DTA-6和S3307对大豆花荚脱落的调控
发布时间：2018-08-07 15:26
【摘要】：大豆是我国重要的粮油兼用作物。大幅度提高大豆单产和产能,是弥补我国大豆需求缺口、增强自给能力、保障国家粮食安全的主要措施。而花荚脱落率过高是影响大豆产量和产能降低的主要因素之一。因此,研究大豆花荚脱落的机理,找到解决方法,对提高大豆单产和产能具有十分重要的意义。针对大豆生产中花荚脱落率高的问题,本文对比研究了两类调节剂对大豆花荚脱落的调控效应及机理,旨在为建立大豆化控栽培工程和高产高效栽培提供新思路。本文选用促进型的2-N、N-二乙氨基乙基己酸酯(Diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate,DTA-6)和延缓型的烯效唑(Uniconazole,S3307)为供试调节剂,以亚有限大豆品种绥农28、垦丰16和合丰50为供试品种。2012年大田小区试验主要进行了调节剂浓度筛选,于R1(始花)期叶喷DTA-6(浓度15 mg·L~(-1),30 mg·L~(-1),60mg·L~(-1),120 mg·L~(-1)),S3307(浓度25 mg·L~(-1),50 mg·L~(-1),75 mg·L~(-1),100 mg·L~(-1)),以喷施清水(CK)为对照。通过统计花荚脱落情况和产量确定两类调节剂最适宜喷施浓度。2013年依据2012年筛选的结果,R1期调节剂DTA-6应用剂量为60 mg·L~(-1),S3307应用剂量为50 mg·L~(-1),以清水为对照,进一步从大豆花荚脱落率、同化物代谢、内源激素、花荚脱落关键酶活性和离层脱落纤维素酶基因表达方面进行了多方位研究。本研究从形态—生理—分子水平系统揭示调节剂减少大豆花荚脱落的机理,突破了以往研究中只局限于花荚脱落的某一方面的单一研究,与以往同类研究相比,本研究更为深入和系统。研究得出以下结论:1.DTA-6和S3307调控了花荚脱落、大豆产量及构成因素。(1)DTA-6和S3307能够显著调控大豆花荚脱落;DTA-6 60 mg·L~(-1)降低花荚脱落率7.16%-9.52%,实现增产9.70%~(-1)7.41%;S3307 50 mg·L~(-1)降低花荚脱落率-6.71-9.74%,增产7.26%~(-1)4.68%。(2)DTA-6和S3307均增加了3个大豆品种的单株荚数,提高了大豆植株的座荚数,其中S3307处理作用效果较CK提高17.81%。整体上S3307降低了荚粒数,较CK降低1.58%;DTA-6在垦丰16品种较CK增加荚粒数1.68%。百粒重相对稳定,处理和CK差异不显著。(3)2012年产量整体上DTA-6S3307CK,2013年产量S3307DTA-6CK,差异显著。最终表现为DTA-6和S3307能够调控花荚脱落,显著增加产量(平均增产12.34%)。2.DTA-6和S3307总体上降低了存留荚丙二醛(Methane Dicarboxylic Aldehyde,MDA)含量,提高了超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化物酶(Peroxidase,POD)活性,在绥农28和垦丰16鼓粒中早期,合丰50鼓粒后期阶段性降低了脱落纤维素酶(Abscission cellulose,AC)和多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(Polygalacturonase,PG)活性,S3307效果优于DTA-6。随着荚发育的推进,各个处理脱落荚中MDA、SOD、POD、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质含量(或活性)显著高于存留荚,AC、PG活性显著低于存留荚。DTA-6和S3307存留和脱落荚相关指标存在差异,表现为脱落荚比存留荚质膜过氧化作用增强,保护酶系统的平衡被破坏,可溶性物质增加,脱落酶活性降低。3.减少花荚脱落的DTA-6和S3307处理与花荚脱落多的对照生理差异:(1)DTA-6和S3307处理增加了大豆叶片、荚皮和籽粒赤霉素(Gibberellin,GA3)含量,降低了叶片、荚皮和籽粒脱落酸(Abscisic acid,ABA)含量,提高了叶片、荚皮和籽粒中GA/ABA比值。(2)DTA-6降低脱落纤维素酶基因表达量(GmAC)最多的是绥农28(51.00%),S3307降低GmAC最多的是垦丰16(47.34%),DTA-6和S3307均表现出抑制GmAC的作用。(3)DTA-6和S3307提高了荚皮保护酶作用效果;总体上降低了荚皮MDA含量,提高了SOD和POD活性,其中S3307效果优于DTA-6。(4)DTA-6和S3307降低了喷药后7d叶片转化酶活性;降低了喷药后21d花蕾、幼荚的转化酶活性,提高了喷药后42d荚皮中转化酶活性。DTA-6在喷药后35d降低了籽粒转化酶活性,S3307降低了喷药后42d籽粒转化酶活性。DTA-6和S3307能够改善花荚的转化酶含量,适应不同时期的花荚生育进程,二者在时期和数值上都存在差异。(5)DTA-6和S3307在3个品种上对叶片、花蕾、幼荚、荚皮和籽粒器官蔗糖、可溶性糖、淀粉含量的调控,在喷药后7d,籽粒形成初期和后期表现出显著的作用效果。S3307增加叶片同化物的合成能力,效果优于DTA-6,DTA-6在喷药后49-56d显著增加淀粉含量,效果优于S3307,二者均促进了籽粒中同化物的积累,有利于改善源库关系。
[Abstract]:Soybean is an important food and oil crop in China. Increasing soybean yield and production capacity greatly is the main measure to make up the gap of soybean demand, enhance self-sufficiency and guarantee national food safety. The high rate of pod abscission is one of the main factors that affect the yield and productivity of soybean. It is of great significance to improve the yield and productivity of soybean. Aiming at the problem of high peeling rate of flower pods in soybean production, this paper compares and studies the regulation effect and mechanism of two kinds of regulators on pea pod abscission, which is designed to provide new ideas for the establishment of soybean controlled cultivation engineering and high yield and high efficiency cultivation. The type of 2-N, N- two ethyl amino ethyl Hexanate (Diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, DTA-6) and delayed entrazoles (Uniconazole, S3307) were used as the test regulators. The test varieties of subfinite soybean varieties suiong 28, kendafe 16 and Hefeng 50 were selected as the tested varieties in.2012 year field experiment, and the DTA-6 (concentration) in R1 (beginning) period was concentrated. Degree 