猪粪、沼液农用重金属和抗生素的生态风险及生物调控研究

发布时间：2018-05-04 11:46

本文选题：蚯蚓 + 猪粪　；参考：《华南农业大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：我国畜禽养殖业飞速发展的同时产生了大量畜禽粪便,畜禽粪便及厌氧发酵产生的沼液都是优质有机肥。广东省的丘陵山地是林业生产的重点区域,其土壤酸性高、养分含量低,严重制约了林业发展。施用畜禽粪便和沼液于酸化贫瘠的林地土壤可实现废弃物的资源化利用和促进林木高效生长。畜禽粪便和沼液中重金属和抗生素含量普遍超标,长期施用具有潜在生态危害。蚯蚓和菌肥可促进有机质分解、矿物营养释放,进而影响重金属和抗生素迁移转化,但关于自然条件下蚯蚓、菌肥对猪粪、沼液农用生态风险调控方面的研究还鲜见报道。本文以广东省云浮市新兴县罗陈猪场黄梁木速生林为试验区域,研究了猪粪、沼液农用后重金属和抗生素的污染特征及蚯蚓和菌肥调控作用,进行了四环素类抗生素降解菌筛选和鉴定。主要研究结果如下:(1)猪粪可提高土壤pH,沼液作用不明显。猪粪-沼液配施降低交换性酸的速度大于单施猪粪,蚯蚓和蚯蚓-菌肥配施可快速降低交换性酸。猪粪和猪粪-沼液配施可提高土壤电导率,两者间无显著差异(P0.05)。蚯蚓和蚯蚓-菌肥配施都可提高土壤电导率,蚯蚓效果更为明显。施加猪粪可提高盐基离子浓度,尤其是交换性钙、镁,沼液作用较小,蚯蚓和蚯蚓-菌肥配施可促进交换性钙、镁累积。单施猪粪和猪粪-沼液配施土壤C/N基本相同,接种蚯蚓可降低土壤C/N。蚯蚓和蚯蚓-菌肥配施土壤有机质组分相似度较高。猪粪、沼液及添加生物对土壤物理性质无显著影响(P0.05)。蚯蚓可降低细菌、真菌多样性,蚯蚓和菌肥配施对真菌的抑制作用更为明显。猪粪可改善土壤化学性质,沼液作用较小,蚯蚓和菌肥可提高土壤缓冲和保肥能力。(2)单施猪粪土壤中Pb含量上升,施加沼液可降低其含量,蚯蚓和蚯蚓-菌肥配施土壤中Pb含量呈下降趋势。单施猪粪和猪粪-沼液配施土壤中Cu浓度无显著差异(P0.05),蚯蚓可降低Cu含量。单施猪粪和猪粪-沼液配施土壤中Zn含量差异显著(P0.05),蚯蚓可降低Zn含量。各处理土壤中As含量无显著差异(P0.05),蚯蚓和菌肥可提高土壤中As含量。蚯蚓可提高黄梁木对Pb、Cu、Zn、As的富集和转运,减轻污染和生态危害。长期施加猪粪主要导致Cu、Zn污染,施加沼液可降低其含量。蚯蚓可有效降低重金属生态危害,菌肥作用相对较弱。(3)单施猪粪土壤中土霉素含量(138.26μg·kg-1)显著高于对照(40.5μg·kg-1)和猪粪-沼液配施(37.84μg·kg-1)(P0.05),蚯蚓和蚯蚓-菌肥配施土霉素含量上升。单施猪粪土壤中四环素含量(175.56μg·kg-1)显著高于对照(20.63μg·kg-1)和猪粪-沼液配施(74.35μg·kg-1)(P0.05),蚯蚓和蚯蚓-菌肥配施可提高四环素含量,且单独接种蚯蚓含量最高(226.55μg·kg-1)。施加猪粪和猪粪-沼液配施可提高土壤中金霉素含量,猪粪-沼液配施高于单施猪粪,接种蚯蚓后金霉素累积最为明显。施加猪粪可造成四环素类抗生素富集,沼液可降低其含量,蚯蚓和菌肥可促进其富集。(4)筛选出2株四环素降解菌,4株土霉素降解菌,1株金霉素降解菌,1株四环素和金霉素复合降解菌。6株为杆状菌,2株为球形菌,都为革兰氏阴性菌。确定为弗氏柠檬酸杆菌Citrobacter werkmanii、雷氏普罗威登菌Providencia rettgeri strain、弗氏柠檬酸杆菌Citrobacter werkmanii、巨大芽孢杆菌Bacillμs megaterium、节杆菌属Arthrobacter sp、高地芽孢杆菌Bacillμs altitudinis、恶臭假单胞菌Pseudomonas putida、睾丸酮丛毛单胞菌Comamonas testosterone。以上菌株能以四环素类抗生素为唯一碳源,促进其降解,有望用于抗生素污染治理。(5)土壤理化性质、污染物、微生物间相关性分析结果表明:阳离子交换量是影响细菌群落的最重要因子,蚯蚓和菌肥可降低阳离子交换量从而降低细菌多样性。交换性铝对真菌群落影响最大,蚯蚓和菌肥可通过降低交换性铝含量提高真菌多样性。在所测重金属和抗生素中,对细菌和真菌影响最大的是Cu、Zn,蚯蚓和菌肥可减轻其对微生物的抑制作用。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of livestock and poultry industry in China has produced a large number of livestock and poultry excrement, and the biogas liquid produced by livestock and poultry manure and anaerobic fermentation is high quality organic fertilizer. The hilly and hilly areas of Guangdong province are the key areas of forestry production, with high soil acidity and low nutrient content, which seriously restrict the development of forestry. The forestland soil can realize the utilization of waste and promote the efficient growth of forest trees. The content of heavy metals and antibiotics in livestock and poultry manure and biogas liquid is generally exceeded, and the long-term application has potential ecological hazards. Earthworms and bacterial manure can promote organic matter decomposition, mineral nutrition release, and then affect the migration and transformation of heavy metals and antibiotics, but about nature. In this paper, the characteristics of pig manure, the characteristics of heavy metals and antibiotics and the regulation of earthworms and bacterial manure were studied in this paper, and the resistance of tetracycline to tetracycline was carried out in this paper. The main results are as follows: (1) pig manure can improve soil pH, and the effect of biogas slurry is not obvious. Pig manure and biogas slurry can reduce exchangeable acid faster than single pig manure, earthworm and earthworm fertilizer can rapidly reduce exchangeable acid. Pig manure and pig manure and biogas liquid can improve soil conductivity, there is no significant difference between the two. The difference (P0.05). Earthworms and earthworm fertilization can improve the soil conductivity, the earthworm effect is more obvious. The application of pig manure can increase the concentration of the salt base ion, especially the exchangeable calcium, magnesium, the effect of the biogas fertilizer is small, the earthworm and earthworm fertilizer can promote exchangeable calcium and magnesium accumulation. The single application of pig manure and pig manure and biogas slurry to apply soil C/N is basically the same, and then the soil is basically the same. Earthworms can reduce the similarity between soil C/N. earthworms and earthworms and fertilizer applied to soil