韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的求偶行为和性信息素研究

发布时间：2018-09-18 09:30

【摘要】：韭菜迟眼蕈蚊(Bradysia odoriphaga Yang Zhang (Diptera:Sciaridae))是韭菜(Allium tuberosum Rottle ex Spreng (Liliaceae))上最严重的害虫之一。韭菜迟眼蕈蚊幼虫以韭菜根茎为食,导致韭菜产量损失50%以上,甚至绝产。目前普遍使用杀虫剂灌根防治幼虫。然而,因为韭菜迟眼蕈蚊幼虫生存在土壤中,难以接触到杀虫剂,导致防效差。韭菜迟眼蕈蚊成虫生活在地上,因此防治成虫压低下一代应该更为简便。本论文拟通过研究韭菜迟眼蕈蚊成虫的求偶行为和信息素,试图找到可以控制韭蛆成虫的方法,以下是实验结果。1)北京市温室内韭菜地韭蛆种群数量动态在筛选调查和监控方法后,于2013年3月到2014年3月定点调查了北京市顺义区实验基地温室内韭菜地韭菜迟眼蕈蚊种群数量动态。研究表明,在5月上旬和6月下旬是韭菜迟眼蕈蚊幼虫的两个高峰发生期；成虫的高峰期分别发生在4月底,5月底,6月下旬,其中5月底最为严重。在7月中旬到8月下旬田间观察不到成虫和幼虫。四月下旬后韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的为害率超过了80%。上述结果为防治温室韭菜韭蛆提供了重要技术支撑。此外,温度对于死亡率和成虫雌雄性比的影响表明,温度高于35。C时大多数成虫死亡,而且性比随温度升高而明显降低,这也许就是在夏天虫量比较低的原因之一2)韭蛆成虫的求偶和交配行为为了找到对于韭菜迟眼蕈蚊成虫的行为防治方法,在实验室条件下研究了韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的求偶和交配行为。尚未交配过的雄虫在交配前的求偶行为包括定向、展翅、振翅、追逐和腹部卷曲。雌虫表现为定向,展翅和腹部的上下运动。而且,雄虫更多的在晚上追逐和交配,在白天更多的振翅。比较实验表明,振翅、追逐和尾部的卷曲是雄虫在求偶中特殊的行为。求偶和交配大多发生在羽化后3天之内,随着天数的增长,求偶和交配行为逐渐衰减。雌虫尾部提取物可以吸引雄虫,但雄虫的提取物不对雌虫和雄虫有引诱作用,表明韭菜迟眼蕈蚊雌虫的求偶行为是被雌虫释放的性信息素激发。3)韭蛆信息素、引诱剂及其室内外的诱虫作用通过固相微萃取和顶空收集法分别对韭蛆的雄虫和雌虫的挥发物进行收集,并且利用气谱-质谱方法进行分析,在雌虫中找到6种特殊的化合物。在实验室条件T形管嗅觉仪试验中,有3种化合物对于雄虫有吸引作用。这三种化合物的混合物的不同浓度比的结果表明在10cm和50cm内,有一种混合物的比例对于雄虫的吸引力最强。根据之前的实验结果设计了三种类型的诱芯及其诱捕器,田间试验结果初步表明其中一种的诱捕器的诱虫效果最好。本论文的研究成果对于提高监控水平、控制韭菜迟眼蕈蚊成虫提供了新的途径。
[Abstract]:Leek (Bradysia odoriphaga Yang Zhang (Diptera:Sciaridae) is one of the most serious pests on (Allium tuberosum Rottle ex Spreng (Liliaceae). The larva of leek larva fed on the rhizome of leek, which led to the loss of more than 50% of the production of leek. At present, insecticides are widely used to control larva by root irrigation. However, because the larvae of leek larva live in the soil, it is difficult to contact with insecticides, which results in poor control effect. Leek late-eyed mushroom adults live on the ground, so it should be easier to control adult insects to hold down the next generation. In this paper, the courtship behavior and pheromone of adult Chinese chives were studied in order to find a way to control them. The following is the result of the experiment. 1) the population dynamics of leek and leek maggots in Beijing greenhouse after screening investigation and monitoring methods, From March 2013 to March 2014, the population dynamics of Chinese chives in leek field in greenhouse in Shunyi District, Beijing, were investigated. The results showed that in the first ten days of May and the last ten days of June, there were two peak periods of larval occurrence in Chinese chives, the adult larvae occurred at the end of April and the end of May, and the end of June was the most serious. Adults and larvae were not observed in the field from mid July to late August. After late April, the damage rate of Chinese chives was more than 80%. These results provide important technical support for the control of leek maggots in greenhouse. In addition, the effect of temperature on mortality and female / male ratio of adults indicated that most of the adults died when temperature was higher than 35.C, and the sex ratio decreased significantly with the increase of temperature. This may be one of the reasons for the low population in summer. 2) the mating and mating behavior of adult leeks. The courtship and mating behavior of Chinese chive late-eyed mushroom mosquito were studied under laboratory conditions. The mating behavior of unmated males before mating includes orientation, wing spreading, winging, chasing and abdominal curling. Females exhibit directional, wingspan and upper and lower movements in the abdomen. Moreover, males chase and mate more at night and wings more during the day. The comparative experiments show that wings, chases and curls of tail are the special behaviors of males in courtship. Courtship and mating mostly occurred within 3 days after emergence. With the increase of the number of days, courtship and mating behavior gradually decreased. The female tail extract could attract the male worm, but the male worm extract did not induce the female and the male, which indicated that the courting behavior of the female was stimulated by the sex pheromone released by the female. 3) the sex pheromone of the leek laryngoides was stimulated by the sex pheromone released by the female. The volatiles of male and female larvae of leek maggots were collected by solid phase microextraction (SPME) and headspace collection respectively. Six special compounds were found in females by gas spectrum mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In laboratory T tube olfactory test, three compounds were found to be attractive to males. The results of the different concentration ratios of the three compounds showed that one of the mixtures in 10cm and 50cm was most attractive to males. According to the previous experimental results, three types of trap cores and traps were designed, and the results of field experiments showed that one of them had the best trapping effect. The results of this paper provide a new way to improve the monitoring level and control the adult mosquitoes of leek.
【学位授予单位】：中国农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S436.33

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