15 mg / L~ (-1), 30 mg. L~ (-1), 60mg. L~ (-1), 120 mg. L~ (-1)), with the application of fresh water (100) as control. With a dose of 60 mg / L~ (-1) and a S3307 application dose of 50 mg. L~ (-1), with clear water as the control, a multidimensional study was carried out on the rate of pea pod abscission, assimilate metabolism, endogenous hormones, the activity of the key enzymes in flower pod abscission and the expression of the abscission cellulase gene expression. This study revealed the regulation from the morphological physiological molecular level system. The mechanism of reducing the shedding of soybean pod has broken through a single study confined to a certain aspect of floral pod abscission in previous studies. Compared with previous studies, this study is more in-depth and systematic. The following conclusions are drawn: 1.DTA-6 and S3307 regulate the abscission of flowers and pods, soybean yield and components. (1) DTA-6 and S3307 can be regulated significantly. The abscission rate of DTA-6 60 mg. L~ (-1) reduced the rate of flower pod falling off 7.16%-9.52%, achieved a increase of yield 9.70%~ (-1) 7.41%, S3307 50 mg L~ (-1) reduced the rate of flower pods falling rate, increased the number of single plant pods of 3 soybean varieties and increased the number of pedestal pods of soybean plants. CK decreased the number of pod particles on the whole of 17.81%., and decreased by 1.58% compared with CK, and DTA-6 was relatively stable compared with CK, 1.68%. 100 grain weight was more stable than CK, and the difference between treatment and CK was not significant. (3) the total yield in 2012 was DTA-6S3307CK, and the output in 2013 was S3307DTA-6CK, the difference was significant. The increase of yield (average yield 12.34%).2.DTA-6 and S3307 decreased the content of Methane Dicarboxylic Aldehyde (MDA) and increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (Superoxide dismutase, SOD), peroxidase (Peroxidase, POD), in the early stage of suiong 28 and the 16 drum grain of reclaimed 16, and the later stage of Hefeng 50 drums was reduced. The activity of Abscission cellulose (AC) and polygalacturonase (Polygalacturonase, PG) was exfoliated, and the effect of S3307 was better than that of DTA-6. with the development of pods. The contents of MDA, SOD, POD, soluble sugar and soluble protein (or viability) in each pod were significantly higher than that of retained pods, AC, and PG activity was significantly lower than that of preserved pods and residues. The related indexes of retention and shedding pods were different, which showed that abscission pod was stronger than preserved pod membrane peroxidation, the balance of protective enzyme system was destroyed, soluble substance was increased,.3. decreased by exfoliated enzyme activity and reduced the physiological difference between DTA-6 and S3307 treatment and pod abscission of flower pods: (1) DTA-6 and S3307 treatment increased soybean The contents of leaves, pod skin and Gibberellin (GA3) decreased the content of leaves, pod skin and abscisic acid (Abscisic acid, ABA), and increased the GA/ABA ratio in leaves, pod skin and grains. (2) DTA-6 decreased the gene expression of exfoliated cellulase (GmAC) most of which was suiong 28 (51%), S3307 reduced GmAC is the most of 16 (47.34%), DTA-6. And S3307 both showed the effect of inhibiting GmAC. (3) DTA-6 and S3307 increased the effect of pod skin protective enzyme, reduced the MDA content of pod skin and increased the activity of SOD and POD in general, in which S3307 effect was better