河南石灰性土壤积钙特征及其土系划分研究

发布时间：2018-06-18 03:58

本文选题：土壤系统分类 + 钙积层　；参考：《中国地质大学(北京)》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：中国土壤系统分类建立了亚类以上的高级单元分类标准与检索,但是在基层分类研究方面尚待系统建立和完善,尤其作为我国北方农耕土壤的主体之一,石灰性土壤广泛地分布在我国半干润地区。在这类土壤中,积钙过程往往受母质、地形、水分、植被以及人类活动的影响,具有不同的发育强度和剖面形态特征。因此,在对这类土壤进行实证研究并探讨基层分类的划分方法,将有益于我们进一步在高级分类单元和基层分类单元中描述、解释和利用土壤,推动土壤系统分类的进展。本研究以河南半干润土壤水分状况的石灰性土壤作为研究对象,以土壤调查和室内分析数据为基础,分析石灰性土壤中的积钙过程的特征,并尝试从高级分类单元的检索和分类以及基层分类的方法角度,探讨如何在高级、基层分类中认识和划分石灰性土壤;并基于土壤-景观模型,通过样区的实证研究,探索石灰性土壤的不同土系在景观中的特征。研究发现,本文选取的弱发育石灰性土壤在《中国土壤系统分类(第三版)》中,以石灰底锈干润雏形土和普通简育干润雏形土为主;而后者包含的土壤中,具有钙积层、钙积现象和石灰性等不同的积钙过程和剖面形态特征。从成土环境角度分析,石灰性土壤的积钙过程主要受到母质类型、地形(海拔、坡度)、水分条件等影响,尤其在山地、丘陵及岗地区,钙积层更多地发育在坡脚、洪冲积扇下缘等物质汇聚的地形部位。在基层分类中,结合河南省土壤特征,提出“特定土层”的涵义、成因划分及半定量化的表达,阐述了“土系划分的逻辑方法”,以规范土系的划分工作;并据此,对研究区内的石灰性土壤共划分了26个土族、40个土系。同时,在小样区(郑州)建立了典型土系与景观的环境要素组合的特征。本研究首先提出了对“钙积层”的修订建议,即首先检索可辨认次生碳酸盐的体积是否满足钙积层的要求,然后再检索碳酸钙含量是否满足钙积层的要求。其次,首次提出在普通简育干润雏形土亚类中,新增一个“钙积简育干润雏形土”亚类,以区分土体中钙积层有无的土壤,为《中国土壤系统分类(第四版)》提供依据。在高级单元划分基础上,新建的26个土族和40个土系代表了河南地区典型石灰性土壤在基层分类中的主要剖面形态特征。通过野外验证说明,已有的景观推理结果基本反映了典型土系在研究区的主要分布范围和相应的环境要素阈值;同时,验证过程中也发现,推理结果并不能完全与现实土壤的分布情况相一致。
[Abstract]:Chinese soil system classification has established the classification standard and retrieval of advanced units above subclasses, but it needs to be systematically established and perfected in the field of grass-roots taxonomy, especially as one of the main parts of agricultural soils in northern China. Calcareous soils are widely distributed in semi-dry areas of China. In this kind of soil, the process of calcium accumulation is often affected by parent material, topography, water, vegetation and human activities, and has different developmental intensity and profile characteristics. Therefore, it will be helpful for us to describe, interpret and utilize soil in the high-level classification unit and the basic level classification unit in order to promote the progress of soil system classification in the empirical study of this kind of soil and to discuss the classification method of basic level classification. In this study, calcareous soils with moisture status in semi-dry soils of Henan Province were taken as research objects, and the characteristics of calcium accumulation in calcareous soils were analyzed on the basis of soil investigation and laboratory analysis data. From the point of view of the retrieval and classification of advanced classification units and the method of basic level classification, this paper discusses how to recognize and divide calcareous soil in high-level and basic-level classification, and based on the soil-landscape model, through the empirical study of sample areas. To explore the characteristics of different soil systems in the landscape of calcareous soil. It is found that the weak calcareous soils selected in this paper in the third edition of the Chinese soil system mainly consist of rust-dry rust-dried embryonic soils with lime bottom and common simple dry soils, while the latter contains calcium accumulations in the soils. Calcium accumulation phenomena and calcareous characteristics of different calcium accumulation processes and profiles. From the point of view of soil-forming environment, the calcium accumulation process of calcareous soil is mainly affected by parent material type, topography (elevation, slope, water condition, etc.), especially in mountainous, hilly and hillock areas, where the calcium accumulation layer is more developed at the foot of the slope. The topographic site where the materials converge, such as the lower edge of the flood alluvial fan. In the basic level classification, combined with the soil characteristics of Henan Province, this paper puts forward the meaning, origin division and semi-quantitative expression of "special soil layer", and expounds "logical method of soil series division" in order to standardize the division of soil series, and accordingly, The calcareous soils in the study area were divided into 26 Tus and 40 soil series. At the same time, the characteristics of the combination of environmental elements of typical soil series and landscape were established in the small sample area (Zhengzhou). In this study, we first proposed a revised proposal for the "calcium accumulation layer", that is, to search for whether the volume of the recognizable secondary carbonate meets the requirements of the calcium accumulation layer, and then to search whether the calcium carbonate content meets the requirements of the calcium accumulation layer. Secondly, it is proposed for the first time that a new subclass of "calcareous simple dry soil" should be added to the subclass of ordinary simple dry soil to distinguish the soil with or without calcium accumulation layer, which provides the basis for the classification of Chinese soil system (fourth edition). On the basis of advanced unit division, 26 Turkish and 40 new soil series represent the main profile characteristics of typical calcareous soils in Henan Province. Field verification shows that the existing landscape reasoning results basically reflect the main distribution range of typical soil series in the study area and the corresponding threshold value of environmental elements, and at the same time, during the verification process, it is also found that, The result of reasoning is not completely consistent with the distribution of real soil.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S155

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