中国自然保护综合地理区划与自然保护区体系有效性分析
发布时间：2019-04-17 19:45
【摘要】：为了优化我国国家级自然保护区布局,提高自然保护区网络的有效性,该文以地貌、植被和自然保护区等空间分布数据为基础,采用叠加分析、TWINSPAN分类、保护空缺分析等方法,开展了自然保护综合地理区划,分析了我国自然保护区的建设现状和格局以及各地理单元的保护空缺,评估了国家级自然保护区对天然植被的保护有效性。研发了自然保护区生物多样性保护价值的定量评估方法,并用106个自然保护区进行了测试。依据以上研究结果和自然保护区建设关键区域分析,提出了国家级自然保护区体系的优化布局方案。主要结果和结论如下：1.提出了包括4个地貌大区、40个地貌地区、127个地貌亚地区和473个地貌区的地貌区划系统。提出了包括8个地理区域、37个地理地带、117个地理区和496个地理小区的自然保护综合地理区划。2.在自然保护区体系中,国家级自然保护区发挥着主体作用；野生植物、草原与草甸以及海洋和海岸类型自然保护区较少；中小型自然保护区居多,大型自然保护区较少且主要位于西南、西北等地；我国自然保护区空间分布格局倾向于局部聚集。3.有7个自然保护地理区和188个自然保护地理小区尚未建设国家级自然保护区。虽然这些地理单元的保护空缺并不是均需要开展自然保护区的建设布局,许多自然保护地理单元以栽培植被为主,但在一些自然生境较好的自然保护地理单元仍存在国家级自然保护区的保护空缺。4.超过8.85%的植被区和35.87%的植被小区并未进行国家级自然保护区的建设；近25%的自然植被群系未被国家级自然保护区有效保护。天山山地、黄土高原和东南沿海等地区植被的保护有效性低。在主要山地800 m以下的山地基部,野生动植物及其生境的保护力度不足。低海拔的水平地带性植被和基带植被在自然保护区建设过程中未得到足够重视,存在明显空缺。5.提出了从自然保护区的生态系统、物种多样性和遗传种质资源等三方面定量评估其生物多样性保护价值的数学模型和方法。测试发现河北南大港和辽河源、黑龙江镜泊湖等省级自然保护区物种多样性保护价值更高。此评估方法能很好识别自然保护区生态系统和物种多样性等保护价值。6.建议优先在202个地理小区对232处省级自然保护区进行升级,并在102个地理小区新建省级自然保护区；优先建设高岭-盘岭和长白山等6处自然保护区域,太行山北段和武夷山北段等14处自然保护区群；在10个地区促进跨境自然保护区网络的建设；对18个地区的自然保护区进行合并。
[Abstract]:In order to optimize the distribution of national nature reserve and improve the effectiveness of nature reserve network, based on the spatial distribution data of geomorphology, vegetation and nature reserve, this paper adopts the methods of superposition analysis, TWINSPAN classification and protection vacancy analysis, etc. In this paper, the comprehensive geographical division of nature conservation is carried out, the present situation and pattern of the construction of nature reserves in China and the protection gaps of each geographical unit are analyzed, and the effectiveness of national nature reserves in the protection of natural vegetation is evaluated. A quantitative evaluation method for biodiversity conservation value in nature reserves was developed and tested in 106 nature reserves. On the basis of the above research results and the analysis of the key regions of the nature reserve construction, the optimal layout scheme of the national nature reserve system is put forward. The main results and conclusions are as follows: 1. The geomorphological regionalization system including 4 geomorphological regions, 40 geomorphological areas, 127 geomorphological subregions and 473 geomorphological regions is proposed. The comprehensive geographical regionalization of natural conservation including 8 geographical areas, 37 geographical zones, 117 geographical areas and 496 geographical areas was proposed. In the nature reserve system, the national nature reserve plays the main role, the wild plants, grassland and meadows as well as marine and coastal type nature reserve are less; The small and medium-sized nature reserves are the majority, and the large nature reserves are few and mainly located in the southwest and northwest etc.; the spatial distribution pattern of the nature reserves in China tends to local aggregation. 3. There are 7 natural conservation geographical areas and 188 natural conservation geographical areas have not yet been built national nature reserves. Although the gaps in the protection of these geographical units do not necessarily require the construction and distribution of nature reserves, many of the geographical units of nature conservation are dominated by cultivated vegetation, However, in some of the natural conservation geographical units with better natural habitats, there are still gaps in the conservation of national nature reserves. 4. More than 8.85% of the vegetation areas and 35.87% of the vegetation plots have not been constructed in the national nature reserve, and nearly 25% of the natural vegetation series have not been effectively protected by the national nature reserve. The vegetation protection efficiency of Tianshan mountain, loess plateau and southeast coastal area is low. At the base of the mountain below 800 m, the protection of wildlife and its habitat is insufficient. The low altitude horizontal zonal vegetation and baseband vegetation have not been paid enough attention to during the construction of nature reserve, and there is obvious vacancy. 5. A mathematical model and method for quantitative evaluation of biodiversity conservation value in nature reserves from three aspects: ecosystem, species diversity and genetic germplasm resources were put forward. It was found that the conservation value of species diversity in provincial nature reserves such as Nandagang, Liaohe River Source, Jingpo Lake, Heilongjiang Province was higher than that in Hebei Province. This method can well identify conservation values such as ecosystem and species diversity in nature reserves. 6. It is suggested that 232 provincial nature reserves should be upgraded in 202 geographical districts and new provincial nature reserves should be set up in 102 geographical districts. Priority will be given to the construction of 6 natural conservation areas, including Gaoling-Panling and Changbai Mountains, 14 nature reserve groups such as the northern section of Taihang Mountain and the northern part of Wuyi Mountain, and the promotion of the construction of cross-border natural reserve networks in 10 areas; Merge the nature reserves in 18 regions.
