两个小麦品种对条锈病持久抗性的遗传研究
发布时间：2019-03-17 20:54
【摘要】：小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)是世界范围内的主要粮食作物之一。小麦条锈菌(Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici)严重地威胁着小麦生产,通过种植抗病品种防治条锈病能减少杀菌剂的使用,与小种专化性抗病性相比,持久抗病性更能持续稳定地发挥作用,同时,持久抗病性的遗传机制是一个很重要的生物学课题。已有数据表明,冬小麦品种"青熟麦(QS)"和"Luke"对条锈病具有持久抗性。在实验室已构建的青熟麦与感病小麦品种"铭贤169(MX169)" F6:8重组自交系276个基础上,本文作者将其继续培育至F9:11,在5种环境(涉及甘肃和山东2个地点,2009-2012的4个生长季)进行了抗病性鉴定,并测定了它们在84个DNA标记位点的基因型,主要内容和结果包括:(1)发现一个主效抗病QTL,定位在青熟麦的6D染色体长臂上,其位置与之前国内外报道过的抗条锈病基因或QTL均不同,是一个新发现的QTL,按国际通用规则,定名为QYr.cau-6DL;(2)筛选获得了一个与QYr.cau-6DL紧密连锁的SSR标记gpw5179,并证明基于gpw5179能准确地选择QYr.cau-6DL;(3)通过把青熟麦与RL6058(Yr18基因载体品种,春性)杂交、DNA标记选择、及2年田间试验证明,QYr.caau-6DL与Yr18之间以加性方式遗传,两者的抗病能力相近,聚合后能把病情严重度降低到约15%,这一结果在冬性和春性2种不同遗传背景中一致;(4)进一步提供证据表明青熟麦的抗病性具有持久性特点。基于这些结果,认为QYr.cau-6DL具有很大的应用潜力。Luke具有高温成株抗病性,本文研究明确了该品种的抗病性表达特点:(1)在低温条件下高度感病,而在高温条件下因植株生育时期而异,幼苗只有经受较长时间的高温诱导才能表现抗病性,拔节期及之后诱导则抗性明显增强;诱导表达抗性的温度下限为16～18℃、所需高温的时间随温度升高而缩短、最有效的时期是显症期;(2)利用二代测序技术对高低温下Luke的转录组进行高通量测序,共拼接组装All-Unigene174,138条,平均长度为561nt,有注释信息85,418条(49.1%),按照 FDR≤0.001 且 log21(H_RPKM/L_RPKM)的标准,选择获得 15,837 条差异表达片段,分析发现与活性氧相关基因参与了高温抗性表达,ABC转运蛋白和UDP-葡糖糖基转移酶可能参与高温抗性的表达,水杨酸、茉莉酸对高温抗性未起作用,植物与病原互作通路高低温下差异不显著;(3)通过对27℃高温和低温对照样品进行表达谱测序,得到了 Luke高温抗病性早期表达的转录本。结合实时定量PCR的验证筛选,得到了 97条与高温抗性相关的候选基因片段,为下一步采用RNA干扰、重组自交系共分离、转基因等方法筛选高温抗性相关基因奠定了基础。
[Abstract]:Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) It is one of the major food crops in the world. Wheat stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici) is a serious threat to wheat production. Control of stripe rust by planting resistant varieties can reduce the use of fungicides, and long-term resistance can play a more sustainable and stable role in comparison with race specific resistance. At the same time, the genetic mechanism of persistent disease resistance is an important biological subject. The data indicated that the winter wheat varieties "(QS)" and "Luke" had long-term resistance to stripe rust. On the basis of 276 recombinant inbred lines of Qingshu wheat and susceptible wheat variety "Mingxian 169 (MX169)" F6A8, which have been constructed in the laboratory, the authors continue to cultivate them to F9x11 in five environments (involving 2 sites in Gansu and Shandong, respectively). The disease resistance was identified in four growing seasons of 2009 / 2012, and their genotypes at 84 DNA marker sites were determined. The main contents and results were as follows: (1) A major anti-disease QTL, was located on the long arm of chromosome 6D of mature wheat, and the main results were as follows: (1) A major resistance QTL, was found to be located on the long arm of chromosome 6D of mature wheat. The location of the QTL, is different from that of the stripe rust resistance gene or QTL reported at home and abroad. It is a newly discovered QTL, which is named QYr.cau-6DL; according to the international general rules. (2) gpw5179, a SSR marker closely linked to QYr.cau-6DL, was obtained by screening and proved to be able to select QYr.cau-6DL; accurately based on gpw5179. (3) by crossing green wheat with RL6058 (Yr18 gene vector variety, spring sex), selecting DNA markers and 2-year field experiment, it was proved that QYr.caau-6DL and Yr18 were inherited in additive manner, and their resistance to disease was similar. After polymerization, the severity of the disease could be reduced to about 15%, and the results were consistent in two different genetic backgrounds: winter sex and spring sex. (4) to provide further evidence that the disease resistance of green matured wheat is persistent. On