仿栗种苗生理特性及扦插繁殖技术研究

发布时间：2018-05-11 07:36

本文选题：仿栗 + 离子注入　；参考：《中南林业科技大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：仿栗/Sloanea hemsleyana为杜英科猴欢喜属常绿乔木,树干端直,树型高大、常绿、枝叶繁茂,可供观赏。木材为白色,纹理细直,可供家俱他建筑用材。主要分布在我国四川、云南、湖北及湖南等地。仿栗作为野生木本油料植物,含油率高,油质好,是一种良好的生物能源树种。仿栗种子不耐贮藏,母树结实量低,种子出苗率低,容易造成种源不足。为解决这一问题,开展了扦插繁殖技术研究,探讨了不同插穗部位和规格、不同生根促进剂种类和浓度、不同扦插时间以及不同扦插基质对插穗生根的影响;研究了生根过程中各项生理指标的动态变化;用石蜡切片法研究了不定根发生的解剖学特性。以仿栗种子及幼苗为研究对象,开展了不同剂量的低能氮离子束注入,研究其酶活性的变化过程;开展了三水平正交试验,研究仿栗幼苗在不同肥料配比下的生理变化规律,在养分胁迫条件下酶活性随物候期变化的规律。为仿栗扦插繁殖和苗木培育提供理论依据和技术支撑。主要研究结果如下:1.扦插繁殖结果表明,树冠上部穗条生根率高、生根数多、根长最长,扦插效果好;同一枝条的不同部位的插穗,扦插的生根率存在显著差异,中部插穗生根率高,达到40%;插条长度以15cm为好,生根率高达30%;插条粗度在0.3～0.6cm时生根率最高,达75%;剪切成一个斜面的下切口插条生根率高达91.7%。保留2～3片叶,每片叶保留一半的插条,生根效果好;采用K-IBA 3000 mg/kg处理插穗,其生根率比对照高出近50%;扦插时间以9月为最适宜,其生根率高达70%以上;采用混合基质扦插,不定根出现早、生根率高。2.插穗中的可溶性糖、总氮、蛋白质含量及C/N值均随生根进程而发生变化,其变化趋势大致一致。愈伤组织诱导期,上述指标均呈下降趋势,满足细胞脱分化、分裂所需的能量以及形成新细胞;愈伤组织形成后,上述指标上升,为不定根的诱导和形成提供营养物质。3.扦插生根过程中,SOD和POD酶活性呈现先上升后下降的趋势,插后20 d后达最大值,之后逐渐降低;MDA含量先迅速积累,插后约20 d出现峰值,随后一直下降,MDA对细胞有毒害作用;生根剂处理比对照能有效降低MDA含量,促进生根。4.生根解剖学研究表明,仿栗本身不具有先生根原基,属于诱生根原基类型,不定根大部分源于皮层细胞和维管形成层细胞。5.仿栗种子注入不同剂量的氮离子束后,SOD、POD和CAT酶活性随着剂量的增加先上升后下降;当注入剂量在3×1016ions/cm2～9×1016ions/cm2范围内,上述3种酶活性比对照均有不同程度的提高,当注入剂量在9×1016ions/cm2时,3种酶活性均达到峰值,当剂量在9×1016ions/cm2～12×1016 ions/cm2范围内,3种酶活性均较高,有利于协调作用,使自由基维持在一个较低的水平。当注入剂量大于12×1016ions/cm2时,活性逐渐下降。这表明一定剂量的氮离子注入,能激活合成自由基清除酶的能力,在一定程度上免受自由基侵害。6.低能氮离子束的注入,MDA的含量和电解质外渗率呈现先下降后上升的趋势;当注入剂量在3×1016ions/cm2～9×1016ions/cm2范围内时,MDA含量、电解质外渗率比对照均有不同程度的下降,当注入剂量达到9×1016ions/cm2时,MDA含量最低,此时电解质外渗率也最低,这说明脂质过氧化作用被削弱;随着注入剂量的增加,MDA含量呈现先下降后上升的变化,说明离子注入起始阶段生物体自身修复系统发挥了作用,脂质过氧化作用被削弱。但随着离子剂量的增加,其含量出现上升,说明高剂量离子的注入,增加了膜的通透性,大量离子外渗,破坏了细胞的调节能力,正常功能的膜系统被破坏,膜质过氧化产物积累。7.养分胁迫试验表明:(1)4号处理组合有利于提高苗木高度,3号和8号处理组合有利于提高苗木粗度。(2)4号处理组合有利于提高叶片叶绿素含量,提高SOD和CAT酶活性;4号处理组合在不同月份的MDA含量和电解质渗漏率显著低于其他处理,说明4号处理对胁迫的适应能力较强,受胁迫较轻。(3)叶片叶绿素含量在各个物候期,施肥处理均高于对照;各种处理的叶绿素含量呈现先升高后下降,在8月底均达到峰值。(4)保护酶活性均表现为先升高,后下降趋势,在8月底达到峰值;各处理在各个物候期,MDA含量和电解质渗漏率表现出上升趋势,但上升的程度在各个月份有所不同,这与外界环境和叶片衰老有一定的关系。(5)各种处理叶绿素含量与SOD活性表现为极显著正相关关系;这可能是因为在生长期,施肥的效果,光合能力增强,产生大量氧自由基,SOD酶活性提高,叶片免受自由基的损伤,二者表现为正相关。到了生长后期,叶片逐渐衰老,叶绿素含量下降,导致光合能力下降,SOD酶活性也因叶片损伤,活性下降,也表现出二者的正相关。
[Abstract]:Chestnut /Sloanea hemsleyana is the evergreen tree of Duke monkey, the tree trunk is straight, the tree is tall, evergreen, and the branches and leaves are luxuriant. The wood is white and the texture is fine and straight. It can be used for the furniture. It is mainly distributed in Sichuan, Yunnan, Hubei and Hunan. The imitation chestnut is a wild woody oil plant with high oil content and good oil quality. A good biological energy tree species. The seeds of the Chinese chestnut are not stored in storage, the seed yield of the mother tree is low, the seed germination rate is low, and it is easy to cause the shortage of seed. The dynamic changes of physiological indexes in the course of rooting were studied. The anatomic characteristics of the occurrence of adventitious roots were studied by paraffin section method. The different doses of low energy nitrogen ion beam injection were carried out to study the change process of the enzyme activity, and the three level orthogonal experiment was carried out. The physiological change law of chestnut seedlings under different fertilizer ratio, the change of the enzyme activity under the condition of nutrient stress, provided the theoretical basis and technical support for the Cuttage Propagation and the seedling cultivation of Chinese chestnut. The main results are as follows: 1. the results of cutting propagation show that the root rate of the top spike is high, the root number is many, the root length is the most. Long, cutting effect is good; the rooting rate of cuttings at different parts of the same branch has significant difference, the rooting rate of the cuttings is high, reaching 40%, the length of the cuttings is 15cm, the rooting rate is up to 30%, the rooting rate of the cuttings is the highest, reaching 75% when the cuttings are 0.3 ~ 0.6cm, and the root rate of cutting into a slope is up to 91.7%. 