嫁接提高辣椒根腐病和青枯病抗性的机理研究
发布时间：2018-07-21 18:26
【摘要】：辣椒(Capsicum annuum L.)是我国设施栽培的主要蔬菜之一。当前,在设施辣椒生产中,连作障碍和土传病害(如根腐病、青枯病等)日趋严重,是限制其高产增收和安全生产的重要因素。本文以根系发达的半野生型辣椒‘卫士’(WS)与‘部野丁’(BYD)为砧木,以‘新丰2号’(XF)为接穗,‘新丰2号’的自根嫁接苗(XF/XF)为对照(CK),研究嫁接对辣椒根际土壤环境的变化及其与根腐病和青枯病抗性的关系;并通过人工接种的方法,研究嫁接辣椒的抗病机理。主要研究结果如下:1.嫁接辣椒新丰/卫士(XF/WS)与新丰/部野丁(XF/BYD)根际土壤的电导率(EC)略高,XF/WS的pH较明显高于CK,而XF/BYD多与CK差异不显著;XF/WS和XF/BYD根际土壤N、P、K含量显著低于CK,真菌和放线菌数量较多,放线菌比例较大,根际土壤磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶、硝酸还原酶(NR)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性多高于CK,根际土壤浸提液中的烃类化合物增多。说明嫁接可优化辣椒根际土壤环境,增强土传病害抗性,XF/WS和XF/BYD产量分别比CK增加40.8%和28.7%。2.接种根腐和青枯病菌前,XF/WS和XF/BYD的根系生物量和根系活力显著大于CK,吸收面积与活跃吸收面积与CK差异不显著。接种后,侵入嫁接辣椒根系的根腐病菌(腐皮镰孢菌Fusarium solani)和青枯病菌(假单胞杆菌Ralstonia solanacearum)明显少于侵入自根辣椒的,因此,嫁接辣椒的根系受伤较轻,细胞结构保持基本完整,发病率和病情指数低于CK,根系生物量、吸收面积和活跃吸收面积及根系活力的降低幅度均明显小于CK,说明嫁接辣椒根系发达,能有效抑制病菌侵入,这可能是其抗病性增强的重要原因之一。3.接种根腐和青枯病菌后,嫁接辣椒的过氧化氢(H2O2)、丙二醛(MDA)和电解质渗漏率(EL)的增加幅度显著小于CK,过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性及抗抗坏血酸(AsA)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)和α-生育酚(α-TOC)含量明显高于CK,说明嫁接可通过增强抗氧化系统活性减轻根腐和青枯病菌侵入引起的脂质过氧化伤害。4.接种根腐和青枯病菌后嫁接辣椒的水杨酸(SA)、香草醛、木质素、多胺含量及苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性均高于CK。表明嫁接可通过增强次生代谢相关酶活性加速辣椒根系的次生代谢,从而形成较多的酚酸类物质和木质素,加固机械屏障,增强抵御能力,减轻病菌对组织细胞的伤害。5.砧木、嫁接和自根辣椒根系分泌物的组分存在较大差异,砧木和嫁接辣椒的根系分泌物可抑制F.solani和R.solanacearum的生长,促进黄瓜种子萌发和根系生长,减轻对番茄种子萌发和根系生长的化感抑制效应,表明嫁接辣椒根系分泌物组分变化是抑制病原菌生长和繁殖,减轻土传病害的重要机理之一。6.通过对砧木、嫁接和自根辣椒根系分泌物组分分析,推测砧木和嫁接辣椒根系分泌物对病原菌生长的抑制作用可能与邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯和二苯并呋喃有关。经功能鉴定证明,0.2 ml·L-1的邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯和0.1 g·L-1的二苯并呋喃可降低辣椒发病率,产量分别比CK高31.7%和38.3%。
[Abstract]:Capsicum annuum L. is one of the main vegetables in the plant cultivation in China. In the production of capsicum, the continuous cropping obstacle and soil borne disease (such as root rot, bacterial wilt, etc.) are becoming more and more serious. It is an important factor to limit its high yield and increase and increase and increase its safety. In this paper, the semi wild type of Pepper 'guard' (WS) and 'DIN' are developed in this paper. (BYD) to study the change of soil environment in the rhizosphere of chili and the relationship with root rot and bacterial wilt resistance, the root rot and the resistance of root rot and bacterial wilt were studied with "Xinfeng 2 '(XF)" as scion and' Xinfeng 2 'self root grafted seedlings (XF/XF) as the control (CK). The main results were as follows: 1. grafting. The electrical conductivity (EC) of the rhizosphere soil of pepper Xinfeng / guard (XF/WS) and Xinfeng / Department wild Ding (XF/BYD) was slightly higher than that of CK, and the difference between XF/BYD and CK was not significant. XF/WS and XF/BYD rhizosphere soil N, P, were significantly lower than those of CK. Fungi and actinomycetes were more, actinomycetes were larger, and rhizosphere soil phosphatase, invertase, urease, nitric acid were also found. The activity of the original enzyme (NR), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) was much higher than that of CK, and the hydrocarbon compounds in the rhizosphere soil extracts increased. It indicated that grafting could optimize the soil environment of the rhizosphere and enhance the resistance to soil borne diseases. The yield of XF/WS and XF/BYD increased by 40.8% and 28.7%.2. was inoculated with root rot and bacterial wilt, respectively, and the roots of XF/WS and XF/BYD. The biomass and root activity were significantly greater than that of CK, and there was no significant difference between the absorption area and the active absorption area and CK. After inoculation, the root rot pathogen (Fusarium oxysporum Fusarium solani) and bacterial wilt (Pseudomonas aeruginosa Ralstonia solanacearum) intruded into the root of the grafted capsicum