连作草莓土壤酚酸类物质的化感作用及其生物调控研究

发布时间：2018-03-28 20:15

本文选题：草莓　切入点：酚酸　出处：《中国农业大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：酚酸类物质的化感作用是造成作物连作障碍的重要因素之-。为探讨酚酸类物质在草莓连作障碍中的作用,本研究以草莓‘红颜’品种Eragaria ananassa Duch.'Benihoppe')为试材,采用水培、盆栽及其离体条件相结合的方法,首先分析了草莓植株全生育期中根系分泌酚酸的种类、数量及其变化,然后阐明了不同酚酸对离体条件下草莓专化型尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum. f. sp. fragariae)、草莓胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)菌丝生长和孢子萌发的影响及盆栽条件下对外源酚酸功能进行了验证,最后研究了土壤灭菌、施用不同肥料、不同作物残体腐解物、不同种类蚯蚓对土壤酚酸及草莓植株生长的调控。本研究主要目的是为草莓连作障碍生物综合调控提供理论依据和技术指导。主要研究结果如下： 1利用HPLC技术检测出草莓植株根际土壤中所含酚酸主要有：没食子酸、原儿茶酸、绿原酸、对羟基苯甲酸、咖啡酸、紫丁香酸、香草醛、对香豆酸、阿魏酸、肉桂酸。对香豆酸、阿魏酸为含量相对较高的酚酸。随着草莓植株生长发育,阿魏酸、没食子酸、原儿茶酸和绿原酸含量逐渐减少,对香豆酸、对羟基苯甲酸及总酚含量逐渐增加,其余可检测酚酸含量相对稳定。离体条件下外源添加低浓度(100mg L-1)阿魏酸促进草莓专化型尖孢镰刀菌孢子萌发。外源对香豆酸在低浓度(25mg L-1)抑制草莓专化型尖孢镰刀菌孢子萌发但促进菌丝生长(100mgL-1)。苗期根际土壤较高浓度阿魏酸可能是草莓幼苗移栽后容易发生镰刀菌枯萎病的原因之一 3革莓耕作层土壤和草莓茎叶腐解物含有的主要酚酸为对香豆酸和阿魏酸。外源施用对香豆酸和阿魏酸(25μg-1干土)促进草莓根茎腐炭疽病发生,但是,当酚酸浓度高于各自某一浓度阈值时,高浓度对香豆酸和阿魏酸能缓解草莓根茎腐炭疽病发生但高浓度阿魏酸也显著抑制根系生长。酚酸对草莓根茎腐炭疽病的发生和根系生长的影响是浓度依赖型的,存在低浓度促进高浓度抑制现象,病原微生物胶孢炭疽菌较草莓植株根系生长对酚酸化感物质浓度更加敏感,在对草莓植株根系直接的毒害作用还未发生时化感物质已间接开始影响病原菌的活性。通过增加耕作层土壤反式肉桂酸的含量,在不影响根系生长条件下能减轻草莓根茎腐炭疽病的发生。 4土壤灭菌处理较正常土壤栽培抑制草莓苗期地下部生长,植株不同发育阶段根冠比发生变化。草莓连作土壤灭菌后施用无机肥处理较施用有机肥处理显著(P0.05)抑制根系生长,灭菌后施用蚯蚓粪较施用牛粪显著促进根系生长。连作土壤灭菌及施用有机肥料处理促进草莓植株地下部根系生长同时也促进草莓植株根系分泌酚酸的增加,施用蚯蚓粪较牛粪能显著降低根际土壤酚酸含量。连作土壤灭菌处理后施用不同肥料对土壤不同种类酶活性影响不同。 5在外源接种高浓度病原菌孢子条件下,相对于对照及其它腐解材料,高粱茎叶腐解物能显著降低(P0.05)草莓植株炭疽病病情指数,但是其显著(P0.05)抑制草莓植株根系生长。西兰花茎叶腐解物显著促进炭疽病的发生及抑制根系的生长。高粱茎叶腐解产生的高浓度的对香豆酸是高梁茎叶腐解物能缓解草莓根茎腐炭疽病的机制之一。 6土壤中接种蚯蚓能够降低草莓茎叶和根系残体腐解物产生的酚酸类化感物质。不同种类蚯蚓对残体腐解物酚酸的降解效果不同。
[Abstract]:The allelopathic effect of phenolic acids is an important factor causing continuous cropping. In order to investigate the effect of phenolic acids in the replant disease of strawberry, strawberry "Confidante" based on the varieties of Eragaria ananassa Duch.'Benihoppe') as test materials, using hydroponics, potted method and in vitro combination, first analyzes the roots of strawberry the plant in the whole growth period the secretion of phenolic acids, quantity and change, and then illustrates the different phenolic acids on vitro strawberry biotypes of Fusarium oxysporum (Fusarium oxysporum. F. sp. fragariae), strawberry Colletotrichum anthrax bacteria (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) effect of mycelium growth and spore germination and potted under the condition of external source phenolic acid functions were verified, finally studied soil sterilization, different fertilizers, different crop residue decomposition, different earthworm growth on soil phenolic acids and strawberry plants The main purpose of this study is to provide theoretical basis and technical guidance for the integrated biological control of strawberry continuous cropping obstacle. The main results are as follows:
1 using HPLC technology to detect the rhizosphere soil of strawberry plants contained phenolic acids are: gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, syringic acid, vanillin, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid content of phenolic acid relatively high. With the growth and development of strawberry plants, ferulic acid, gallic acid, protocatechuic acid and chlorogenic acid content decreased, p-coumaric acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid and total phenol content increased gradually, the detection of phenolic acid content is relatively stable. In vitro by adding low concentration of ferulic acid (100mg L-1) to promote the specialization of strawberry Fusarium oxysporum spore germination. Exogenous p-coumaric acid at low concentration (25mg L-1) inhibited strawberry biotypes of Fusarium oxysporum spore germination but promote mycelium growth (100mgL-1). The seedling rhizosphere soil of high concentration of ferulic acid could be strawberry seedlings after transplanting easily One of the reasons for the occurrence of Fusarium Wilt