organic matter. Pig manure, biogas fluid and adding organisms have no significant influence on the physical properties of soil (P0.05). Earthworms can reduce the diversity of bacteria and fungi. Earthworms and microbial fertilizer application are more obvious for the suppression of fungi. Pig manure can improve soil chemical properties, marsh Soil buffers and fertilizer can improve the soil buffer and fertilizer conservation ability. (2) the content of Pb in the single application of pig manure soil can be increased, and the content of Pb can be reduced by the application of biogas solution. There is no significant difference between the earthworm and earthworm fertilizer application soil and the Cu concentration in the soil of single application of pig manure and pig manure and biogas slurry (P0.05), and the earthworm can reduce the content of Cu. The difference of Zn content in soil with pig manure and pig manure combined with pig manure was significant (P0.05), and earthworms could reduce the content of Zn. There was no significant difference in the content of As in the soil (P0.05). Earthworms and microbial fertilizer could improve the content of As in the soil. Earthworms could improve the enrichment and transport of Huang Liangmu to Pb, Cu, Zn, As, and reduce pollution and ecological harm. The main guide of pig manure was long applied. Cu, Zn pollution, the application of biogas liquid can reduce its content. Earthworms can effectively reduce the ecological harm of heavy metals, the effect of bacterial fertilizer is relatively weak. (3) the content of oxytetracycline (138.26 mu g. Kg-1) in single application of pig manure soil is significantly higher than the control (40.5 mu g. Kg-1) and pig manure biogas slurry (37.84 mu g. Kg-1) (P0.05), earthworms and earthworm fertilizer combined with oxytetracycline content increased. The content of tetracycline (175.56 G. Kg-1) in single application of pig manure was significantly higher than that of control (20.63 G. Kg-1) and pig manure (74.35 mu g. Kg-1) (P0.05). Earthworms and earthworm fertilizer could increase the content of tetracycline, and the content of earthworms was highest (226.55 Mu G. Kg-1). The application of pig manure and pig manure and biogas liquid to improve the chlortetracycline in soil The accumulation of chlortetracycline in pig manure was higher than that of pig manure with pig manure, and the accumulation of tetracycline was the most obvious after inoculation. The application of pig manure could lead to the enrichment of tetracycline antibiotics, and the biogas liquid could reduce its content. (4) 2 strains of tetracycline degrading bacteria, 4 strains of tetracycline degrading bacteria, 1 strains of chlortetracycline degrading bacteria and 1 strains of tetracycline and gold mould were selected. The.6 strain of the degrading bacteria was baculovirus, 2 were spherical, and all were Gram-negative bacteria. It was identified as Citrobacter werkmanii, Providencia rettgeri strain, Citrobacter werkmanii, Bacill micronux s megaterium, Bacillus Arthrobacter, high altitude buds. Bacillus Bacill Mu s altitudinis, Pseudomonas stintoid Pseudomonas putida, testosterone (testosterone) strain Comamonas testosterone. can be used as the only carbon source with tetracycline antibiotics as the only carbon source. It is expected to be used for the treatment of antibiotic pollution. (5) the results of soil physical and chemical properties, pollutants and microorganism correlation analysis show that: Yang separation The amount of subexchange is the most important factor affecting the bacterial community. Earthworms and bacterial manure can reduce cation exchange and reduce bacterial diversity. Exchangeable aluminum has the greatest impact on fungal communities. Earthworms and bacterial fertilizers can increase fungal diversity by reducing the exchangeable aluminum content. Among the heavy metals and antibiotics, the greatest impact on bacteria and fungi is found. It is Cu, Zn, earthworm and bacterial manure, which can reduce their inhibitory effect on microorganisms.

【学位授予单位】：华南农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：X713;S714.8

【参考文献】