疥螨对新药的敏感性研究和遗传多样性分析

发布时间：2018-05-30 00:11

本文选题：疥螨 + 杀虫剂　；参考：《广西大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：疥螨是一种能够感染人和动物体外寄生虫,可通过直接或间接接触传播,在世界范围内广泛流行。疥螨能够感染104种哺乳动物,全世界每年超过1.3亿人感染疥疮病。当前,蛹虫的防控策略非常有限,而针对环境中的螨虫,几乎没有有效的产品予以控制。另外,疥螨的分类学地位仍存在一定争议。本研究的目的是评估疥螨对除螨药的敏感性以及分析人与动物螨虫的遗传多样性。实验第一部分是建立动物模型,然后利用这一模型以评估新药afoxolaner对疥疮病的疗效。评估药物的疗效首先是基于用药后从实验动物猪身上采集到的活螨数量。在用药后第8天,4头经afoxolaner治疗的猪的刮片中全都检查不到螨虫,而此时用伊维菌素治疗的4头猪仍有3头检查到螨虫。所有治疗组的猪都在实验结束时(用药45天后)痊愈或基本痊愈,而所有对照组的猪(4头)仍持续感染。其次,基于皮肤病变和皮肤瘙痒的转归程度评估药物的疗效。在用药后14天,afoxolaner组的猪疥疮临床症状全部消退,而伊维菌素组的猪仍能观察到一些症状。实验的第二部分是利用体外实验评估各种化学药品的杀螨效力。几个梯度浓度的伊维菌素和莫西菌素,以及10种精油都被用来在体外试验杀螨效力。伊维菌素和莫西菌素的半数致死浓度分别是150.2±31.4 ng/mL和608.3±88.0 ng/mL。伊维菌素浓度低于1 ng/mL和莫西菌素浓度低于10 ng/mL都未见杀螨效力。此外,通过接触和熏蒸实验,我们还评估了 10种精油的杀螨功效。在接触实验中,10种精油的功效顺序是:丁香油玫瑰草油天竺葵油茶树油薰衣草油松红梅油苦橙油尤加利油日本柳杉油,其中1%的丁香油能够在20分钟内杀死所有螨虫。在熏蒸实验中,10种精油的功效顺序是:茶树丁香油尤加利精油薰衣草油玫瑰草油天竺葵油日本柳杉油橙油松红梅油,其中茶树精油在4分钟就能杀死全部螨虫。针对环境中的螨虫,我们测试了 11种杀虫剂或驱避剂。这些产品中包含有氯菊酯(4%和0.6%),esdepallethrin和生物苄呋菊酯,氟氯菊酯,氯氰菊酯和咪炔菊酯,氟氯氰菊酯,胺菊酯和sumithrin,避蚊胺(25%和50%),埃卡瑞丁以及IR3535。实验的第三部分为分析人与动物螨虫的遗传多样性。部分COX1基因被用于进行系统发育分析。结果显示,从进化层面上看,感染人的螨虫可能最初来源于狗。
[Abstract]:Scabies is an ectoparasite that can infect humans and animals. It can be transmitted by direct or indirect contact and is widely prevalent in the world. Scabies can infect 104 species of mammals. More than 130 million people worldwide are infected with scabies every year. At present, the control strategy of pupa insects is very limited, but there are few effective products to control the acarids in the environment. In addition, the taxonomic status of scabies is still controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of scabies to mites and to analyze the genetic diversity of human and animal mites. The first part of the experiment was to establish an animal model and then use the model to evaluate the efficacy of new drug afoxolaner in the treatment of scabies. The efficacy of the drug was first assessed on the basis of the number of live mites collected from pigs in laboratory animals. On the 8th day after treatment, no mites could be detected in the scrapers of 4 pigs treated with afoxolaner, while 3 of the 4 pigs treated with ivermectin were still tested for mites. All the pigs in the treatment group were cured or basically cured at the end of the experiment (45 days after administration), while 4 pigs in all the control groups were still infected. Second, the efficacy of the drug was evaluated based on the severity of skin lesions and pruritus. The clinical symptoms of scabies disappeared 14 days after treatment in the afoxolaner group, while some symptoms were observed in the ivermectin group. The second part of the experiment was to evaluate the efficacy of various chemicals in vitro. Several gradient concentrations of ivermectin and moxigenin, as well as 10 essential oils, were used to test mite efficacy in vitro. The median lethal concentrations of ivermectin and moxigenin were 150.2 卤31.4 ng/mL and 608.3 卤88.0 ng / mL, respectively. Ivermectin concentration below 1 ng/mL and moxigenin concentration below 10 ng/mL showed no miticidal effect. In addition, the efficacy of 10 essential oils was evaluated by exposure and fumigation. The order of efficacy of 10 essential oils in the contact experiment is: clove oil, rose oil, geranium oil, tea tree oil, lavender oil, Pinus taiwanensis oil, bitter orange oil, Yucali oil, Japanese willow oil, and 1% clove oil can kill all mites within 20 minutes. In the fumigation experiment, the order of efficacy of 10 kinds of essential oils is: tea lilac oil, Yuchali essential oil, lavender oil, rose oil, geranium oil, Japanese willow oil, orange, Pinus tabulaeformis oil, and tea tree essential oil can kill all mites in 4 minutes. We tested 11 insecticides or repellents for mites in the environment. These products include permethrin 4% and 0.6% cypermethrin, permethrin, cypermethrin and promethrin, cypermethrin, permethrin, permethrin and sumithrin, desalamines 25% and 50%, ecarridine and IR3535. The third part of the experiment is to analyze the genetic diversity of human and animal mites. Some COX1 genes are used for phylogenetic analysis. The results showed that, evolutionarily, the infected mites probably originated from dogs.
【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S852.7

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