The main phenolic acid of 3 strawberry cultivation soils and strawberry stem leaf decomposition with the p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid. Exogenous p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid (25 g-1 dry soil) promote root rot strawberry anthracnose, however, when the concentration is higher than the respective salvianolic acid a concentration threshold and the high concentration of p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid can alleviate but high concentration of ferulic acid also significantly inhibited root growth of strawberry root rot occurrence of anthracnose. Effects of phenolic acids on strawberry root rot and root growth of C.gloeosporioides was concentration dependent, the presence of low concentrations of high concentration promote inhibition of pathogenic micro-organisms glue anthracnose pathogens of strawberry root growth than the phenol concentration and acidification of strawberry plants more sensitive in root the direct damage has not occurred when allelochemicals have been indirectly started to influence the activity of pathogenic bacteria. By increasing soil containing trans cinnamic acid It could reduce the occurrence of strawberry rhizomatous anthracnose without affecting the growth of root system.
4 soil sterilization than normal soil cultivation inhibited strawberry seedling root growth, plant at different developmental stages of root / shoot ratio changed. Strawberry sterilized continuous cropping soil application of inorganic fertilizer with organic manure (P0.05) significantly inhibited root growth significantly after sterilization application of vermicompost application of cow dung is promoted root growth. Soil sterilization and application organic fertilizer treatment increased the root growth of strawberry plants underground also promote strawberry plants root exudation of phenolic acids, application of vermicompost with manure could significantly reduce the content of phenolic acid in rhizosphere soil. The effects of different fertilizers on soil enzyme activities of different types of soil after sterilization.
5 in the high concentration of the spore inoculation of exogenous conditions, compared with the control and other decaying material, sorghum stem leaf decomposition (P0.05) can significantly reduce the plant anthracnose disease index of strawberry, but its remarkable (P0.05) inhibited the growth of strawberry root. Broccoli stem leaf decomposition significantly promote anthracnose occurrence and the growth inhibition of root stem leaf decomposition. Sorghum produces the high concentration of p-coumaric acid is one of the mechanisms of high beam stem leaf decomposition can alleviate the root rot of strawberry anthracnose.
6, inoculation of earthworms in soil can reduce phenolic acids in strawberry stems and leaves and residues. Different kinds of earthworms have different degradation effects on phenolic acids.

【学位授予单位】：中国农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S668.4

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