水分提取生物质炭对稻麦轮作下稻田土壤质量、作物产量和温室气体排放的影响

发布时间：2022-01-27 07:45

　　粮食生产是人类社会对气候变化的敏感产业之一。虽然现代农业科技和技术有助于降低农业脆弱性并提高生产力,但是几年来在美国、俄罗斯和中国发生的干旱和农业生产影响已经冲击了全球谷物市场,这凸显了农业的潜在脆弱性。这种脆弱性与土地退化有关,后者主要表现为土壤重金属污染,土壤有机质损失导致土壤结构变差、土壤紧实、土壤肥力流失,这些因素均导致农业生产力降低和脆弱性加剧。生物质废弃物转化的生物质炭是一种能改善土壤肥力、恢复土壤退化和减少全球农业温室气体排放的选择。十年来的大量研究表明,适当施用生物质炭可改善农业可持续性。生物质炭通常含有大量的稳定性碳库和少量但非常重要的活性碳库。但是没有足够的研究来考察这种活性碳库在生物质炭改良农业土壤的中对土壤质量、作物生产力和温室气体排放的影响。因此,本研究的目的是定量研究生物质炭改良水稻土对其土壤物理化性质、作物表现、微量养分有效性、土壤呼吸和温室气体排放等的效应幅度,并通过施用水浸提和未浸提生物质炭的比较,来辨析影响土壤理化性质、作物表现、微量元素有效性、土壤呼吸和温室气体排放的主要因素。本研究中,在中国太湖平原稻田中一次性施用生物质炭,连续观察2015-20... 

【文章来源】：南京农业大学江苏省211工程院校教育部直属院校

【文章页数】：114 页

【学位级别】：博士

【文章目录】：
ABSTRACT
摘要
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
    1.1 WHAT IS BIOCHAR
    1.2 WHY AND HOW IS BIOCHAR MADE
    1.3 RICE WHEAT ROTAION, RICE PADDY AND EXTRACTED BIOCHAR
    1.4 CLIMATE CHANGE AND BIOCHAR MOVEMENT
    1.5 BIOCHARS EFFECTS ON SOIL RESPIRATION
    1.6 BIOCHAR EFFECTS ON GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION AND CARBON SEQUESTRATION
    1.7 BIOCHAR EFFECTS ON PLANT GROWTH
    1.8 BIOCHAR EFFECTS ON SOIL MICROBIAL BIOMASS CARBON
    1.9 BIOCHAR EFFECTS ON SOIL FERTILITY AND PLANT NUTRIENTS
    1.10 BIOCHAR EFFECTS ON SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    1.11 STATEMENT OF THE SCIENTIFIC ISSUES AND RESEARCH OBJECTIVITY
    1.12 RESEARCH PATHWAY
CHAPTER 2 WATER EXTRACTION EFFECTS ON SOIL PROPERTIES ANDAVAILABILTY OF MICRONUTRIENTS
    2.1 INTRODUCTION
    2.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
        2.2.1 Biochar materials
        2.2.2 Extracted biochar
        2.2.3 Field trial
        2.2.4 Soil sampling and analysis
        2.2.5 Statistical analysis
    2.3 RESULTS
        2.3.1 Chemical properties of unextracted and extracted biochars
        2.3.2 Soil properties changes
        2.3.3 Soil micronutrients
    2.4 DISCUSSIONS
        2.4.1 Soil properties effects
        2.4.2 Soil micronutrients effects
    2.5 CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 3 WATER EXTRACTION EFFECTS ON CROP GROWTH ANDROOT MORPHOLOGY
    3.1 INTRODUCTION
    3.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
        3.2.1 Crop traits and yield measurement
    3.3 RESULTS
        3.3.1 Changes in plant traits
        3.3.2 Root morphology
        3.3.3 Grain and straw nutrient uptake
    3.4 DISCUSSION
        3.4.1 Biochar on crop growth
        3.4.2 Nutrients uptake with biochar
    3.5 CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 4 WATER-EXTRACTION EFFECTS ON CARBON FRACTION ANDGREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS
    4.1 INTRODUCTION
    4.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
        4.2.1 Soil and gas sampling
        4.2.2 Calculation for greenhouse gas emissions
    4.3 RESULTS
        4.3.1 SOC and MBC
        4.3.2 Soil respiration and GHG emissions
    4.4 DISCUSSION
    4.5 CONCLUSION
    4.6 WATER EXTRACTION EFFECTS CHANGES WITH CROP SEASONS
CHAPTER 5 OVERALL SYNTHESIS AND PERSPECTIVES
    5.1 Synthesis of findings
    5.2 Confines and research gaps
REFERENCES
PUBLICATIONS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT


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