were significantly less than that of the root capsicum, so the root injury of the grafted capsicum was better than that of the root. The cell structure remained basically intact, the incidence and disease index were lower than CK, the root biomass, the absorption area, the active absorption area and the root activity decreased significantly less than CK, indicating that the roots of the grafted capsicum were well developed and could effectively inhibit the invasion of the pathogen, which may be one of the important reasons for the enhancement of its resistance to disease,.3. inoculation and blight. After the bacteria, the increase of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) and electrolyte leakage rate (EL) was significantly lower than that of CK, catalase (CAT), ascorbic acid peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) activity and anti ascorbic acid (AsA), and the content of the prototype glutathione (GSH) and alpha tocopherol (alpha -TOC) was significantly higher than that of CK. It can be achieved by enhancing antioxidant system activity to reduce the lipid peroxidation injury caused by root rot and bacterial bacterial invasion in.4. inoculation with root rot and bacterial wilt bacteria, after inoculation of SA, vanillin, lignin, polyamine content and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) activity above CK. Grafting can accelerate secondary metabolism of chilli roots by enhancing secondary metabolism related enzymes, thus forming more phenolic acids and lignin, strengthening mechanical barriers, enhancing resistance and reducing the damage to tissue cells by.5. rootstock. There are great differences in the components of graft and root secretions from root capsicum, rootstock and grafting. The root exudates of pepper can inhibit the growth of F.solani and R.solanacearum, promote the germination and root growth of cucumber, reduce the inhibition effect on the germination and root growth of tomato, which indicates that the change of the root exudates of the grafted pepper is one of the important mechanisms of inhibiting the growth and propagation of the pathogenic bacteria and reducing the soil borne diseases by.6.. Analysis of rootstock, grafting and root exudates of self root capsicum, the inhibitory effect of rootstock and grafted pepper root exudates on the growth of pathogenic bacteria may be related to the two isooctyl and two benzofuran of phthalate two formate. It is proved by functional identification that 0.2 ml. L-1, two ISO Octyl and 0.1 g. L-1 of two benzofuran can be reduced. The incidence of pepper was 31.7% and 38.3%. higher than that of CK, respectively.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S436.418
本文编号：2136416
[Abstract]:Capsicum annuum L. is one of the main vegetables in the plant cultivation in China. In the production of capsicum, the continuous cropping obstacle and soil borne disease (such as root rot, bacterial wilt, etc.) are becoming more and more serious. It is an important factor to limit its high yield and increase and increase and increase its safety. In this paper, the semi wild type of Pepper 'guard' (WS) and 'DIN' are developed in this paper. (BYD) to study the change of soil environment in the rhizosphere of chili and the relationship with root rot and bacterial wilt resistance, the root rot and the resistance of root rot and bacterial wilt were studied with "Xinfeng 2 '(XF)" as scion and' Xinfeng 2 'self root grafted seedlings (XF/XF) as the control (CK). The main results were as follows: 1. grafting. The electrical conductivity (EC) of the rhizosphere soil of pepper Xinfeng / guard (XF/WS) and Xinfeng / Department wild Ding (XF/BYD) was slightly higher than that of CK, and the difference between XF/BYD and CK was not significant. XF/WS and XF/BYD rhizosphere soil N, P, were