植物生长调节剂和施氮量对干旱胁迫下高粱氢氰酸含量及形态和生理指标的影响

发布时间：2021-02-03 17:13

　　高粱广泛种植于干旱与半干旱地区,可作为粮食、饲料、生物能源和酿酒原料。然而,气候变化引起的水资源短缺严重影响着世界各地的高粱产量与品质。植物内源性氰苷（cyanogenic glucosides,CGs）是一种具有天然生物活性的次生代谢产物,由α-羟基苷元与糖链连接而成。它可保护植物免受伤害。如植物利用内源性氰苷释放有毒的氢氰酸（HCN）以防止草食动物伤害。动物食用含氢氰酸的牧草会抑制动物体内金属酶的活性,特别是细胞色素氧化酶和呼吸电子传递链中关键酶的活性,从而导致动物中毒、重病、甚至死亡。研究发现饲料作物在干旱胁迫下不仅生物量降低,与此同时其体内的HCN含量大量增加,增加了草食动物中毒的风险。因此,控制饲料作物CGs含量,对平衡植物防御响应与食品安全具有重要意义。本论文结合田间实验与盆栽实验,探讨了喷施植物生长调节剂以及施加氮肥对干旱胁迫下高粱调整其体内氢氰酸含量、保证生物产量的作用机理。田间试验中,共种植12个高粱材料（10个甜高粱品种、1个苏丹草和1个饲草高粱）,分别在拔节、灌浆和成熟期采样测定HCN含量。从中选出叶片氢氰酸含量差异较大的三个高粱材料（甜高粱、苏丹草和饲草高粱）,... 

【文章来源】：西南大学重庆市 211工程院校 教育部直属院校

【文章页数】：140 页

【学位级别】：博士

【文章目录】：
Abstract
摘要
List of Abbreviations
Chapter 1 Research background
    1.1 General introduction of hydrocyanic acid in plants
    1.2 Drought and its effects on agricultural production
    1.3 Plant Responses to Plant growth regulators
    1.4.Plant responses to nitrogen
    1.5 Roles and plant growth regulators on HCN under water stress
    1.6 Objectives
Chapter 2 The increased hydrocyanic acid in drought-stressed sorghum could be alleviated byplant growth regulators
    2.1 Introduction
    2.2 Materials and methods
        2.2.1 Growth conditions
        2.2.2 Field experiment
        2.2.3 Pot experiment
        2.2.4 Statistical analysis
    2.3 Results
        2.3.1 Variation of HCN during different growing stage
        2.3.2 Effects of growth regulators on HCN
        2.3.3 Effects of growth regulators on soluble protein
        2.3.4 Effects of growth regulators on dry weight per plant
        2.3.5 Effects of growth regulators on plant height
        2.3.6 Effects of growth regulators on stem diameter
        2.3.7 Effects of growth regulators on leaf number per plant
        2.3.8 Effects of growth regulators on net photosynthetic rate
        2.3.9 Effects of growth regulators on stomatal conductance
        2.3.10 Effects of growth regulators on internal concentrations of CO2
        2.3.11 Effects of growth regulators on transpiration rate
        2.3.12 Effects of growth regulators on total chlorophyll
        2.3.13 Effects of growth regulators on malondialdehyde
        2.3.14 Effects of growth regulators on superoxide radical
        2.3.15 Effects of growth regulators on hydrogen peroxide
        2.3.16 Effects of growth regulators on peroxidase
        2.3.17 Effects of growth regulators on superoxide dismutase
        2.3.18 Effects of growth regulators on catalase activity
        2.3.19 Effects of growth regulators on ascorbate peroxides
    2.4 Discussion
Chapter 3 Interactive effects of nitrogen and drought on hydrocyanic acid in sorghum
    3.1 Introduction
    3.2 Materials and methods
        3.2.1 Growth conditions
        3.2.2 Experimental Design
        3.2.3 Sampling
        3.2.4 Observations
        3.2.5 Statistical analysis
    3.3 Results
        3.3.1 Effects of nitrogen application on HCN
        3.3.2 Effects of nitrogen application on soluble protein content
        3.3.3 Effects of nitrogen application on proline content
        3.3.4 Effects of nitrogen application on plant height
        3.3.5 Effects of nitrogen application on stem diameter
        3.3.6 Effects of nitrogen application on leaf number per plant
        3.3.7 Effects of nitrogen application on leaf area per plant
        3.3.8 Effects of nitrogen application on fresh weight per plant
        3.3.9 Effects of nitrogen application on dry weight per plant
        3.3.10 Effects of nitrogen application on dry root weight per plant
        3.3.11 Effects of nitrogen application on total chlorophyll
        3.3.12 Effects of nitrogen application on photosynthetic rate
        3.3.13 Effects of nitrogen application on internal concentrations of CO2
        3.3.14 Effects of nitrogen application on stomatal conductance
        3.3.15 Effects of nitrogen application on transpiration rate
        3.3.16 Effects of nitrogen application on superoxide radical
        3.3.17 Effects of nitrogen application on hydrogen peroxide
        3.3.18 Effects of nitrogen application on malondialdehyde content
        3.3.19 Effects of nitrogen application on superoxide dismutase
        3.3.20 Effects of nitrogen application on peroxidase
        3.3.21 Effects of nitrogen application on catalase
        3.3.22 Effects of nitrogen application on ascorbate peroxides
        3.3.23 Effects of nitrogen application on nitrogen content
        3.3.24 Effects of nitrogen application on phosphorus content
        3.3.25 Effects of nitrogen application on potassium content
    3.4 Discussion
Chapter 4 Conclusions
Reference
Acknowledgement
Project and publications during Ph D study


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