混交比例对竹阔混交林种间关系影响的研究

发布时间：2018-06-16 02:30

本文选题：竹阔混交林经营 + 毛竹地上生物量　；参考：《中国林业科学研究院》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：毛竹(Phyllostachys edulis)是一种用途广泛,经济价值高的竹种,竹阔混交林是一种优良的竹木混交经营模式。本研究以福建省永安市天宝岩自然保护区的竹阔混交林为研究对象,采用阔叶树冠幅垂直投影面积占样方面积的百分比作为混交比例,设置10种不同混交比:5%~10%、10%~15%、15%~20%、20%~25%、25%~30%、30%~35%、35%~40%、40%~45%、45%~50%和50%以上,以物种竞争理论为基础,结合毛竹地上生物量指标,从树种间的生态关系,林分生物多样性与稳定性,空间分布格局及关联性,空间均质性评价和物种竞争效应,五个方面综合分析和比较不同混交比例竹阔混交林的差异,揭示混交比例对竹阔混交林及其种间关系的影响。最后从混交林经营角度,根据不同经营目的,推荐适宜的混交比例和与毛竹共生关系较好的伴生树种,并通过SVS软件可视化呈现,为竹阔混交林经营指导奠定良好的理论和实践基础。主要结果如下:(1)生态位研究中,米锥、栲树、拟赤杨作为毛竹优势伴生树种,具有较高的重要值,分布广且占资源位比例高,对资源利用充分,环境适应能力强,生态位宽度大,与毛竹能协同共生,同时当环境资源不足时发生种间竞争的可能性也大。(2)生物多样性及稳定性指数的情况:冠幅比例越高的样地,混交度越高,毛竹密度越低,生物多样性越高;坡度越高的地方,更新层多样性偏高;上坡位较下坡位的生物多样性高;空间分布趋于随机分布时,生物多样性较高,趋于聚集分布时,生物多样性较低;阔叶树密度在所有对生物多样性影响的因子中具有显著地位。对林分稳定性影响因子中权重较高的依次为阔叶树密度、阔叶树平均胸径与均高、坡度、海拔,其次为毛竹平均胸径与平均竹高。生物多样性的增加,一定程度上改善了林分稳定性,稳定性以混交比例20%~30%和40%以上的林分较强。(3)空间分布及关联的研究中,混交比例的变化对竹高结构的影响较毛竹径阶结构大,竹阔混交林的空间分布格局随着混交比例的增加,聚集分布范围逐渐降低,在混交比例大于45%时,空间分布格局明显趋于随机分布。毛竹与阔叶树在空间上的关联性不强,当混交比例过大时,两者反应出了一定的正相关。在聚集尺度下,阔叶树的出现对毛竹胸径的正效应影响发生在低混交水平的林分中,当混交比例过大时,则阔叶树的出现对毛竹胸径无作用效应。(4)空间均质性研究中,首次构建了竹阔混交林空间均质性评价体系,空间均质性指数的参数与其关联性大小依次为竞争指数混交度空间密度指数开阔比角尺度大小比数。混交比例为25%~30%(5号样地)的林分空间结构较好,其生态系统较均匀,评价等级最高;3号和4号样地的评价等级较其低一级,但由于其毛竹地上生物量均较5号样地高,因此混交比例为15%~20%的3号样地和混交比例20%~25%的4号样地的林分综合效益更好。(5)竞争效应研究中,毛竹种内竞争在全林分竞争中具有显著地位,两者在混交比例15%~20%时达到最大,随后呈下降趋势。当混交比例40%时,种间竞争效应大于毛竹种内竞争。单木有效竞争效应半径为3m,最大影响范围达6m。阔叶树对毛竹平均胸径的影响中,酸枣影响最小,其次拟赤杨、香樟,影响最大的为檫木、楠木。阔叶树对毛竹平均竞争指数的影响以米锥最大,其次是酸枣、栲树,拟赤杨最小。阔叶树对毛竹单位面积上的株数影响,以酸枣影响最小,毛竹株数达0.32株/m2,其次为香樟0.29株/m2、米锥0.26株/m2,木荷对其影响最大。(6)通径分析中,毛竹地上生物量与毛竹密度关系密切,相互作为对方的最强总作用因子,而冠幅比与两者都呈现负相关,具有最大负向总作用;毛竹平均竹高与毛竹平均胸径关系密切,相互作为对方的最强总作用因子,空间均质性指数对两者主要通过间接作用影响,而直接作用较小,其中对毛竹平均竹高呈现正向直接作用,对毛竹平均胸径呈现负向直接作用。冠幅比主要受种间竞争和毛竹种内竞争的影响,其中种间竞争对其起正向直接作用,毛竹种内竞争对其起负向直接作用。(7)竹阔混交林经营指导策略,按照不同的经营目的,以生态效益为主的竹阔混交林经营,建议混交比例不宜低于25%,其空间均质性评价最好(4级),林分稳定性强;毛竹地上生物量为45057kg/hm2。以经济效益为主的竹阔混交林经营,建议混交比例不宜高于20%,其空间均质性评价较好(3级),毛竹地上生物量可达69594kg/hm2;兼顾生态效益与经济效益的竹阔混交林经营,建议混交比例在20%~25%较为合适,其林分空间均质性评价也是较好(3级),林分稳定性强,毛竹地上生物量达到60378kg/hm2,较混交比例15%~20%的林分降低13%,较混交比例25%~30%的林分提高34%。关于毛竹伴生树种的选择,建议首选酸枣和拟赤杨,其次香樟和米锥,在上述建议的混交比例下,均可与毛竹形成良好协同的共生关系,但应通过整枝人为控制冠幅,科学调整混交比例。
[Abstract]:Phyllostachys edulis is a kind of bamboo species with wide use and high economic value. The mixed forest of bamboo and broad-leaved mixed forest is a good mixed mode of mixed management of bamboo and wood. This study takes the mixed forest of bamboos in Tianbao rock natural reserve, Yongan, Fujian as the research object, and uses the percentage of the broad leaf crown vertical projection area as the percentage of the sample area as the mixing. Proportion, set 10 different mixing ratios: 5%~10%, 10%~15%, 15%~20%, 20%~25%, 25%~30%, 30%~35%, 35%~40%, 40%~45%, 45%~50% and more than 50%. Based on the theory of species competition, the ecological relationship among trees, the diversity and stability of the tree species, the spatial distribution pattern and the correlation, the spatial homogeneity evaluation and the evaluation of the spatial homogeneity, are based on the theory of species competition. The effect of species competition was analyzed and compared in five aspects. The influence of mixed proportion on mixed forest and its interspecific relationship was revealed. Finally, according to the management angle of mixed