2~3. Leaf leaf, the leaf of each leaf retained half of the cuttings, and the rooting effect was good. The root rate of the cuttings treated with K-IBA 3000 mg/kg was nearly 50% higher than that of the control; the cutting time was most suitable in September, and the rooting rate was up to 70%. The soluble sugar, total nitrogen, protein content and C/N value of the root rate were high in the.2. cuttings with the mixed matrix cuttage. The changes in the rooting process were all the same, and the trend of the changes was roughly the same. The index of the callus induction was descending to meet the cell dedifferentiation, the energy needed to divide and the formation of new cells. After the formation of the callus, the above indexes rose, which provided the root of the adventitious roots and formation of.3. cuttings, SOD And POD enzyme activity showed a trend of first increase and then decline, after 20 d to reach the maximum value, then gradually decrease; MDA content first quickly accumulated, after 20 d peak, and then declined, MDA has a toxic effect on cells; rooting agent treatment can effectively reduce the content of MDA and promote root.4. rooting anatomy study show that chestnut itself does not The root primordium, which belongs to the primordial primordium, mostly originates from the cortical and vascular cambium cells, most of the.5. chestnut seeds are injected into different doses of nitrogen ions. The activity of SOD, POD and CAT enzyme rises first and then decreases with the increase of dose; the above 3 enzymes are within the 3 * 1016ions/cm2 ~ 9 * 1016ions/cm2 range. The activity of the 3 enzymes reached the peak when the injection dose was 9 * 1016ions/cm2. The activity of the 3 enzymes was higher in the range of 9 x 1016ions/cm2 ~ 12 x 1016 ions/cm2, which was beneficial to the coordination and kept the free radicals at a lower level. When the injection dose was greater than 12 * 1016ions/cm2, the activity was more than 12 * 1016ions/cm2. This shows that the nitrogen ion implantation at a certain dose can activate the ability to synthesize the free radical scavenging enzyme, to a certain extent, from the injection of.6. low energy nitrogen ion beam by free radicals, the content of MDA and the electrolyte exosmotic rate show a tendency to decrease first and then increase; when the injection dose is within the range of 3 x 1016ions/cm2 to 9 x 1016ions/cm2 The content of MDA and the electrolyte exosmotic rate decreased in varying degrees. When the injection dose reached 9 * 1016ions/cm2, the content of MDA was the lowest and the electrolyte exosperation was the lowest, which indicated that the lipid peroxidation was weakened. As the injection dose increased, the content of MDA decreased first and then increased, indicating the initial stage of ion implantation. The self repairing system of the organism played a role, and the effect of lipid peroxidation was weakened. But with the increase of ion dose, the content of the system increased. It indicated that the injection of the high dose ion increased the permeability of the membrane, a large amount of ion exudation, destroyed the regulating ability of the cells, the membrane system of normal function was destroyed, and the membrane peroxide product accumulated.7. The experiment of nutrient stress showed that (1) the combination of No. 4 treatment was beneficial to raising the height of the seedlings, and the combination of No. 3 and No. 8 was beneficial to improve the coarseness of the seedlings. (2) 4 treatment combination was beneficial to improve the chlorophyll content of leaves and increase the activity of SOD and CAT enzyme. The content of MDA and the leakage rate of electrolyte in the 4 treatment combination in different months were significantly lower than those of other treatments. No. 4 treatment was more adaptable to stress and light stress. (3) the chlorophyll content of leaves was higher than that of the control at every phenological period. The chlorophyll content of all kinds of treatments first increased and then declined, and reached the peak at the end of August. (4) the activity of protective enzymes increased first, then decreased at the end of August, and reached the peak value at the end of August. In each phenological period, MDA content and electrolyte leakage rate showed an upward trend, but the degree of rise was different in each month, which had a certain relationship with the external environment and leaf senescence. (5) various treatments of chlorophyll content and SOD activity showed a very significant positive correlation; this may be due to the effect of fertilization in the growth period, photosynthesis. Capacity enhancement, producing a large number of oxygen free radicals, SOD enzyme activity increased, leaves free radical damage, the two showed positive correlation. To the late growth, leaves gradually aging, chlorophyll content decreased, resulting in the decrease of photosynthetic capacity, SOD enzyme activity also caused by leaf damage, activity decreased, also showed positive correlation of the two.

【学位授予单位】：中南林业科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S792.99

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