规模化种猪场猪蓝耳病和猪瘟抗体变化规律研究及在健康流程管理中的应用

发布时间：2018-08-19 16:29

【摘要】：猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(PRRS),又称猪蓝耳病,是由猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒引起的一种以母猪繁殖障碍和仔猪呼吸道疾病为特征的烈性传染病,该病已在全世界范围内广泛传播,严重影响养猪业的发展,被世界卫生组织列为需要通报的传染病之一。猪瘟(CSF)是由猪瘟病毒引起的一种猪的高度接触性传染病,具有高度接触传染性,流行广泛,发病率、死亡率高,危害极大;是经济损失最为严重的传染病之一,也被世界卫生组织列为需要通报的传染病之一。高致病性猪蓝耳病与猪瘟均是国家中长期动物疫病防治规划(2012-2020年)优先防治的国内16种动物疫病中的二类动物疫病。猪瘟,特别是猪繁殖与呼吸综合征是免疫抑制性疾病,在猪场养殖生产中难以净化、进行有效地预防控制,防控效果不理想等,对养猪业的健康发展带来较大的阻碍。因此,本研究从群体免疫学着手,结合猪场生产成绩,开展了规模化种猪场猪蓝耳病和猪瘟抗体变化规律研究,总结确定出猪场稳定生产时PRRS和CSF的基准线的标准区间(范围),以此分析判定疫病发生风险,调整免疫方案与饲养管理,并作为猪场健康流程管理中动态筛选和重点管理的判定依据之一,通过管理应用实例,为猪场提供一个养殖与疫病防控相结合的管理模式,同时也为猪蓝耳病和猪瘟控制计划提供技术支撑。建立规模化种猪场猪繁殖与呼吸综合征血清学抗体评价基准线区间。通过2010-2013年时间开展规模化种猪场猪蓝耳病抗体水平的监测,掌握猪群蓝耳病抗体水平S/P值、离散度的变化规律,结合猪场生产成绩,确定判定猪场PRRS免疫后猪群处于稳定状态时蓝耳病抗体水平以及整齐度范围,从多个规模化猪场PRRS抗体变化数据的跟踪分析结果,结合猪场实际生产情况与业绩,总结出,具有较好生产成绩的猪场,其PRRS抗体基准线区间确定平均值在1.0~2.0区间,离散度分布在50~70区间。以此作为参考评估蓝耳病疫苗免疫效果的指标之一,及时做好免疫程序的调整,加强流程管理,从而降低猪群蓝耳病的发病几率甚至做出预警,为PRRS的预防和控制提供临床参考资料。建立规模化种猪场猪瘟血清学抗体评价基准线区间与范围,开展了猪瘟疫病净控制管理研究。选取2个生产业绩良好的规模化种猪场,进行2011-2014年期间猪瘟抗体监测数据分析变化规律,结合猪场实际生产数据,确定猪瘟疫苗免疫效果良好时,其抗体阳性阻断率、离散度和抗体平均值标准区间,免疫猪瘟疫苗后其抗体平均阻断率应达到50以上,离散度CV值应在25以下,可视为免疫效果良好。当有效免疫率达85%以上发生猪瘟机率较小,而小于50%则显示免疫无效或为不稳定群体,应进一步加强免疫。以此评价猪瘟免疫效果,调整免疫方案与管理重点,降低猪群猪瘟的发病几率。为猪瘟的预防和控制提供临床参考资料。通过建立的规模化种猪场自身的PRRS和CSF抗体基准线区间(范围),开展其在猪场健康流程管理中的应用,并结合饲养管理方案,做好方案实施前后的比较分析,总结归纳出健康管理的方案与流程。研究表明,规模化种猪场的管理应当根据不同阶段进行分点式管理,把握不同环节饲养管理重点,借助日常管理数据和疫病抗体水平规律,探索出猪场猪蓝耳病、猪瘟等重要疫病抗体水平标准区间,加之动态管理,减少疫病发生风险,以此做好种猪场疫病的净化与控制计划,达到猪场的稳定生产。健康管理的总体思路主要以生物安全、繁育体系、流程控制、群体健康、疫苗免疫为主,配套规程管理、动态监测、优胜劣汰。目前,健康流程管理已作为国外很多规模化猪场的日常管理理念,通过日常监测与阶段管理,不仅是猪场稳定生产的重要因素,也是猪瘟等重要疫病净化与控制工作实施成功的手段之一,本研究工作为规模化猪场的健康管理提供了一个技术示范与临床成功实例。针对目前高致病性蓝耳病变异株及疫苗毒株的多种性,而目前的检测技术难以判定区分PRRS疫苗株和野毒株的现状。建立了高分辨率溶解曲线HRM分析技术平台,研究出区别PRRS经典株和变异株的PCR-HRM方法,区分高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征活疫苗GDr180株、TJM-F92株与野毒株的PCR-HRM检测方法;区分高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征JXA1-R疫苗毒株和野毒株的PCR-HRM检测方法。为猪繁殖与呼吸综合征鉴别诊断提供技术支撑,解决了生产实际需求。
[Abstract]:Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), * * *, is a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus caused by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, a sow reproductive disorder and piglets respiratory diseases characterized by strong infectious diseases, the disease has been widely spread throughout the world, seriously affecting the development of pig industry, WHO is listed as a notification. CSF is a highly contagious infectious disease caused by hog cholera virus. It is highly contagious and widespread, with high morbidity, high mortality and great harm. It is one of the most serious infectious diseases, and is also listed as one of the infectious diseases that need to be notified by WHO. Classical swine fever is the two type of animal disease that is the first priority in the national middle and long term animal disease prevention program (2012-2020 *) to control 16 domestic animal diseases. Swine fever, especially porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome, is an immunosuppressive disease. It is difficult to purify in pig breeding, effective prevention and control, and poor control and prevention. Therefore, this study started with group immunology and combined with pig farm production results, and carried out a study on the variation pattern of pig ear * s disease and swine fever antibody in large scale pig farms. The standard inter area (range) of PRRS and CSF for stable production in pig farms was determined. Integrated immunization and feeding management, as one of the criteria for dynamic screening and key management of pig farms health process management, provides a management mode for pig farms to combine culture with disease prevention and control through management application examples, and also provides technical support for * pig ear disease and swine fever control plan. * The baseline intervals of serological antibodies for reproductive and respiratory syndrome were evaluated. The antibody level of pig * s disease in large scale pig farms