forest, suitable mixed proportion and better associated species of symbiotic relationship with Phyllostachys pubescens were recommended according to different management purposes, and through SV The visual presentation of S software has laid a good theoretical and practical basis for the management guidance of mixed bamboo and broad-leaved forest. The main results are as follows: (1) in the niche study, the rice cone, tankam tree, and P. pranesii are the dominant associated species of the bamboo. It has high important value, is widely distributed and occupies a higher ratio of resources. It is full of resources, strong environmental adaptability and ecological niche. (2) the higher the proportion of the crown proportion, the higher the mixed degree, the lower the density of the bamboo, the higher the biodiversity; the higher the degree of the slope, the higher the diversity of the renewal layer, the lower slope of the upslope position. When the spatial distribution tends to be random distribution, the biodiversity is high, and the biodiversity is low when the diversity is higher. The density of broad-leaved tree has a significant position in all factors affecting the biological diversity. The higher weight of the influence factors on the stability of the stand is the broad-leaved tree density and the average DBH of the broad-leaved tree. Height, slope, altitude, and the average DBH and average height of bamboo. The increase of biological diversity, to a certain extent, improved the stability of the stand, and the stability was stronger in the mixed proportion 20%~30% and more than 40%. (3) in the study of spatial distribution and association, the influence of mixed ratio on the structure of bamboo height was larger than that of bamboo. The spatial distribution pattern of the mixed forest was gradually reduced with the increase of mixed proportion. When the mixed proportion was more than 45%, the spatial distribution pattern was obviously random distribution. The relationship between the bamboo and the broadleaf tree was not strong. When the mixed proportion was too large, the two had a positive correlation. The emergence of leaf trees has a positive effect on the diameter of Phyllostachys pubescens. When the mixed proportion is too large, the emergence of the broad-leaved tree has no effect on the diameter of the bamboo. (4) in the study of spatial homogeneity, the spatial homogeneity evaluation system, the parameters of the spatial homogeneity index and its correlation size were constructed for the first time in the study of the spatial homogeneity. In turn, the spatial density index of the competition index mixed degree space density index is open to the angle size ratio. The stand space structure of the mixed proportion is 25%~30% (No. 5) is better, its ecosystem is more uniform and the evaluation grade is the highest. The evaluation grade of No. 3 and 4 is lower than that of it, but because the biomass of the bamboo land is higher than that of the 5, so the mixture is mixed. In the study of competition effect, the intraspecific competition of Phyllostachys pubescens has a significant position in the whole stand competition. (5) in the study of competition effect, the competition effect of the 3 is the largest in the mixed proportion of 15%~20%, and then it