the basis of these results, it is considered that QYr.cau-6DL has great potential for application, and it has resistance to high temperature adult plants. This paper studies the expression characteristics of disease resistance of the variety: (1) under low temperature conditions, it is highly susceptible to disease. But under the high temperature condition, the seedling can show disease resistance only if it is induced by high temperature for a long time, and the resistance is obviously enhanced at the jointing stage and after induction. The temperature limit of induced expression resistance was 16? 18 鈩，
本文编号：2442690
[Abstract]:Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) It is one of the major food crops in the world. Wheat stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici) is a serious threat to wheat production. Control of stripe rust by planting resistant varieties can reduce the use of fungicides, and long-term resistance can play a more sustainable and stable role in comparison with race specific resistance. At the same time, the genetic mechanism of persistent disease resistance is an important biological subject. The data indicated that the winter wheat varieties "(QS)" and "Luke" had long-term resistance to stripe rust. On the basis of 276 recombinant inbred lines of Qingshu wheat and susceptible wheat variety "Mingxian 169 (MX169)" F6A8, which have been constructed in the laboratory, the authors continue to cultivate them to F9x11 in five environments (involving 2 sites in Gansu and Shandong, respectively). The disease resistance was identified in four growing seasons of 2009 / 2012, and their genotypes at 84 DNA marker sites were determined. The main contents and results were as follows: (1) A major anti-disease QTL, was located on the long arm of chromosome 6D of mature wheat, and the main results were as follows: (1) A major resistance QTL, was found to be located on the long arm of chromosome 6D of mature wheat. The location of the QTL, is different from that of the stripe rust resistance gene or QTL reported at home and abroad. It is a newly discovered QTL, which is named QYr.cau-6DL; according to the international general rules. (2) gpw5179, a SSR marker closely linked to QYr.cau-6DL, was obtained by screening and proved to be able to select QYr.cau-6DL; accurately based on gpw5179. (3) by crossing green wheat with RL6058 (Yr18 gene vector variety, spring sex), selecting DNA markers and 2-year field experiment, it was proved that QYr.caau-6DL and Yr18 were inherited in additive manner, and their resistance to disease was similar. After polymerization, the severity of the disease could be reduced to about 15%, and the results were consistent in two different genetic backgrounds: winter sex and spring sex. (4) to provide further evidence that the disease resistance of green matured wheat is persistent. On the basis of these results, it is considered that QYr.cau-6DL has great potential for application, and it has resistance to high temperature adult plants. This paper studies the expression characteristics of disease resistance of the variety: (1) under low temperature conditions, it is highly susceptible to disease. But under the high temperature condition, the seedling can show disease resistance only if it is induced by high temperature for a long time, and the resistance is obviously enhanced at the jointing stage and after induction. The temperature limit of induced expression resistance was 16? 18 鈩，
本文编号：2442690
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