黄瓜幼苗对红蓝光质响应的生理机制
发布时间：2018-08-11 18:25
【摘要】：设施农业栽培中光环境对蔬菜作物正常生长至关重要,通过调节光环境能实现对蔬菜生长、品质以及产量的调控。如何有效利用光环境调控技术提升设施蔬菜产品的生长和品质,是现阶段可持续设施农业亟需解决的重要问题。本试验研究了不同配比红蓝光质(白光、红光、蓝光和红蓝组合光)对黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L.)十片的光合作用中光合电子传递链性能、光系统Ⅱ和Ⅰ(PSⅡ和PSI)的光化学活性、叶片形态建成及物质代谢等方面的影响,并且研究了红蓝光质黄瓜育苗对其后期设施生产栽培的影响。主要结果与结论如下：1.不同配比红蓝光质显著影响黄瓜叶片光合电子传递链性能及PSⅡ和PSⅠ光化学活性。结果表明,与白光相比,红光处理的OJIP曲线中J点、I点、L-band、K-band以及Wol(Wol≥1)显著提升,PSⅡ和PSI实际光化学量子效率(ΦⅡ和ΦⅠ)及JIP-test参数显著降低,说明红光严重抑制黄瓜叶片从PSⅡ到PSI的线性电子传递,激活PSI的环式电子传递,并且降低PSⅡ和PSI的光化学活性；添加蓝光能有效减轻这些负面效应,与红光相比,红蓝组合光处理的黄瓜叶片从PSⅡ原初电子受体(QA)到PSI的电子传递能力显著提升,ΦⅡ和ΦⅠ分别升高了175.6%和126.9%；蓝光下黄瓜叶片的光合电子传递性能和光系统活性与白光下基本保持一致。表明蓝光在保持光合电子传递链性能和光系统活性方面至关重要,比红光更能有效地驱动光合作用。2.不同配比红蓝光质显著影响黄瓜叶片显微结构、叶绿体超微结构及营养元素积累与分配。结果表明,与白光相比,红光处理的黄瓜叶片厚度、栅栏组织和海绵组织厚度及栅栏组织/海绵组织厚度比值降低,栅栏组织细胞内叶绿体数目和大小、基粒厚度和片层数、淀粉粒数目和大小均显著降低,叶片中P、K、Mn和Zn元素大量积累；蓝光下叶片厚度、叶绿体基粒厚度降低,栅栏组织/海绵组织厚度比值升高,叶片中N、P、K、Ca、Mg和Mn元素大量积累；红蓝组合光处理下叶片解剖结构和叶绿体超微结构与白光下基本保持一致。以上结果表明,红蓝组合光有利于黄瓜叶片和叶绿体的形态建成,红、蓝单色光均有利于黄瓜叶片中营养元素的大量积累。3.不同配比红蓝光质黄瓜育苗显著影响其花芽分化。与白光相比,红光处理的黄瓜植株第1朵雌花开花时间延迟8天；红蓝组合光处理的黄瓜植株第1朵雌花的开花时间延迟2天,节位降低2节,并且前20节雌花数目增加2个；蓝光处理的黄瓜植株第1朵雌花的开花时间提前3天,第1、2、3和4朵雌花的节位均显著降低4-5节,并且前20节雌花数目增加2个。以上结果表明,红光延迟黄瓜雌花开花时间,蓝光提前黄瓜雌花分化时间且降低第1-5朵雌花的节位,红蓝组合光有利于黄瓜第1朵雌花节位降低及前20节位雌花节位增加。4.红光降低黄瓜叶片光合效率,阻碍叶片和叶绿体发育,并且延迟雌花开花时间,不利于黄瓜植株生长；然而,蓝光和红蓝组合光能提升黄瓜叶片光合特性,促进黄瓜植株叶片和叶绿体形态建成,同时增加黄瓜雌花数目,有利于黄瓜植株生长。
[Abstract]:Light environment is very important to the normal growth of vegetable crops in protected agriculture. It can regulate the growth, quality and yield of vegetable by regulating light environment. How to effectively use light environment control technology to improve the growth and quality of protected vegetable products is an important problem to be solved urgently in sustainable protected agriculture at this stage. The effects of red and blue light quality (white light, red light, blue light, red and blue combined light) on photosynthetic electron transfer chain (PTC) properties, photochemical activities of photosystem II and I (PSII and PSI), leaf morphogenesis and material metabolism of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) were studied. The main results and conclusions are as follows: 1. The photosynthetic electron transfer chain and PS I I and PS I photochemical activities of cucumber leaves were significantly affected by different red and blue light ratios. The results showed that compared with white light, J, I, L-band, K-band and Wol (Wol < 1) in the OJIP curves of red light treatment were significantly increased, while PS I I and PS I were significantly increased. Intermediate photochemical quantum efficiency (II and I) and JIP-test parameters were significantly reduced, indicating that red light seriously inhibited the linear electron transfer from PSII to PSI, activated the ring electron transfer of PSI, and reduced the photochemical activity of PSII and PSI. The addition of blue light can effectively reduce these negative effects. Compared with red light, red-blue combined light treatment can significantly reduce these negative effects. The electron transfer ability of cucumber leaves from PSII primary electron acceptor (QA) to PSI increased by 175.6% and 126.9% respectively. The photosynthetic electron transfer performance and photosystem activity of Cucumber Leaves under blue light were basically consistent with those under white light. The results showed that the thickness of cucumber leaves, palisade and spongy tissues, palisade and spongy tissues, palisade/spongy tissues and palisade/spongy tissues were significantly affected by different ratios of red and blue light. The number and size of chloroplasts, grana thickness and lamellae, starch granule number and size decreased significantly, and P, K, Mn and Zn elements accumulated in leaves. Under blue light, the thickness of leaf, the thickness of chloroplast grana decreased, the thickness ratio of palisade tissue to spongy tissue increased, and the contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Mn in leaves increased. The results showed that the combination of red and blue light was conducive to the morphological formation of cucumber leaves and chloroplasts, red and blue light were conducive to the accumulation of nutrient elements in Cucumber leaves. 3. Compared with white light, the flowering time of the first female flower of cucumber treated with red light was delayed by 8 days; the flowering time of the first female flower of cucumber treated with red and blue light was delayed by 2 days, the node position was reduced by 2 nodes, and the number of the first 20 female flowers was increased by 2 nodes; the flowering time of the first female flower of cucumber treated with blue light was delayed by 2 days. The results showed that red light delayed the flowering time of cucumber females, blue light delayed the differentiation time of cucumber females and decreased the nodal position of the first 5 females. The combination of red and blue light was beneficial to the decrease of the nodal position of the first female flower and the number of the first 20 females. Red light decreased photosynthetic efficiency of cucumber leaves, hindered the development of leaves and chloroplasts, and delayed the flowering time of female flowers, which was not conducive to the growth of cucumber plants; however, the combination of blue light and red-blue light could enhance photosynthetic characteristics of cucumber leaves, promote the formation of leaf and chloroplast morphology, and increase the number of female flowers of cucumber, which was beneficial. The growth of cucumber plants.
