香格里拉干旱河谷酿酒葡萄的种植生境及品质研究

发布时间：2018-04-25 05:03

本文选题：香格里拉 + 干旱河谷　；参考：《云南农业大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：香格里拉区域内金沙江和澜沧江干旱河谷,位于喜马拉雅山东麓的纵向岭谷藏民聚居区。十九世纪法国传教士带进葡萄种植和酿酒,百余年来逐步拓展扩大,尤其近年来种植结构调整,酿酒葡萄种植遍布整个干旱河谷,初步形成新的高原葡萄酒产区。但由于该区域地处边远,交通不便,且海拔高、环境艰苦等因素,迄今尚未开展深入的系统研究。本论文系统地进行了香格里拉干旱河谷的生境特点、在其生境下酿酒葡萄生长发育规律、主要品种生产性状及品质特征的深入研究,旨在为香格里拉干旱河谷藏区发展葡萄酒产业提供科学依据。主要研究结果及创新如下:1、首次明确了香格里拉干旱河谷种植酿酒葡萄的生境条件。本论文通过10个葡萄种植园两年定点研究数据,并结合周边县、乡气象站多年积累数据,明确了与酿酒葡萄种植相关的生境条件。代表性试验点阿东村的测定结果表明:一是干旱气候特征突出,年均降雨量低298.8-596mm,年均蒸发量高931~1 157mm;年均温温差大11.5~18.1,最高30.7~46.7℃,最低-6.9℃;年有效积温在1 086。C~2 647.7 OC之间,年均总日照长2 397~4 869h,年均紫外辐射强602-1 290W.m-2。二是典型砂石土壤,其容重(2~2.5 g.cm-3),石含量(6.4~48.5%),沙含量(30.7~80.1%),肥力水平适中,矿物质元素钙、镁、铜、锌、铁、锰、硼、硫等含量丰富。三是空气质量一级(AQI26),气压低(766-800hPa),,CO2浓度为0.02~0.04%,氧气含量低(19.7~20.3%),空气洁净度高污染少。四是灌溉水为雪融化水,水体化学需氧量低(8.46~47.86 mg.L-1)、生化需氧量低(3.26~57.9mg.L-1)、污染性有机物和大肠菌群含量低,蛔虫卵均未测出,达到国家一级水质的标准。该生境条件适宜酿酒葡萄种植,但河谷地质结构复杂、土地零碎化程度高、地域屏障大、交通不便,加之河谷流域长、海拔跨度大等制约产业发展的因素也较为突出。2、明确了香格里拉干旱河谷酿酒葡萄的生长发育及品质特点。本论文通过两年定点试验研究,明确了干旱河谷主要酿酒葡萄品种的生长发育规律和品质特征。主栽品种赤霞珠的布村试验点研究表明:一是生长期长,从葡萄萌发到采收的生长期为183d,分别比山东蓬莱和四川西昌长18d和12d。二是成熟期长,从果实转色到收获为92天,分别比山东蓬莱和四川西昌长44d和30d。三是葡萄病虫害发生轻微,霜霉病和白粉病部分年份偶有发生,病情指数仅在0.07以下,其他病虫害稀少。四是果实较小,平均横径和纵径分别为9.25 mm和8.26 mm,比山东蓬莱长宽分别小3.99mm和3.60 mm。五是葡萄品质较高,布村数据结果表明糖酸比为58.27,还原糖含量390.64 g.L-1,花色苷含量1.28 mg.g-1,比山东蓬莱和四川西昌糖酸比分别高40.07和23.61,还原糖含量分别高180.29 g.L-1和197.10 g.L-1,花色苷含量分别高0.42 mg.g-1和0.21 mg.g-1,香格里拉其他试验点的数据表现出丰富的特色。其他内含物如醇类、酚类等物质均有较大差异。本研究结果进一步表明,香格里拉干旱河谷适宜发展优质酿酒葡萄产业。3、明确了香格里拉干旱河谷生境系统中主要酿酒葡萄品种的生产性状。该河谷海拔梯度变化较大,地域屏障大,微环境差异显著。本论文进行了不同海拔主要酿酒葡萄品种生产性状及品质的试验研究,主要试验结果如下:1)玫瑰蜜品种在河谷中部的2200米试验点生产现状及品质优良,在河谷边缘的1860m和2800米海拔试验点,因降雨较多或气温较低表现较差。2)赤霞珠品种选择了2000m、2235m和2635m三个海拔点开展了试验研究,试验结果表明:赤霞珠品种在三个海拔试验点的生产性状及品质均表现优良,总体适应性好,其中2235m和2635m两个海拔点的生长性状及品质表现更优良。3)霞多丽品种选择了2200m、2635m和2800m三个海拔点开展了试验研究,试验结果表明:霞多丽品种在2200m海拔点的性状及品质优良,而2800m海拔点表现较差。这些结果进一步表明,干旱河谷生境条件与品种特性相耦合,充分发挥葡萄品质特色,为形成酒庄酒发展方向提供科学依据。4、阐释了香格里拉干旱河谷酿酒葡萄的产量与品质互作关系。本文试验研究了赤霞珠单株果穗数量与产量质量的相互关系,在同田条件下,设置了单株8、12、16和24果穗的4个处理,试验结果表明,产量随果穗增多而增加,果穗重量和果粒干重随产量增加而减少,品质成分如还原糖含量、黄酮类含量、花色苷含量随产量增加而显著降低。这也进一步表明,香格里拉干旱河谷生境条件下,控制产量是提高酿酒葡萄品质的重要措施。本论文首次系统地研究了香格里拉干旱河谷种植酿酒葡萄的生境条件,明确了其生境条件下酿酒葡萄的生长发育及品质特点,并明确了主要酿酒葡萄品种的生产性状,试验验证了控制产量是干旱河谷酿酒葡萄提高质量的重要措施。本研究结果不仅对香格里拉干旱河谷藏民聚居区发展葡萄酒产业提供了重要的科学数据,且对地质结构复杂,土地零碎、地域屏障大、海拔跨度高、生境多样性等而形成的特色酒庄酒产业发展方向提供了重要科学依据。
[Abstract]:The Jinsha River and the arid valley of the Lancang River in the Shangri-La region are located in the Tibetan people's settlement area of the longitudinal ridge Valley in the foothills of Himalaya. In nineteenth Century, the French missionaries brought in the grape planting and wine making, and gradually expanded for more than a hundred years. Especially in recent years, the planting structure was adjusted. The wine grape was planted throughout the arid valley, and a new high was formed. But because of the remote, inconvenient transportation, high altitude, and hard environment, this area has not been systematically studied so far. This paper systematically carried out the characteristics of the habitat in the arid valley of Shangri-La, the growth and development of wine grapes, the production traits and quality characteristics of the main varieties in their habitats. The purpose of this study is to provide scientific basis for the development of the wine industry in the arid valley of Shangri-La. The main research results and innovations are as follows: 1, the habitat