耕地质量等级提升的土地整治项目设计关键技术研究

发布时间：2018-11-09 19:40

【摘要】：耕地质量的高低是保障我国粮食安全的关键。我国除了“人多地少”之外,耕地质量偏低正成为耕地保护面临的新挑战。土地整治在增加耕地数量、提升耕地质量方面取得明显成效。开展耕地质量等级提升的土地整治项目关键技术研究有助于推进土地整治,促进耕地保护工作由数量管控向实行数量、质量、生态全面管护转变,实现“藏粮于地,藏粮于技”战略。本文系统梳理了国内外土地整治和耕地质量提升方面的研究进展和相关理论基础,对耕地质量的内涵进行了定义,剖析了耕地质量的特性,认为耕地质量由自然质量、工程质量和管理质量构成。通过对各项土地整治工程对耕地质量影响因素的作用分析,指出了基于农用地分等定级因素改造的可行性。在对区域耕地质量提升障碍因素的总结基础上,针对有效土层厚度、土体构型、土壤障碍层以及表土质地等四项土壤障碍因素分别提出了工程改良方法和施工工艺,补充完善了土地整治工程体系。在对现行土地整治项目设计的内容与程序深入分析的基础上,提出了在现行土地整治项目设计体系基础上的耕地质量等级提升设计融合路径。在耕地质量等级提升目标可控化设计思路下,针对农用地分等基础数据的滞后性,研究了项目区耕地质量更新调查技术;为准确评价土地整治对耕地质量的影响,研究了分等与定级结合的项目区耕地质量等级重估技术;采用农用地分等定级因子潜力提升的预评价法,构建了耕地质量等级可实现潜力测算模型;根据因素经整治可实现潜力,研究了基于潜力指数组合的工程类型区划分技术;探索了不同投入和预设等别下的耕地质量等级提升目标拟定程序。实现基于农用地分等定级成果为基础的调查、评价、潜力测算、工程类型分区和目标拟定程序的一体化土地整治项目设计关键技术。以四川省中江县的土地整治项目进行实证研究,通过布设38个采样点,对有效土层厚度、剖面构型、坡度、岩石露头度,灌溉保证率与排水条件等5个因素更新调查;以更新调查成果对项目区耕地质量等级进行了重估,并与原成果进行了对比分析,项目区国家自然等有12个分等单元下降了一个等别,国家利用等有2个分等单元下降了一个等别;测算了项目区耕地质量等级可实现潜力,按照面积加权统计,项目区国家自然等平均可实现潜力为0.84个等,国家利用等可平均可实现潜力为0.62个等,耕地质量级别平均可实现潜力为0.72个级别;划分了基于1有效土层厚度增厚工程-2灌溉工程区等三类工程类型区。
[Abstract]:The quality of cultivated land is the key to ensure the food security of our country. In addition to "more people and less land", the low quality of cultivated land is becoming a new challenge to the protection of cultivated land. Land renovation in increasing the number of arable land, improve the quality of arable land has achieved obvious results. The research on the key technology of the land regulation project of improving the cultivated land quality grade will help to promote the land regulation and promote the change of the cultivated land protection work from quantity control to the implementation of quantity, quality and ecological comprehensive management and conservation, so as to achieve the goal of "storing grain in the land." The strategy of storing grain in technology. This paper systematically combs the research progress and related theoretical basis of land regulation and cultivated land quality improvement at home and abroad, defines the connotation of cultivated land quality, analyzes the characteristics of cultivated land quality, and holds that cultivated land quality depends on natural quality. Composition of engineering quality and management quality. Based on the analysis of the effects of various land regulation projects on the quality of cultivated land, the feasibility of the transformation based on the grading factors of agricultural land is pointed out. On the basis of summing up the obstacle factors of improving the quality of regional cultivated land, this paper puts forward the engineering improvement method and construction technology in view of the effective soil layer thickness, the soil structure, the soil barrier layer and the surface soil texture, respectively. The system of land renovation projects has been supplemented and improved. On the basis of deeply analyzing the content and procedure of the current land regulation project design, this paper puts forward the fusion path of the cultivated land quality grade upgrading design based on the current land regulation project design system. Based on the idea of controllable design for the improvement of cultivated land quality, aiming at the lag of the basic data of agricultural land classification, this paper studies the investigation technology of cultivated land quality renewal in the project area. In order to evaluate the effect of land regulation on cultivated land quality, the reassessment technology of grade of cultivated land quality in project area was studied. Based on the pre-evaluation method of potential enhancement of agricultural land grading factors, a model for calculating the realizable potential of cultivated land quality grade is constructed, and the engineering type area division technology based on the combination of potential index is studied according to the realizable potential through regulation. In this paper, we explored the programming procedure of cultivated land quality grade improvement under different input and presupposition. The key techniques of integrated land regulation project design are realized based on the results of agricultural land gradation, evaluation, potential calculation, project type zoning and target formulation procedure. Taking the land regulation project of Zhongjiang County in Sichuan Province as an empirical study, the effective soil layer thickness, profile configuration, slope, rock outcrop, irrigation guarantee rate and drainage condition were updated and investigated through 38 sampling points. The quality grade of cultivated land in the project area was reassessed with the updated investigation results, and compared with the original results. The national utilization class has two grade units that have dropped by one class; The realizable potential of cultivated land quality grade in the project area is calculated. According to area-weighted statistics, the national average realizable potential is 0.84, and the average realizable potential of national utilization is 0.62. The average realizable potential of cultivated land quality grade is 0.72; Based on the effective soil layer thickening engineering-2 irrigation engineering area and other three types of engineering areas are divided.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S15;F301.2

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