was monitored for 2010-2013 years. The S/P level of the antibody level and the variation rule of the dispersion of pigs were mastered. Combined with the production performance of pig farms, the blue ear was determined when the pigs were in stable state after PRRS vaccination. Based on the results of tracking analysis of PRRS antibody change data from several large-scale pig farms, combined with the actual production situation and performance of pig farms, it is concluded that the PRRS antibody baseline interval of pig farms with good production performance is between 1.0 and 2.0, and the dispersion is between 50 and 70. One of the indicators for evaluating the immune effect of blue-ear disease vaccine is to adjust the immune procedure in time and strengthen the process management so as to reduce the incidence of blue-ear disease in pigs and even make early warning, providing clinical reference for the prevention and control of PRRS. * study on the net control and management of swine plague. Choose 2 large scale pig farms with good production performance, analyze the variation rules of antibody against swine fever during 2011-2014 years, and combine the actual production data of pig farms to determine the positive blocking rate, dispersion and standard interval of antibody against swine fever vaccine. After vaccination, the average blocking rate of antibody should be above 50, and the CV value of dispersion should be below 25, which can be regarded as a good immune effect. When the effective immune rate is above 85%, the incidence of swine fever is small, and less than 50% shows that the immune response is ineffective or unstable, the immunization should be further strengthened. To reduce the incidence of swine fever and provide clinical reference for the prevention and control of swine fever, the application of PRRS and CSF antibody baseline in the health process management of swine farms was carried out by establishing PRRS and CSF antibody baseline intervals (ranges) of large-scale breeding pig farms. Conclusion: the management of large scale pig farms should be divided into different stages according to different stages, and the key points of different links should be grasped. With the help of daily management data and epidemic disease antibody levels, the standard interval of antibody levels for pig diseases such as pig ear disease *, swine fever and other important diseases should be explored. The general idea of health management is mainly biological safety, breeding system, process control, population health, vaccine immunization, supporting procedures management, dynamic monitoring, survival of the fittest. As a daily management concept of many large-scale pig farms abroad, daily monitoring and stage management is not only an important factor for stable production of pig farms, but also one of the successful means for the purification and control of important epidemic diseases such as swine fever. This study provides a technical demonstration and clinical success for the health management of large-scale pig farms. For example, in view of the diversity of the highly pathogenic RT variants and vaccine strains, the current detection technology is difficult to determine the status of PRRS vaccine strains and wild strains. A high-resolution resolution curve HRM analysis technology platform was established, and PCR-HRM method was used to distinguish PRRS classical strains and mutant strains, so as to distinguish highly pathogenic pigs from reproduction and * The PCR-HRM detection method of live vaccine GDr180 strain, TJM-F92 strain and wild strain, distinguish the PCR-HRM detection method of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome JXA1-R vaccine strain and wild strain. This * * provides technical support for differential diagnosis of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome, and solves the actual demand of production.
【学位授予单位】：华南农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S858.28

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