than DTA-6. (4) DTA-6 and S3307 decreased the activity of the 7d leaf invertase after the spray, and reduced the activity of the invertase in the bud and the young pod after the spray. After spraying, the activity of invertase activity.DTA-6 in 42d pod was reduced in 35d after spraying, and S3307 reduced 42d grain invertase activity.DTA-6 and S3307 to improve the content of invertase in flower pods after spraying, and the two were different in time and value. (5) DTA-6 and S3307 in 3 products. The control of leaves, buds, young pods, sucrose of pod skin and grain organs, the control of soluble sugar and starch content, after the injection of 7D, the early and late stage of grain formation showed a significant effect.S3307 to increase the synthetic ability of leaf assimilates, the effect was better than that of DTA-6, and 49-56d significantly increased the starch content after the injection of DTA-6, and the effect was better than that of S3307, two All of them promoted the accumulation of assimilates and improved the relationship between source and sink.
【学位授予单位】：黑龙江八一农垦大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S565.1
本文编号：2170460
[Abstract]:Soybean is an important food and oil crop in China. Increasing soybean yield and production capacity greatly is the main measure to make up the gap of soybean demand, enhance self-sufficiency and guarantee national food safety. The high rate of pod abscission is one of the main factors that affect the yield and productivity of soybean. It is of great significance to improve the yield and productivity of soybean. Aiming at the problem of high peeling rate of flower pods in soybean production, this paper compares and studies the regulation effect and mechanism of two kinds of regulators on pea pod abscission, which is designed to provide new ideas for the establishment of soybean controlled cultivation engineering and high yield and high efficiency cultivation. The type of 2-N, N- two ethyl amino ethyl Hexanate (Diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, DTA-6) and delayed entrazoles (Uniconazole, S3307) were used as the test regulators. The test varieties of subfinite soybean varieties suiong 28, kendafe 16 and Hefeng 50 were selected as the tested varieties in.2012 year field experiment, and the DTA-6 (concentration) in R1 (beginning) period was concentrated. Degree 15 mg / L~ (-1), 30 mg. L~ (-1), 60mg. L~ (-1), 120 mg. L~ (-1)), with the application of fresh water (100) as control. With a dose of 60 mg / L~ (-1) and a S3307 application dose of 50 mg. L~ (-1), with clear water as the control, a multidimensional study was carried out on the rate of pea pod abscission, assimilate metabolism, endogenous hormones, the activity of the key enzymes in flower pod abscission and the expression of the abscission cellulase gene expression. This study revealed the regulation from the morphological physiological molecular level system. The mechanism of reducing the shedding of soybean pod has broken through a single study confined to a certain aspect of floral pod abscission in previous studies. Compared with previous studies, this study is more in-depth and systematic. The following conclusions are drawn: 1.DTA-6 and S3307 regulate the abscission of flowers and pods, soybean yield and components. (1) DTA-6 and S3307 can be regulated significantly. The abscission rate of DTA-6 60 mg. L~ (-1) reduced the rate of flower pod falling off 7.16%-9.52%, achieved a increase of yield 9.70%~ (-1) 7.41%, S3307 50 mg L~ (-1) reduced the rate of flower pods falling rate, increased the number of single plant pods of 3 soybean varieties and increased the number of pedestal pods of soybean plants. CK decreased the number of pod particles on the whole of 17.81%., and decreased by 1.58% compared with CK, and DTA-6 was relatively stable compared with CK, 1.68%. 