significantly lower than those of CK. Fungi and actinomycetes were more, actinomycetes were larger, and rhizosphere soil phosphatase, invertase, urease, nitric acid were also found. The activity of the original enzyme (NR), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) was much higher than that of CK, and the hydrocarbon compounds in the rhizosphere soil extracts increased. It indicated that grafting could optimize the soil environment of the rhizosphere and enhance the resistance to soil borne diseases. The yield of XF/WS and XF/BYD increased by 40.8% and 28.7%.2. was inoculated with root rot and bacterial wilt, respectively, and the roots of XF/WS and XF/BYD. The biomass and root activity were significantly greater than that of CK, and there was no significant difference between the absorption area and the active absorption area and CK. After inoculation, the root rot pathogen (Fusarium oxysporum Fusarium solani) and bacterial wilt (Pseudomonas aeruginosa Ralstonia solanacearum) intruded into the root of the grafted capsicum were significantly less than that of the root capsicum, so the root injury of the grafted capsicum was better than that of the root. The cell structure remained basically intact, the incidence and disease index were lower than CK, the root biomass, the absorption area, the active absorption area and the root activity decreased significantly less than CK, indicating that the roots of the grafted capsicum were well developed and could effectively inhibit the invasion of the pathogen, which may be one of the important reasons for the enhancement of its resistance to disease,.3. inoculation and blight. After the bacteria, the increase of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) and electrolyte leakage rate (EL) was significantly lower than that of CK, catalase (CAT), ascorbic acid peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) activity and anti ascorbic acid (AsA), and the content of the prototype glutathione (GSH) and alpha tocopherol (alpha -TOC) was significantly higher than that of CK. It can be achieved by enhancing antioxidant system activity to reduce the lipid peroxidation injury caused by root rot and bacterial bacterial invasion in.4. inoculation with root rot and bacterial wilt bacteria, after inoculation of SA, vanillin, lignin, polyamine content and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) activity above CK. Grafting can accelerate secondary metabolism of chilli roots by enhancing secondary metabolism related enzymes, thus forming more phenolic acids and lignin, strengthening mechanical barriers, enhancing resistance and reducing the damage to tissue cells by.5. rootstock. There are great differences in the components of graft and root secretions from root capsicum, rootstock and grafting. The root exudates of pepper can inhibit the growth of F.solani and R.solanacearum, promote the germination and root growth of cucumber, reduce the inhibition effect on the germination and root growth of tomato, which indicates that the change of the root exudates of the grafted pepper is one of the important mechanisms of inhibiting the growth and propagation of the pathogenic bacteria and reducing the soil borne diseases by.6.. Analysis of rootstock, grafting and root exudates of self root capsicum, the inhibitory effect of rootstock and grafted pepper root exudates on the growth of pathogenic bacteria may be related to the two isooctyl and two benzofuran of phthalate two formate. It is proved by functional identification that 0.2 ml. L-1, two ISO Octyl and 0.1 g. L-1 of two benzofuran can be reduced. The incidence of pepper was 31.7% and 38.3%. higher than that of CK, respectively.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S436.418
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