2006-2015年国内外水稻育种科技产出比较研究
发布时间：2019-05-10 07:41
【摘要】：水稻是我国重要的粮食作物,其品种选育和产业发展对我国国民经济和粮食安全具有深远影响。过去十年间我国水稻育种科技大力发展、成果丰硕,对主要科技产出进行总结,客观评价我国在该领域的基础研究能力和创新能力具有重要意义。目前针对国内外水稻育种研究领域科技产出的综合评价较少。为了揭示中国水稻育种在国际大格局中的地位和影响力、分析中国目前在世界水稻育种技术发展中具备的优势和不足,本研究以科技论文、专利、品种权为研究对象,对2006-2015年间国内外水稻育种基础研究能力和创新能力进行比较,得出以下结论：过去十年我国水稻育种科技产出总量跃居世界第一,该领域有41%的影响因子大于等于4.0的SCI论文(总量2434件)、68.02%的发明专利申请(总量3734件)来自中国,国内申请水稻品种权3264件,超过日本、欧盟和美国等国家和地区。过去十年间我国水稻育种科技发展迅速,年度论文发表数量、专利品种权申请量大幅增长,论文年度发文量超过150件、专利、品种权年度申请量分别在400件以上,领先世界其他国家且优势日益扩大。中国研究机构和科学家在水稻育种研究领域占踞主导地位,在全球论文发文机构和作者排名中、专利申请机构和发明人排名中都具有绝对优势,其中中国科学院、华中农业大学等机构在全球竞争态势中还表现出技术上的领先优势。但另一方面,过去十年里我国水稻育种科技产出的整体质量不高,论文影响力处于中下游水平,专利授权率和有效率均略低于全球平均水平,专利强度整体水平较低,88.39%的专利强度低于1,品种权存在授权审查周期长、授权率低、有效率低等问题,和美国、日本等国有较大差距。同时领域内高水平成果较少,虽然我国在该领域高水平科研领域已经跻身世界前列,但世界顶尖级科研论文数量仍较少,缺乏高质量专利、核心专利,与代表世界领先水平的美国差距巨大。我国在该领域与多个国家和研究机构展开了广泛的国际合作,发表的论文中54.61%的论文具有国际合作背景,国内高校和科研院所、各个科学家之间也合作频繁。此外,我国水稻育种技术领域主要分布在基因工程技术、杂交水稻育种技术和分子标记辅助选择育种技术三个方面。针对水稻育种技术研究领域我国目前的发展水平和国际地位,为推进学科建设、提升创新能力、促进产业化发展,本研究提出以下建议：1.研究建立以创新和质量为导向的农业科研评价体系,将评价重点从研究成果数量转向研究质量、原创价值和实际贡献。2.完善科研体系,优化学科建设的资源配置。3.提升专利、品种权质量和竞争力,促进科技成果转化。4.激发企业创新动力,加强产学研协同创新。5.加强国际合作和交流,提升科研创新能力。
[Abstract]:Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important food crop in China, and its variety breeding and industrial development have a profound impact on China's national economy and food security. In the past ten years, the science and technology of rice breeding in China has developed vigorously and achieved fruitful results. It is of great significance to summarize the main scientific and technological outputs and objectively evaluate the basic research ability and innovation ability of our country in this field. At present, the comprehensive evaluation of scientific and technological output in the field of rice breeding at home and abroad is less. In order to reveal the position and influence of Chinese rice breeding in the international pattern, and to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of China in the development of rice breeding technology in the world, this study takes scientific and technological papers, patents and variety rights as the research object. This paper compares the basic research ability and innovation ability of rice breeding at home and abroad in 2006 / 2015, and draws the following conclusions: in the past ten years, the total scientific and technological output of rice breeding in China has leapt to the first in the world. In this field, 41 per cent of SCI papers with an impact factor greater than or equal to 4.0 (a total of 2434), 68.02 per cent of invention patent applications (a total of 3734) came from China, and 3264 domestic rice variety rights were applied for, surpassing Japan. The European Union and the United States and other countries and regions. In the past ten years, the science and technology of rice breeding in China has developed rapidly. The number of annual papers published and the number of applications for patent variety rights have greatly increased. The annual number of papers issued is more than 150, and the number of annual applications for patents and variety rights is more than 400, respectively. Leading the rest of the world and expanding its advantage. Chinese research institutions and scientists occupy a dominant position in the field of rice breeding research. in the global ranking of thesis publishing institutions and authors, patent applicants and inventors have absolute advantages in the ranking of patent applicants and inventors. Huazhong Agricultural University and other institutions also show technical leadership in the global competitive situation. On the other hand, in the past ten years, the overall quality of rice breeding science and technology output in China is not high, the influence of this paper is in the middle and lower reaches, the patent authorization rate and efficiency are slightly lower than the global average level, and the overall level of patent intensity is low. 88.39% of the patent intensity is less than 1. There are some problems in variety right, such as long authorization review cycle, low authorization rate, low efficiency and so on, which is quite different from that of the United States, Japan and other countries. At the same time, there are few high-level achievements in the field. although China is already in the forefront of the world in the field of high-level scientific research in this field, the number of top scientific research papers in the world is still relatively small, lacking of high-quality patents and core patents. There is a huge gap with the United States, which represents the world's leading level. China has carried out extensive international cooperation with many countries and research institutions in this field. 54.61% of the papers published have the background of international cooperation, and domestic universities and scientific research institutes also cooperate frequently with each other. In addition, the field of rice breeding technology in China is mainly distributed in three aspects: genetic engineering technology, hybrid rice breeding technology and molecular marker assisted selection breeding technology. In view of the current development level and international position in the field of rice breeding technology research, in order to promote the discipline construction, enhance the innovation ability and promote the industrialization development, this study puts forward the following suggestions: 1. The research establishes an agricultural scientific research evaluation system guided by innovation and quality, and changes the emphasis of evaluation from the quantity of research results to the quality of research, original value and practical contribution. 2. Perfecting the scientific research system and optimizing the resource allocation of discipline construction. 3. Improve the quality and competitiveness of patents, variety rights, and promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements. 4. Stimulate the motivation of enterprise innovation and strengthen the collaborative innovation of industry, university and research. 5. We will strengthen international cooperation and exchanges and enhance the ability of scientific research and innovation.