100 grain weight was more stable than CK, and the difference between treatment and CK was not significant. (3) the total yield in 2012 was DTA-6S3307CK, and the output in 2013 was S3307DTA-6CK, the difference was significant. The increase of yield (average yield 12.34%).2.DTA-6 and S3307 decreased the content of Methane Dicarboxylic Aldehyde (MDA) and increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (Superoxide dismutase, SOD), peroxidase (Peroxidase, POD), in the early stage of suiong 28 and the 16 drum grain of reclaimed 16, and the later stage of Hefeng 50 drums was reduced. The activity of Abscission cellulose (AC) and polygalacturonase (Polygalacturonase, PG) was exfoliated, and the effect of S3307 was better than that of DTA-6. with the development of pods. The contents of MDA, SOD, POD, soluble sugar and soluble protein (or viability) in each pod were significantly higher than that of retained pods, AC, and PG activity was significantly lower than that of preserved pods and residues. The related indexes of retention and shedding pods were different, which showed that abscission pod was stronger than preserved pod membrane peroxidation, the balance of protective enzyme system was destroyed, soluble substance was increased,.3. decreased by exfoliated enzyme activity and reduced the physiological difference between DTA-6 and S3307 treatment and pod abscission of flower pods: (1) DTA-6 and S3307 treatment increased soybean The contents of leaves, pod skin and Gibberellin (GA3) decreased the content of leaves, pod skin and abscisic acid (Abscisic acid, ABA), and increased the GA/ABA ratio in leaves, pod skin and grains. (2) DTA-6 decreased the gene expression of exfoliated cellulase (GmAC) most of which was suiong 28 (51%), S3307 reduced GmAC is the most of 16 (47.34%), DTA-6. And S3307 both showed the effect of inhibiting GmAC. (3) DTA-6 and S3307 increased the effect of pod skin protective enzyme, reduced the MDA content of pod skin and increased the activity of SOD and POD in general, in which S3307 effect was better than DTA-6. (4) DTA-6 and S3307 decreased the activity of the 7d leaf invertase after the spray, and reduced the activity of the invertase in the bud and the young pod after the spray. After spraying, the activity of invertase activity.DTA-6 in 42d pod was reduced in 35d after spraying, and S3307 reduced 42d grain invertase activity.DTA-6 and S3307 to improve the content of invertase in flower pods after spraying, and the two were different in time and value. (5) DTA-6 and S3307 in 3 products. The control of leaves, buds, young pods, sucrose of pod skin and grain organs, the control of soluble sugar and starch content, after the injection of 7D, the early and late stage of grain formation showed a significant effect.S3307 to increase the synthetic ability of leaf assimilates, the effect was better than that of DTA-6, and 49-56d significantly increased the starch content after the injection of DTA-6, and the effect was better than that of S3307, two All of them promoted the accumulation of assimilates and improved the relationship between source and sink.
【学位授予单位】：黑龙江八一农垦大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S565.1
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