厌氧发酵液植物营养物质变化及吲哚乙酸代谢途径解析

发布时间：2018-06-13 19:39

本文选题：沼液 + 植物激素　；参考：《中国农业大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：厌氧发酵液(沼液)具有丰富的植物营养物质,但是对于沼液在产生,储存,和利用过程中植物营养物质的变化规律及代谢规律缺乏系统的定量分析。本文首先对比研究了不同原料批式厌氧发酵过程和半连续运行沼气工程沼液中植物激素含量的动态变化。在批式厌氧发酵过程中,赤霉素(GA3)含量增加,但随后又发生降解。30天厌氧发酵后的沼液中GA3含量(3.06～5.21 mg·L~(-1))与原料中GA3含量(1.45～4.25 mg·L~(-1))无显著差异。脱落酸(ABA)和吲哚乙酸(IAA)在整个批式发酵过程中持续的增加,30天发酵后ABA和IAA含量分别比原料显著上升了276.8%～348.1%和201.4%～435.7%。而沼气工程产生的沼液中,GA3由于半连续进料得到积累,含量(16.37～44.83 mg·L~(-1))显著高于批式实验得到的沼液。沼气工程产生的沼液中含有大量的植物激素包括GA3(16.37～44.83 mg·L~(-1))、IAA(17.38～36.84 mg·L~(-1))和ABA(13.23～35.59 mg·L~(-1)),可以对植物生长起到积极的促进作用。沼液农田施用具有季节性特征,本文对储存在不同温度下的沼液中植物营养物质含量的变化进行了定量分析。沼液在4℃储存时NH4+-N含量几乎不变,而在20℃和37℃时,分别有50%NH4+-N和85.9% NH4+-N由于NH3挥发而损失。可溶性P的损失不受温度影响,储存90天后,损失了40%-53.1%。储存在20℃和37℃储存条件下沼液中的GA3浓度分别下降了80.2%和80.7%。IAA含量在4℃,20℃和37℃储存时,IAA含量分别下降了26.2%,48.1%和70.5%。而ABA在40C和20℃下含量无明显的变化。只有在37℃下储存时,ABA略下降了22.14%。因此,GA3对温度变化最为敏感,IAA次之,而ABA相对较为稳定。由于土壤承载力的要求,农田利用后剩余的沼液必须采用一定处理技术进行养分回收与输出。本文研究了氮素回收和养分浓缩处理技术对沼液中的植物营养物质含量的影响。氨氮吹脱过程中,为增加氨氮去除率,需要提高沼液初始pH值。同时也有利于增加沼液中植物激素去除率,得到的沼液产品中TAN仅为136.76 mg·L~(-1),可溶性P 1.49 mg·L~(-1),IAA 21.12 mg·L~(-1),GA315.63 mg·L~(-1),ABA 34.83 mg·L~(-1)。真空浓缩前,为增加氮磷保留率,需要降低沼液的初始pH值。同时也增加了植物激素的保留率,得到的沼液产品中TAN浓度高达2998.07 mg·L~(-1),可溶性P 178.26 mg·L~(-1),IAA 60.87 mg·L~(-1),GA344.46 mg·L~(-1),ABA 110.90 mg·L~(-1)。实际应用时,需要根据作物种类,施用方式等综合因素选用不同的沼液处理方式。考虑到GA3对环境变化的敏感性及ABA相对的稳定,本文专门对沼液中的IAA厌氧代谢途径及调控进行深入研究。结果表明,沼液中IAA是由于厌氧微生物代谢色氨酸产生的。色氨酸在弱碱性厌氧发酵过程中代谢途径有两条,①IAA和粪臭素产生途径(IAA and Skatole Production,ISP)。在此途径中,色氨酸首先生成IAA,随后转化为粪臭素。额外的碳源可以促进ISP途径进行(53.2%),同时抑制粪臭素的产生,使其含量降低94.7%。提高IAA的浓度。②吲哚的产生及矿化途径(Indole Production and Mineralization, IPM)。此途径中色氨酸直接降解为吲哚。外源的氨基酸能够显著的促进吲哚的矿化,导致吲哚含量显著下降了88.1%。因此,外源碳源和氨基酸理论上可以调控IAA的产生和吲哚的矿化。
[Abstract]:Anaerobic fermentation liquid (marsh liquid) has abundant plant nutrients, but there is a lack of systematic quantitative analysis on the changes and metabolic rules of plant nutrients in the production, storage and utilization of biogas liquid. Firstly, the batch anaerobic fermentation process of different raw materials and the plant excitation in the semi continuous biogas engineering are studied in this paper. In batch anaerobic fermentation, the content of gibberellin (GA3) increased, but there was no significant difference between the content of GA3 (3.06 ~ 5.21 mg. L~ (-1)) and the GA3 content (1.45 to 4.25 mg. L~ (-1)) in the biogas liquid after anaerobic fermentation for.30 days after degradation. The content of abscisic acid (ABA) and indolyl acetic acid (IAA) was in the whole batch fermentation process. After 30 days of fermentation, the content of ABA and IAA increased by 276.8% to 348.1% and 201.4% ~ 435.7%., respectively. In the biogas slurry produced by biogas engineering, GA3 was accumulated by semi continuous feed, and the content (16.37 to 44.83 mg. L~ (-1)) was significantly higher than that