【学位授予单位】：中国农业科学院
【学位级别】：博士后
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S511
本文编号：2473463
[Abstract]:Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important food crop in China, and its variety breeding and industrial development have a profound impact on China's national economy and food security. In the past ten years, the science and technology of rice breeding in China has developed vigorously and achieved fruitful results. It is of great significance to summarize the main scientific and technological outputs and objectively evaluate the basic research ability and innovation ability of our country in this field. At present, the comprehensive evaluation of scientific and technological output in the field of rice breeding at home and abroad is less. In order to reveal the position and influence of Chinese rice breeding in the international pattern, and to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of China in the development of rice breeding technology in the world, this study takes scientific and technological papers, patents and variety rights as the research object. This paper compares the basic research ability and innovation ability of rice breeding at home and abroad in 2006 / 2015, and draws the following conclusions: in the past ten years, the total scientific and technological output of rice breeding in China has leapt to the first in the world. In this field, 41 per cent of SCI papers with an impact factor greater than or equal to 4.0 (a total of 2434), 68.02 per cent of invention patent applications (a total of 3734) came from China, and 3264 domestic rice variety rights were applied for, surpassing Japan. The European Union and the United States and other countries and regions. In the past ten years, the science and technology of rice breeding in China has developed rapidly. The number of annual papers published and the number of applications for patent variety rights have greatly increased. The annual number of papers issued is more than 150, and the number of annual applications for patents and variety rights is more than 400, respectively. Leading the rest of the world and expanding its advantage. Chinese research institutions and scientists occupy a dominant position in the field of rice breeding research. in the global ranking of thesis publishing institutions and authors, patent applicants and inventors have absolute advantages in the ranking of patent applicants and inventors. Huazhong Agricultural University and other institutions also show technical leadership in the global competitive situation. On the other hand, in the past ten years, the overall quality of rice breeding science and technology output in China is not high, the influence of this paper is in the middle and lower reaches, the patent authorization rate and efficiency are slightly lower than the global average level, and the overall level of patent intensity is low. 88.39% of the patent intensity is less than 1. There are some problems in variety right, such as long authorization review cycle, low authorization rate, low efficiency and so on, which is quite different from that of the United States, Japan and other countries. At the same time, there are few high-level achievements in the field. although China is already in the forefront of the world in the field of high-level scientific research in this field, the number of top scientific research papers in the world is still relatively small, lacking of high-quality patents and core patents. There is a huge gap with the United States, which represents the world's leading level. China has carried out extensive international cooperation with many countries and research institutions in this field. 54.61% of the papers published have the background of international cooperation, and domestic universities and scientific research institutes also cooperate frequently with each other. In addition, the field of rice breeding technology in China is mainly distributed in three aspects: genetic engineering technology, hybrid rice breeding technology and molecular marker assisted selection breeding technology. In view of the current development level and international position in the field of rice breeding technology research, in order to promote the discipline construction, enhance the innovation ability and promote the industrialization development, this study puts forward the following suggestions: 1. The research establishes an agricultural scientific research evaluation system guided by innovation and quality, and changes the emphasis of evaluation from the quantity of research results to the quality of research, original value and practical contribution. 2. Perfecting the scientific research system and optimizing the resource allocation of discipline construction. 3. Improve the quality and competitiveness of patents, variety rights, and promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements. 4. Stimulate the motivation of enterprise innovation and strengthen the collaborative innovation of industry, university and research. 5. We will strengthen international cooperation and exchanges and enhance the ability of scientific research and innovation.
【学位授予单位】：中国农业科学院
【学位级别】：博士后
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S511
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