【学位授予单位】：北京林业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S759.9
，
本文编号：2459744
[Abstract]:In order to optimize the distribution of national nature reserve and improve the effectiveness of nature reserve network, based on the spatial distribution data of geomorphology, vegetation and nature reserve, this paper adopts the methods of superposition analysis, TWINSPAN classification and protection vacancy analysis, etc. In this paper, the comprehensive geographical division of nature conservation is carried out, the present situation and pattern of the construction of nature reserves in China and the protection gaps of each geographical unit are analyzed, and the effectiveness of national nature reserves in the protection of natural vegetation is evaluated. A quantitative evaluation method for biodiversity conservation value in nature reserves was developed and tested in 106 nature reserves. On the basis of the above research results and the analysis of the key regions of the nature reserve construction, the optimal layout scheme of the national nature reserve system is put forward. The main results and conclusions are as follows: 1. The geomorphological regionalization system including 4 geomorphological regions, 40 geomorphological areas, 127 geomorphological subregions and 473 geomorphological regions is proposed. The comprehensive geographical regionalization of natural conservation including 8 geographical areas, 37 geographical zones, 117 geographical areas and 496 geographical areas was proposed. In the nature reserve system, the national nature reserve plays the main role, the wild plants, grassland and meadows as well as marine and coastal type nature reserve are less; The small and medium-sized nature reserves are the majority, and the large nature reserves are few and mainly located in the southwest and northwest etc.; the spatial distribution pattern of the nature reserves in China tends to local aggregation. 3. There are 7 natural conservation geographical areas and 188 natural conservation geographical areas have not yet been built national nature reserves. Although the gaps in the protection of these geographical units do not necessarily require the construction and distribution of nature reserves, many of the geographical units of nature conservation are dominated by cultivated vegetation, However, in some of the natural conservation geographical units with better natural habitats, there are still gaps in the conservation of national nature reserves. 4. More than 8.85% of the vegetation areas and 35.87% of the vegetation plots have not been constructed in the national nature reserve, and nearly 25% of the natural vegetation series have not been effectively protected by the national nature reserve. The vegetation protection efficiency of Tianshan mountain, loess plateau and southeast coastal area is low. At the base of the mountain below 800 m, the protection of wildlife and its habitat is insufficient. The low altitude horizontal zonal vegetation and baseband vegetation have not been paid enough attention to during the construction of nature reserve, and there is obvious vacancy. 5. A mathematical model and method for quantitative evaluation of biodiversity conservation value in nature reserves from three aspects: ecosystem, species diversity and genetic germplasm resources were put forward. It was found that the conservation value of species diversity in provincial nature reserves such as Nandagang, Liaohe River Source, Jingpo Lake, Heilongjiang Province was higher than that in Hebei Province. This method can well identify conservation values such as ecosystem and species diversity in nature reserves. 6. It is suggested that 232 provincial nature reserves should be upgraded in 202 geographical districts and new provincial nature reserves should be set up in 102 geographical districts. Priority will be given to the construction of 6 natural conservation areas, including Gaoling-Panling and Changbai Mountains, 14 nature reserve groups such as the northern section of Taihang Mountain and the northern part of Wuyi Mountain, and the promotion of the construction of cross-border natural reserve networks in 10 areas; Merge the nature reserves in 18 regions.
【学位授予单位】：北京林业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S759.9
，
本文编号：2459744
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