is the biggest and then descends. When the mixed proportion is 40%, the interspecific competition effect is greater than that of the Phyllostachys pubescens. Competition. The effective competition effect radius of single wood is 3M, and the maximum influence range is the influence of 6m. broadleaf tree to the average DBH of Mao bamboo, the influence of sour jujube is the smallest, followed by the Chinese Sassafras, nanmu, nanmu and Phoebe. The influence of the broadleaf tree on the average competition index of the bamboo is the biggest, the second is the sour jujube, the tankam, the smallest. The influence of bamboo unit area number of plant number was the smallest, the number of bamboo trees reached 0.32 /m2, followed by 0.29 strains of camphor, 0.26 /m2, and the biggest effect was the lotus. (6) in the path analysis, the biomass of the bamboo land was closely related to the density of the bamboo, and each other was the strongest total factor of each other, while the crown ratio and the two were both negative. The average bamboo height has the greatest negative overall effect, and the average bamboo height of the bamboo is closely related to the average breast diameter of the bamboo, and it acts as the strongest total action factor of each other. The spatial homogeneity index is mainly influenced by the indirect effect, but the direct effect is smaller. The average bamboo height of the bamboo is positive directly, and the average diameter of the bamboo is negative straight to the bamboo. The crown ratio is mainly influenced by interspecific competition and intraspecific competition in Phyllostachys pubescens, among which interspecific competition has a direct direct effect on it, and the internal competition of Phyllostachys pubescens plays a direct role in its negative direction. (7) the management strategy of the mixed forest and broad-leaved forest is not suitable for the mixed forest management in accordance with the different operating purposes and the ecological benefit of the mixed forest. Under 25%, the spatial homogeneity evaluation was best (4 grade), and the stability of the stand was strong; the aboveground biomass of Phyllostachys pubescens was 45057kg/hm2. based on the economic benefit of bamboo broad-leaved mixed forest. It was suggested that the mixed proportion should not be higher than 20%, the spatial homogeneity evaluation was better (3), the biomass of the bamboo land could reach 69594kg/hm2. The mixed forest management suggested that the mixed proportion was more suitable in 20%~25%, and the spatial homogeneity evaluation of the stand was also good (3 grade), the stand stability was strong, the biomass of the bamboo ground was 60378kg/hm2, the forest score of the mixed proportion 15%~20% was 13%, and the stand of the mixed proportion of 25%~30% was better than the choice of 34%. on the accompanying tree of bamboo. Ziziphus jujube and P. pryonus, followed by camphor and rice cone, can form a good co-occurrence relationship with Mao Bamboo under the mixed proportion of the above suggestions, but it should be scientifically adjusted to adjust the mixed proportion through the artificial control of the crown.
【学位授予单位】：中国林业科学研究院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S750

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