conditions for the planting of wine grapes in the arid valley of Shangri-La were first made clear for the first time. In this paper, the data of the two year fixed-point study of the 10 grape plantations and the accumulation of the meteorological stations in the surrounding counties and the townships were accumulated for many years. The data showed the habitat conditions related to the planting of wine grape. The results of the representative test point of ardong village showed that the first was the drought climate characteristics, the annual average rainfall was low 298.8-596mm, the annual average evaporation was high 931~1 157mm, the average annual temperature difference was 11.5~18.1, the highest 30.7~46.7, and the lowest -6.9 C; the annual effective accumulated temperature was 1 086.C~2 647.7 OC. The annual average sunshine length is 2 397~4 869h, and the annual average ultraviolet radiation intensity 602-1 290W.m-2. two is typical sand soil, its bulk density (2~2.5 g.cm-3), stone content (6.4~48.5%), sand content (30.7~80.1%), fertility level moderate, mineral element calcium, magnesium, copper, zinc, iron, manganese, boron, sulfur and so on. Three is the air quality level (AQI26), the pressure is low (766-800hPa), The concentration of CO2 is 0.02~0.04%, the oxygen content is low (19.7~20.3%), and the air cleanliness is very low. Four is the irrigation water is snow melting water, the chemical oxygen demand is low (8.46~47.86 mg.L-1), the biochemical oxygen demand is low (3.26~57.9mg.L-1), the polluted organic matter and the coliform group content is low, the Ascaris eggs are not detected, and the standard of the national level water quality is reached. This habitat is the habitat. The conditions are suitable for the cultivation of wine grape, but the geological structure of the valley is complex, the land fragmentary degree is high, the regional barrier is large, the traffic is inconvenient, and the factors that restrict the industrial development, such as the valley length and the high altitude span, are more prominent.2, and the characteristics of the growth and quality of grape wine and grape in the arid valley of Shangri-La are clearly defined. The growth pattern and quality characteristics of the main grape varieties in the arid valley were determined by the point test. The study of the main cultivated variety of Cabernet Sauvignon showed that first, the growth period was long, the growth period from the grapes to the harvest was 183d, which was longer than the 18D and 12D. two in Penglai and Xichang, Sichuan and Sichuan, respectively. The harvest was 92 days, compared with the 44d and 30D. three of Penglai in Shandong and Xichang of Sichuan, and three of the diseases and insect pests of grapes, and the occasional occurrence of downy mildew and powdery mildew in some years. The disease index was only below 0.07 and the other diseases and insect pests were scarce. Four were small fruit, the average diameter and longitudinal diameter were 9.25 mm and 8.26 mm respectively, which were smaller than the Penglai length of Shandong, 3.99mm respectively. The quality of grape was high, and 3.60 mm. five showed that the ratio of sugar and acid was 58.27, reducing sugar content was 390.64 g.L-1, anthocyanin content was 1.28 mg.g-1, which was 40.07 and 23.61 higher than that in Penglai of Shandong and Sichuan Xichang, respectively, and