普通小麦-冰草2P、6P附加系鉴定及优异性状基因定位

发布时间：2018-06-09 15:56

本文选题：小麦 + 冰草　；参考：《西北农林科技大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：小麦作为最主要的口粮作物之一,为人类粮食安全提供了保障。但狭窄的遗传基础已严重制约了高产、稳产、优质、多抗育种与生产发展。分析小麦进化历史和育种进程,发现远缘杂交能够有效解决这一问题。冰草属作为重要的小麦近缘属物种之一,具有抗寒性、耐旱性和一定的耐盐性。同时,对小麦主要病害,如白粉病、锈病、赤霉病、黄矮病等病害,具有很强的抗性,甚至达到免疫的程度。另外,还具有丰产性,如多花多粒多分蘖等。因此,冰草属被国际普遍认为是改良小麦的最佳外源基因组之一。李立会等创制了一系列普通小麦品种Fukuho(Triticum aestivum cv.Fukuho,2n=6x=42,AABBDD)-冰草(Agropyron cristatum(L.)Gaertn.,2n=28,PPPP)异源附加系。为了对获得的小麦-冰草异源附加系中外源染色体进行部分同源群划分以及定位其中的优异基因,本研究以小麦-冰草附加系II-7-1、II-8-1、II-9-3、II-26、II-29-1、II-30-5、5106、5113、5114、4844-12及其亲本为材料,通过基因组原位杂交(Genomic in situ hybridization,GISH)和冰草P基因组特异分子标记(Expressed sequence tags,EST;Specific length amplified fragment sequencing,SLAF-seq)鉴定,发现小麦-冰草附加系II-7-1、II-8-1、II-9-3和II-29-1中的外源染色体为2P;而II-26、II-30-5、5106、5113、5114和4844-12为小麦-冰草6P附加系。进一步对II-9-3、II-30-5和5113进行遗传群体的构建,通过遗传分析在2P上定位到一个白粉病抗性基因,6P附加系上定位到多个优异性状基因。对小麦-冰草附加系的研究为进一步利用冰草中优异基因对小麦进行遗传育种改良奠定基础。主要研究结果如下:1、小麦-冰草2P附加系的鉴定:以II-7-1、II-8-1、II-9-3和II-29-1为材料,利用细胞学观察和基因组原位杂交鉴定表明II-7-1和II-8-1为端体附加,II-9-3和II-29-1为二体附加。通过简化基因组测序获得的SLAF-seq标签序列比对确定II-7-1、II-8-1、II-9-3和II-29-1中含有的冰草染色体均是第2部分同源群,即2P染色体。进一步利用冰草特异EST标记分析发现2P染色体存在染色体重排,外源染色体(2P)重排使同一同源群的小麦-冰草异源二体附加系多于理论数目。多个小麦-冰草2P附加系为小麦遗传改良提供了新的遗传资源。2、普通小麦-冰草2P二体附加系的分子标记鉴定与白粉病抗性基因的染色体定位:通过对小麦-冰草2P二体附加系II-9-3进行鉴定,发现II-9-3含有白粉病抗性基因,且对中国几个主要麦区流行白粉菌生理小种均具有抗性。通过构建II-9-3的F1和F2群体分析发现,白粉病抗性基因来源于冰草2P染色体。该附加系的获得为小麦抗病育种提供了理想的供体材料。3、小麦-冰草6P二体附加系5113的鉴定及其优异基因的定位:通过田间性状调查发现小麦-冰草6P二体附加系5113含有多个优异性状基因,利用遗传群体结合分子标记和细胞学GISH分析发现附加系5113中控制穗长、穗下茎、分蘖数、小穗数、小穗粒数、穗粒数、旗叶大小、抗白粉病、抗叶锈病等优异基因均来自6P染色体。利用该材料创制含有目标性状基因的小片段易位系具有广泛的应用前景。4、小麦-冰草6P二体附加系II-30-5的鉴定及其优异基因的定位:以普通小麦Fukuho与冰草Z559衍生的II-30-5为材料,细胞学、基因组原位杂交和SLAF-seq标记等方法对其染色体构成进行了分析,结果表明II-30-5中冰草染色体也是第6同源群,即II-30-5为小麦-冰草6P二体附加系。田间生物学性状调查表明,II-30-5在生物学性状主要表现在旗叶短、旗叶夹角小、抗白粉病、抗叶锈病、分蘖数少、千粒重高和理想株型等方面。通过遗传群体分析表明控制旗叶长度、抗白粉病、抗叶锈病和千粒重等优异基因来自6P染色体。进一步分析了6个不同的普通小麦-冰草6P二体附加系的表型差异,利用SLAF-seq标记对6P附加系间染色体重排进行了阐述。多个6P附加系的获得为有效利用6P染色体上的优异基因对小麦进行遗传育种改良提供了更为丰富的遗传变异。
[Abstract]:Wheat, as one of the most important grain crops, provides a guarantee for human food safety. But the narrow genetic basis has seriously restricted high yield, stable yield, high quality, multi resistance breeding and production development. The evolution history and breeding process of wheat have been analyzed, and distant hybridization can effectively solve this problem. One of the species, with cold resistance, drought resistance and salt tolerance. At the same time, it has strong resistance to main diseases such as powdery mildew, rust, scab, yellow dwarf and even the degree of immunity. In addition, it also has high yield, such as multi flower and multiple tillering, and therefore, the genus agrograss is generally considered to be the improvement of wheat. One of the best foreign genomes. Li Li will create a series of common wheat varieties Fukuho (Triticum aestivum cv.Fukuho, 2n=6x=42, AABBDD) - ice grass (Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn., 2n=28, PPPP) heterologous additional lines. II-7-1, II-8-1, II-9-3, II-26, II-29-1, II-30-55106511351144844-12 and their parents were used as the excellent genes in the wheat - ice grass attached lines. Ment sequencing, SLAF-seq) identified that the exogenous chromosomes in II-7-1, II-8-1, II-9-3 and II-29-1 were 2P in wheat - agrograss additional lines, and II-26, II-30-5510651135114 and 4844-12 were the 6P appending line of wheat - ice grass. Resistance genes, 6P attached lines are located in a number of excellent trait genes. The study of wheat - ice grass addition line is the basis for further use of the excellent genes of ice grass to improve the genetic breeding of wheat. The main results