【学位授予单位】：中国农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S642.2
本文编号：2177844
[Abstract]:Light environment is very important to the normal growth of vegetable crops in protected agriculture. It can regulate the growth, quality and yield of vegetable by regulating light environment. How to effectively use light environment control technology to improve the growth and quality of protected vegetable products is an important problem to be solved urgently in sustainable protected agriculture at this stage. The effects of red and blue light quality (white light, red light, blue light, red and blue combined light) on photosynthetic electron transfer chain (PTC) properties, photochemical activities of photosystem II and I (PSII and PSI), leaf morphogenesis and material metabolism of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) were studied. The main results and conclusions are as follows: 1. The photosynthetic electron transfer chain and PS I I and PS I photochemical activities of cucumber leaves were significantly affected by different red and blue light ratios. The results showed that compared with white light, J, I, L-band, K-band and Wol (Wol < 1) in the OJIP curves of red light treatment were significantly increased, while PS I I and PS I were significantly increased. Intermediate photochemical quantum efficiency (II and I) and JIP-test parameters were significantly reduced, indicating that red light seriously inhibited the linear electron transfer from PSII to PSI, activated the ring electron transfer of PSI, and reduced the photochemical activity of PSII and PSI. The addition of blue light can effectively reduce these negative effects. Compared with red light, red-blue combined light treatment can significantly reduce these negative effects. The electron transfer ability of cucumber leaves from PSII primary electron acceptor (QA) to PSI increased by 175.6% and 126.9% respectively. The photosynthetic electron transfer performance and photosystem activity of Cucumber Leaves under blue light were basically consistent with those under white light. The results showed that the thickness of cucumber leaves, palisade and spongy tissues, palisade and spongy tissues, palisade/spongy tissues and palisade/spongy tissues were significantly affected by different ratios of red and blue light. The number and size of chloroplasts, grana thickness and lamellae, starch granule number and size decreased significantly, and P, K, Mn and Zn elements accumulated in leaves. Under blue light, the thickness of leaf, the thickness of chloroplast grana decreased, the thickness ratio of palisade tissue to spongy tissue increased, and the contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Mn in leaves increased. The results showed that the combination of red and blue light was conducive to the morphological formation of cucumber leaves and chloroplasts, red and blue light were conducive to the accumulation of nutrient elements in Cucumber leaves. 3. Compared with white light, the flowering time of the first female flower of cucumber treated with red light was delayed by 8 days; the flowering time of the first female flower of cucumber treated with red and blue light was delayed by 2 days, the node position was reduced by 2 nodes, and the number of the first 20 female flowers was increased by 2 nodes; the flowering time of the first female flower of cucumber treated with blue light was delayed by 2 days. The results showed that red light delayed the flowering time of cucumber females, blue light delayed the differentiation time of cucumber females and decreased the nodal position of the first 5 females. The combination of red and blue light was beneficial to the decrease of the nodal position of the first female flower and the number of the first 20 females. Red light decreased photosynthetic efficiency of cucumber leaves, hindered the development of leaves and chloroplasts, and delayed the flowering time of female flowers, which was not conducive to the growth of cucumber plants; however, the combination of blue light and red-blue light could enhance photosynthetic characteristics of cucumber leaves, promote the formation of leaf and chloroplast morphology, and increase the number of female flowers of cucumber, which was beneficial. The growth of cucumber plants.
【学位授予单位】：中国农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S642.2
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 杨立文;付建新;亓帅;戴思兰;;高等植物开花时间的蓝光调控:隐花色素介导的光信号传导[J];分子植物育种;2015年02期
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