the reducing sugar content was 180.29 g.L-1 and 197.10 g.L-1 respectively, and the content of anthocyanins was 0.42 mg.g-1 and 0.21 mg.g-1, respectively. The data of other experimental sites in Shangri-La showed a lot of characteristics. The other inclusions, such as alcohols and phenols, were different. The results of this study further indicated that the arid valley of Shangri-La was suitable for the development of high quality wine grape industry.3, and the production of the main grape varieties in the arid Valley habitat of Shangri-La was clearly defined. The main test results were as follows: 1) the production status and quality of the Rose Honey varieties at the 2200 meter test point in the middle of the valley, and the 1860m and 28 at the valley edge of the valley. At the altitude of 00 meters, the Cabernet Cabernet Sauvignon varieties selected 2000m, 2235m and 2635m at three altitude points because of more rainfall or low temperature.2). The results showed that the production traits and quality of Cabernet Sauvignon varieties at three altitude test points were good, and the overall adaptability was good, of which two altitude points were 2235m and 2635m. The growth traits and quality performance were better.3) the Chardonnay varieties selected three altitudes of 2200m, 2635m and 2800m to carry out the experimental study. The results showed that the characters and quality of Chardonnay varieties at the altitude of 2200m were good, and the 2800m elevation points were poor. Coupling, giving full play to grape quality characteristics and providing scientific basis for the development direction of wine and Chateau wine.4, the interaction relationship between yield and quality of wine grapes in Shangri-La arid valley was explained. The relationship between the number of spikes per plant and yield quality of Cabernet Sauvignon was studied in this paper. Under the condition of the same field, a single plant 8,12,16 and 24 spikes were set up. The results of 4 treatments showed that the yield increased with the increase of fruit spike, the weight of the spike and the dry weight of the fruit decreased with the increase of yield. The quality components, such as reducing sugar content, flavonoid content and anthocyanin content decreased significantly with the increase of yield. This further indicated that under the condition of the arid valley of Shangri-La, the control yield is to improve the wine making and Portuguese. This paper first systematically studied the habitat conditions of winemaking grapes planted in the arid valley of Shangri-La, clarified the growth and quality characteristics of winemaking grapes under the conditions of their habitats, and made clear the production traits of the main grape varieties. The experimental results showed that the control yield was the improvement of wine grape in Arid Valley. The results of this study not only provide important scientific data for the development of the wine industry in the Tibetan populated areas of the arid valley of Shangri-La, but also provide an important scientific basis for the development direction of the wine industry with complex geological structure, fragmentary land, high geographical barrier, high altitude, and habitat diversity.

【学位授予单位】：云南农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S663.1

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