典型作物设施农业灌溉决策系统研究与实现

发布时间：2018-09-04 09:49

【摘要】：本文通过查阅、整理、分析相关文献资料,对典型地区设施作物灌溉制度进行综合评价,建立了设施作物灌溉制度数据库,并开发了灌溉制度查询系统。为准确掌握土壤墒情信息,提高灌溉决策精确度,设计制作了高精度剖面土壤水分传感器。以温室番茄为例开展田间试验,对不同灌溉制度下温室番茄的生理生态指标、产量与水分利用效率、产品品质等进行了试验研究,并采用基于熵权的逼近理想解法对灌溉制度进行分析评价。同时,对温室内外小气候变化规律及作物需水量与水面蒸发量的相关性进行了研究分析,提出了设施作物需水量温度灌溉决策模型,并将灌溉制度数据库和灌溉决策模型集成应用于智能灌溉决策系统中。主要研究成果如下：1、系统分析和总结了我国部分地区设施作物灌溉制度,构建了灌溉制度综合评价指标体系,并采用基于熵权的逼近理想解法对灌溉制度进行了评价分析,获得最优灌溉制度。在此基础上,建立了设施作物灌溉制度数据库,并开发了设施作物灌溉制度查询系统,为优化各地区灌溉制度提供理论依据与技术支撑。2、基于高频电容边缘场效应,采用有限元法对探头微量化电容周围电场强度和电容值进行仿真分析,确定了最优探头结构,设计制作了结构新颖的高精度剖面土壤水分传感器。计算和试验结果表明,该传感器能够适用于不同类型的土壤水分测量,测量精度为±1.31%,具有很高的稳定性和一致性。3、以温室番茄为例开展田间试验,对不同灌溉制度下番茄的生理生态指标、产量、水分利用效率及果实品质等进行了试验研究,结果表明：a)不同生育期灌水量的差异对形态指标、干物质量、根冠比、产量等影响程度不尽相同,开花坐果期对灌水量反应最大；b)各生育期耗水量大小顺序为,开花坐果期苗期果实成熟期；各生育期土壤水分敏感程度,开花坐果期最大,果实成熟期和苗期的敏感程度较小；c)灌水量增加可以增加单果重,降低糖酸比；开花坐果期适度的减少灌水量可以提高番茄的可溶性糖含量。d)采用基于熵权的逼近理想解法对不同灌溉制度进行综合评价,获得最优灌溉制度：苗期灌水量37mm,开花坐果期灌水量44mm；果实成熟期灌水量为17mm。4、基于实验数据,对温室内外小气候变化规律进行研究分析,设施作物需水量主要与作物生长季节、灌水量和室内温度有关；通过对设施作物需水量与水面蒸发量和室内温度的相关性分析,可知作物需水量与水面蒸发量相关性较差,但与室内温度相关性较好。根据室温和作物需水量的日均值分析结果,建立了设施作物需水量温度灌溉决策模型。5、以数据库及数据管理为基础,以灌溉决策模型为核心,研制了基于作物需水量的设施农业灌溉决策系统。系统集成了灌溉制度数据库、土壤墒情、作物需水量灞度灌溉决策模型和基于气象信息的作物需水量模型等节水灌溉智能决策模型,实现了墒情监测、灌溉决策、灌溉监测、生产管理等功能。设施农业灌溉决策系统在大兴区榆垡镇千亩设施蔬菜示范园进行了示范应用,提高了灌溉决策的科学性,社会经济效益显著。
[Abstract]:In this paper, through consulting, sorting out and analyzing relevant literature, a comprehensive evaluation of irrigation schemes for protected crops in typical areas is made, a database of irrigation schemes for protected crops is established, and an inquiry system for irrigation schemes is developed. The greenhouse tomato was taken as an example to carry out field experiments. The physiological and ecological indexes, yield, water use efficiency and product quality of Greenhouse Tomato under different irrigation schemes were studied. The approximate ideal solution based on entropy weight was used to analyze and evaluate the irrigation schemes. The correlation between water demand and surface evaporation was studied and analyzed. A temperature irrigation decision-making model for water demand of protected crops was proposed. The irrigation schedule database and irrigation decision-making model were integrated into an intelligent irrigation decision-making system. A comprehensive evaluation index system of irrigation schemes is constructed, and the optimal irrigation schemes are obtained by using the approximate ideal method based on entropy weight. On this basis, the database of irrigation schemes for protected crops is established, and the inquiry system of irrigation schemes for protected crops is developed, which provides a rationale for optimizing irrigation schemes in different regions. 2. Based on the edge field effect of high frequency capacitance, the electric field intensity and capacitance around the microcapacitance of the probe are simulated and analyzed by finite element method. The optimal probe structure is determined. A novel high precision profile soil moisture sensor is designed and fabricated. The accuracy of soil moisture measurement was (+1.31%) with high stability and consistency. 3. Field experiments were carried out on greenhouse tomatoes under different irrigation regimes to study the physiological and ecological indexes, yield, water use efficiency and fruit quality of tomatoes. The difference had different effects on morphological indexes, dry matter, root-shoot ratio and yield, and the response of water consumption to irrigation was the greatest at flowering and Fruit-setting stage; b) The order of water consumption in each growth stage was as follows: fruit ripening stage at flowering and Fruit-setting stage; soil water sensitivity at each growth stage was the greatest at flowering and Fruit-setting stage, and the sensitive duration of fruit ripening stage and seedling stage. (c) Increasing irrigation amount can increase single fruit weight and decrease sugar-acid ratio; moderately decreasing irrigation amount can increase soluble sugar content in Tomato during flowering and Fruit-setting stage. d) Applying approximate ideal solution based on entropy weight to comprehensively evaluate different irrigation schemes, the optimal irrigation schemes were obtained: seedling irrigation amount 37 mm, flowering and Fruit-setting stage irrigation. The water requirement of greenhouse was mainly related to crop growth season, irrigation amount and indoor temperature, and the correlation between water requirement of greenhouse crops and water evaporation and indoor temperature was analyzed. According to the results of daily average analysis of room temperature and crop water requirement, a decision-making model for temperature irrigation of water requirement for protected crops was established. 5 Based on database and data management, and with irrigation decision-making model as the core, a facility agriculture based on crop water requirement was developed. The system integrates irrigation schedule database, soil moisture, crop water requirement irrigation decision-making model and crop water requirement model based on Meteorological information. The system realizes the functions of soil moisture monitoring, irrigation decision-making, irrigation monitoring and production management. The demonstration application of 1000 mu protected vegetable demonstration garden in Yuyuan town has improved the scientificity of irrigation decision-making and remarkable social and economic benefits.
【学位授予单位】：中国农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S274

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