are as follows: 1, identification of wheat - agrograss 2P additional line: II-7-1, II-8-1, II-9-3 and II-29-1 as materials, using cytology The observation and genomic in situ hybridization showed that II-7-1 and II-8-1 were end body addition, II-9-3 and II-29-1 were two body addition. The chromosomes of the ice grass chromosomes contained in II-8-1, II-9-3 and II-29-1 were second parts of the same source group, that is 2P chromosome. Further use of the specific E of ice grass. ST markers found chromosome rearrangement in the 2P chromosome, and the rearrangement of the exogenous chromosome (2P) made the same homologous wheat - ice grass heterologous two body additional lines more than the theoretical number. A number of wheat - agrograss 2P additional line provided a new genetic resource.2 for wheat genetic improvement, and the molecular marker identification and white powder of the common wheat - ice grass 2P two body added line The chromosomal location of the disease resistance gene: by identifying the 2P two body addition line II-9-3 of the wheat ice grass, it was found that II-9-3 contained powdery mildew resistance genes and was resistant to the small species of powdery mildew in several major wheat areas in China. The powdery mildew resistance gene was derived from the F1 and F2 population analysis of II-9-3. The powdery mildew resistance gene was derived from the 2P chromosome of the ice grass. The addition line provides an ideal donor material.3 for wheat resistance breeding, the identification of wheat - agrograss 6P two body addition line 5113 and the location of its excellent genes. Through field investigation, it is found that the wheat - ice grass 6P two body addition line 5113 contains multiple excellent trait genes, using genetic populations to combine molecular markers and cytological GISH points. It is found that the number of ear length, the number of tillers under panicle, the number of tillers, the number of spikes, the number of spikes, the number of spikes, the size of the flag leaf, the size of the flag leaf, the size of the flag leaf, the size of the flag leaf, the resistance to the leaf rust and so on are all from the 6P chromosome. The small fragment translocation system containing the target trait gene has extensive application prospect,.4, wheat - ice grass 6P two body addition line II-30-5 Identification and localization of excellent genes: the analysis of the chromosome composition of Fukuho, II-30-5 derived from common wheat and ice grass Z559, cytology, genomic in situ hybridization and SLAF-seq markers, shows that the chromosome of ice grass in II-30-5 is also sixth homologous group, that is, II-30-5 is the wheat - ice grass 6P two body addition line. The biological characters of II-30-5 showed that the main biological characters were short of flag leaf, small angle of flag leaf, powdery mildew resistance, leaf rust resistance, low number of tillers, high 1000 grain weight and ideal plant type. Genetic population analysis showed that the excellent genes of controlling flag leaf length, powdery mildew resistance, leaf rust resistance and 1000 grain weight were from the 6P chromosome. The phenotypic differences of 6 different common wheat - pagograss 6P two body addition lines were analyzed. The chromosome rearrangement of the 6P additional lines was described by SLAF-seq markers. The acquisition of multiple 6P additional lines provided a more abundant genetic variation for the improvement of wheat genetic breeding by the effective use of the excellent genes on the 6P chromosome.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S512.1

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