活立木生物电能利用方法研究

发布时间：2018-05-14 23:11

本文选题：活立木 + 生物电　；参考：《北京林业大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：无线传感器网络是一种分布式的数据采集技术,目前已在林业环境信息监测领域广泛应用。但是,由于应用环境及成本所限,如何为林业无线传感器网络节点提供持续、可靠的电能仍然是该领域亟待解决的重要问题。目前被广泛研究的太阳能、振动能、电磁能、风能、热能等环境能量在森林环境中均存在一定限制,不能用来可靠地为林业传感器节点供电。作为森林环境中特有的环境能量,活立木生物电能非常适合为林业传感器节点提供持续的电能。但是,这种电能较为微弱,电源参数特性亦不明确,其利用方法同样有待于更深入的研究。本文在充分分析和借鉴已有的环境能量收集与利用技术基础上,从明确电源参数特性、电能采集、电能收集与存储等环节对活立木生物电能的利用方法进行了研究,并研制了活立木生物电能收集和存储装置。本文的主要研究内容和研究结论如下：1、为了获取活立木生物电源参数特性,研制了基于物联网技术的活立木生物电源参数监测系统。该系统能够对活立木生物电源参数及环境信息进行长期、连续的测量,为明确活立木生物电源参数特性提供了技术基础。2、对活立木生物电源参数进行了长期监测,并对其内阻分布范围、变化规律及变化机理进行了深入研究。活立木生物电源内阻较大,其大小在1kΩ至5 kΩ之间,且随季节和昼夜周期性变化。活立木内部树液含量及活立木的生理活动对活立木生物电源内阻大小具有较大影响。此研究结果为提高活立木生物电源的输出功率及活立木生物电能收集与存储装置的研制提供了参考。3、研究了电极材料和电极规格对活立木生物电源输出电压的影响机理。(1)金属电极材料的导电性对“电极-土壤”及“电极-树干”的接触电阻有较大影响,进而决定了活立木生物电源的输出电压。电极材料的导电性越强,接触电阻越低,获得的活立木生物电能电压越高。(2)金属电极材料的活动性对活立木生物电能的电压没有决定性影响。但是,金属电极材料的钝化会使获得的活立木生物电能电压急剧降低。(3)活立木生物电源的输出电压与土壤电极表面积呈对数关系：E=a+6×ln S,其中E为活立木生物电源的输出电压,S为土壤电极的表面积。土壤电极表面积越大,活立木生物电源的输出电压越高,但电压的增长率降低。4、根据以上研究结果,研制了活立木生物电能收集与存储装置。该装置以能量处理器CBC915为控制核心,利用低压电荷泵电路为CBC915提供启动电源,控制升压斩波电路对活立木生物电能进行升压,并将电能存储到固态电池CBC51200中。经测试,该装置能够对活立木生物电能进行有效收集和存储,并为林业无线传感器节点供电。本文的研究结果为林业无线传感器网络提供了一种可行的供电方案,同时为林业物联网的发展奠定了一定技术基础。
[Abstract]:Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a distributed data acquisition technology, which has been widely used in the field of forestry environmental information monitoring. However, due to the limitation of application environment and cost, how to provide sustainable and reliable electrical energy for forestry wireless sensor network nodes is still an important problem to be solved urgently in this field. At present, solar energy, vibration energy, electromagnetic energy, wind energy, thermal energy and other environmental energy are all limited in forest environment, which can not be used to supply power to forestry sensor nodes reliably. As a special environmental energy in forest environment, living tree bioelectric energy is very suitable to provide sustainable electric energy for forestry sensor nodes. However, this kind of electric energy is weak and the characteristics of power supply parameters are not clear. Based on the full analysis and reference of the existing environmental energy collection and utilization technology, this paper studies the utilization methods of living wood bioelectric energy from the aspects of defining the characteristics of power supply parameters, electric energy collection, electric energy collection and storage, etc. A device for collecting and storing living tree bioelectric energy was developed. The main contents and conclusions of this paper are as follows: 1. In order to obtain the parameters of living tree biological power supply, a monitoring system based on Internet of things (IOT) is developed. The system can measure the parameters and environmental information of living wood for a long time and continuously. It provides a technical basis for determining the characteristics of living tree biological power supply parameters, and monitors the parameters of living wood biological power supply for a long time. The distribution range, variation law and mechanism of internal resistance are also studied. The internal resistance of living tree biological power supply is large, ranging from 1 k 惟 to 5 k 惟, and varies periodically with season and day and night. The content of sap and the physiological activity of the living tree have great influence on the internal resistance of the living tree. The results provide a reference for improving the output power of the living tree biological power supply and the development of the device for collecting and storing the living tree bioelectric energy. The influence of electrode materials and electrode specifications on the output voltage of the living wood biological power supply is studied. The electrical conductivity of metal electrode material has great influence on the contact resistance of "electrode-soil" and "electrode-trunk". Furthermore, the output voltage of the living tree biological power supply is determined. The higher the electrical conductivity of the electrode material, the lower the contact resistance, the higher the bioelectric energy voltage of the living tree, the higher the bioelectric energy voltage. 2) the activity of the metal electrode material has no decisive effect on the voltage of the living tree bioelectric energy. However, The passivation of the metal electrode material will reduce the bioelectric energy voltage of the living wood sharply. 3) the output voltage of the living tree biological power supply has logarithmic relationship with the surface area of soil electrode, where E is the output of the living tree biological power supply. Voltage S is the surface area of soil electrode. The larger the surface area of soil electrode, the higher the output voltage, but the lower the voltage growth rate. Based on the above results, a bioelectric energy collection and storage device for living wood was developed. The device takes the energy processor CBC915 as the control core, uses the low voltage charge pump circuit to provide the start-up power for the CBC915, controls the boost chopper circuit to boost the bioelectric energy of the movable tree, and stores the electric energy in the solid state battery CBC51200. The test results show that the device can effectively collect and store the bioelectric energy of standing wood and supply power to the wireless sensor nodes in forestry. The results of this paper provide a feasible power supply scheme for forestry wireless sensor networks and lay a technical foundation for the development of forestry Internet of things.
【学位授予单位】：北京林业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S712

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