主要畜禽粪便能源及肥料化利用相关特性表征及其比较研究

发布时间：2018-08-30 10:54

【摘要】：作为重要的生物质资源,畜禽粪便的科学利用不仅能够变废为宝、减轻生态环境压力,还关系到农业的可持续发展。畜禽粪便基础特性是畜禽粪便能源及肥料化利用的重要技术参数,也是发展优质、高效、低耗生物质产业的公益性基础。因此,本研究以猪粪便、奶牛粪便、肉牛粪便、蛋鸡粪便和肉鸡粪便为研究对象,探讨了不同畜禽粪便能源及肥料化利用相关化学组成、工业组成、元素组成、矿质元素和热值等基础特性数据,分析比较其差异性、变异性和相关性及能源潜力,研究畜禽粪便工业组成和高位热值的近红外光谱表征及快速预测应用,研究比较分析不同畜禽粪便热解和燃烧特性及其产物的差异,得出研究结论如下：5类畜禽粪便能源相关特性变异性较大,各类畜禽粪便组成成分间存在显著差异。猪粪便中挥发分、磷、镁、铜和锌的含量较高,奶牛粪便中灰分和铁的含量较高,肉牛粪便中挥发分和固定碳的含量比较高,蛋鸡粪便中灰分、氮、硫、钾、钠和钙的含量比较高,肉鸡粪便中氮、硫、钾和钠含量比较高。奶牛和肉牛粪便组成特性比较相近。5类畜禽粪便燃烧热能的理论年产量约为4400.63 TJ,甲烷和合成气的理论年产量分别为188.89×109 m3和983.40×109 m3。5类畜禽粪便肥料相关特性变异性较大。猪粪便中磷、有效磷、镁、铜和锌的含量较高,蛋鸡粪便中凯式氮、铵氮、钙和镁含量较高,肉鸡粪便中干物质、有机物、有机碳、凯式氮、有机氮、钾和钠含量较高。猪、蛋鸡和肉鸡粪便中氮、磷和钾总量均在3%左右,肥效比较相近。主成分分析结果表明奶牛与肉牛粪便、蛋鸡与肉鸡粪便种属内部差异相对较小。近红外光谱技术能够有效地预测猪、奶牛、肉牛和蛋鸡粪便中水分、挥发分含量和高位热值,可以建立水分和高位热值的广泛预测模型。猪和肉牛粪便的固定碳模型基本有用。畜禽粪便灰分含量模型的有效性需要进一步研究。5类畜禽粪便热解特征参数和动力学参数变异性较大,各类畜禽粪便热解特征参数和动力学参数存在显著差异。肉牛粪便热解特性相对较好。畜禽粪便活化能分布范围为61.53-100.06 kJ/mol。畜禽粪便热解特征参数和动力学参数与其组成成分之间存在显著的相关关系。各类畜禽粪便在400℃、550℃和700℃获得的生物炭产率为36.78-51.42%,pH均大于10,具有较大的比表面积,且含有丰富的矿质元素,具有作为土壤改良剂和环境吸附材料的潜力。5类畜禽粪便燃烧特征参数和动力学参数变异性较大,各类畜禽粪便燃烧特征参数和动力学参数存在显著差异,肉牛粪便燃烧特性显著优于其他4类畜禽粪便。全部畜禽粪便样本挥发分和固定碳燃烧阶段的活化能分布范围分别为61.71-111.72 kJ/mol和89.53-625.45 kJ/mol。畜禽粪便燃烧特征参数和动力学参数与组成成分之间存在显著的相关关系。5类畜禽粪便灰分残渣碱指数均大于0.34,灰分中主要的矿物质化合物为Ca9Fe(PO4)7、Ca9MgK(PO4)7、SiO2、 KCl、K2SO5、 Ca5(PO4)3(OH)和CaCO3。
[Abstract]:As an important biomass resource, the scientific utilization of livestock and poultry manure can not only turn waste into treasure, reduce the pressure of ecological environment, but also relate to the sustainable development of agriculture. * in this study, pig feces, cow manure, beef excrement, chicken excrement and chicken manure were taken as research objects. The chemical composition, industrial composition, element composition, mineral elements and calorific value of different livestock manure energy and fertilizer utilization were discussed, and their differences, variability, correlation and energy potential were analyzed and compared. The characteristics of the industrial composition and high calorific value of livestock and poultry excrement were analyzed by near infrared spectroscopy and rapid prediction. The characteristics of pyrolysis and combustion of different animal manure and their products were compared and analyzed. The conclusions were as follows: the energy related characteristics of the 5 kinds of livestock * feces were more variable, and there were significant differences among the composition of livestock and poultry feces. The contents of volatile, phosphorus, magnesium, copper and zinc in feces were higher, the contents of ash and iron in cow feces were higher, the contents of volatile and fixed carbon in beef feces were higher, the contents of ash, nitrogen, sulfur, potassium, sodium and calcium in hen feces were higher, and the contents of nitrogen, sulfur, potassium and sodium in broiler feces were higher. The theoretical annual output of similar.5 class livestock manure combustion heat is about 4400.63 TJ, and the theoretical annual yield of methane and syngas is 188.89 * 109 m3 and 983.40 * 109 M3.5 type of livestock manure, respectively. The variability of manure related characteristics is larger. The contents of phosphorus, available phosphorus, magnesium, copper and zinc in pig feces are higher, and the content of Kay nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, calcium and magnesium in feces of laying hens is higher. The contents of dry matter, organic matter, organic carbon, Kay nitrogen, organic nitrogen, potassium and sodium were higher in chicken feces. * the total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the feces of pigs, laying hens and broilers were all around 3%, and the fertilizer efficiency was similar. * the effective prediction of moisture, volatile matter content and high calorific value of pig, cow, and layer feces can establish an extensive prediction model for water and high calorific value. * the fixed carbon model of pig and beef manure is basically useful. The validity of the model of animal feces ash content needs to further study the pyrolysis characteristics parameters of.5 type livestock manure. Cattle manure pyrolysis characteristics are relatively good. Activation energy of livestock and poultry manure ranges from 61.53 kJ/mol to 100.06 kJ/mol. The biochar yields of all kinds of livestock and poultry manure were 36.78-51.42% at 400, 550 and 700 ~C, with pH greater than 10. The biochar had a large specific surface area and rich mineral elements. It had potential as a soil amendment and environmental adsorption material. The combustion characteristics of beef manure were significantly better than those of other four kinds of livestock and poultry manure. The activation energy distribution ranges of volatile matter and fixed carbon in all livestock and poultry manure samples were 61.71-111.72 kJ/mol and 89.53-625.45 kJ/mol, respectively. The alkali index of ash residue of 5 kinds of livestock and poultry manure was higher than 0.34. The main mineral compounds in ash were Ca9Fe (PO4) 7, Ca9MgK (PO4) 7, SiO2, KCl, K2SO5, Ca5 (PO4) 3 (OH) and CaCO3.
【学位授予单位】：中国农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S216.1
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本文编号：2212856