obtained by the batch experiment. There were a lot of biogas slurry produced by biogas engineering. Plant hormones, including GA3 (16.37 ~ 44.83 mg. L~ (-1)), IAA (17.38 to 36.84 mg L~ (-1)) and ABA (13.23 to 35.59 mg. L~ (-1)), can play an active role in promoting plant growth. The application of biogas slurry has seasonal characteristics. The quantitative analysis of the change of plant nutrient content in the biogas liquid stored at different temperatures is carried out in this paper. The content of NH4+-N was almost invariable at 4 C, while the loss of 50%NH4+-N and 85.9% NH4+-N due to NH3 volatilization at 20 and 37 C. The loss of soluble P was not affected by the temperature. After storage, the GA3 concentration in the slurry was reduced by 80.2% and 80.7%.IAA content, respectively, under the storage of 40%-53.1%. at 20 and 37. When stored at 4, 20 and 37, the content of IAA decreased by 26.2%, 48.1% and 70.5%., and the content of ABA had no obvious change at 40C and 20. Only at 37 C, ABA decreased slightly by 22.14%., so GA3 was most sensitive to temperature change, IAA time, and ABA relatively stable. The effects of nitrogen recovery and nutrient concentration on the content of plant nutrients in biogas slurry are studied in this paper. In order to increase the removal rate of ammonia and nitrogen in the process of ammonia nitrogen removal, it is necessary to increase the initial pH value of the biogas liquid and increase the rate of plant hormone removal in the biogas slurry. TAN is only 136.76 mg / L~ (-1), soluble P 1.49 mg. L~ (-1), IAA 21.12 mg / L~ (-1), 34.83 for increasing the retention of nitrogen and phosphorus before vacuum concentration. 8.07 mg / L~ (-1), soluble P 178.26 mg. L~ (-1), IAA 60.87 mg L~ (-1), GA344.46 110.90. The anaerobic metabolic pathway and regulation of AA were studied in depth. The results showed that IAA was produced by tryptophan in anaerobic microorganism. There were two pathways in the metabolic pathway of tryptophan in the weak alkaline anaerobic fermentation process: (1) IAA and the production pathway of IAA and Skatole Production, ISP. In this way, tryptophan first generated IAA and then turned. The additional carbon source can promote the ISP pathway (53.2%), while inhibiting the production of the spur, and reducing the content of 94.7%. to increase the concentration of IAA. 2. The production of indole and the mineralization pathway (Indole Production and Mineralization, IPM). The tryptophan is directly degraded into indole. The mineralization of indole causes the content of indole to decrease significantly by 88.1%.. Therefore, exogenous carbon sources and amino acids can theoretically regulate the production of IAA and the mineralization of indole.
【学位授予单位】：中国农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S216.4;S184

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