梁启超的“力本论”思想研究

发布时间：2017-12-27 10:30

  本文关键词：梁启超的“力本论”思想研究　出处：《华东师范大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 力本论 动力 物力 心力

【摘要】：本文试图以“力”为视角重新解读梁启超的思想,综其一生,他都在思考“中国式动力如何可能”的问题。梁启超不仅以“物力”作为“动力”,而且将“心力”视为“动力”,因此构建了“力本论”的三部曲：“动力”、“物力”、“心力”。梁启超对“力本论”的思考首先指向“宇宙观的重建”。传统“虚静”的宇宙本体,在梁启超的思想视域中呈现为“力本论”的宇宙观。梁启超以“动力”说颠覆了古代宇宙观,进而以“动力因”取代“目的因”。借助于“推天理以明人事”的传统哲学思维范式,梁启超进而思考“历史进化”的动力。在他看来,历史之进化需要“竞争”与“创造”,同时对“暴力”亦有所思考。梁启超对“物力”的思考首先与“富强”的时代主题相涉,在寻求富强的视域中,物力表现为经济力量和军事力量。如果说物力富强是表面的国家目标,那么物力进步乃是进一步的诉求。“物力”在近代的勃兴,自然需要哲学的辩护。根据梁启超的见解,物力观的哲学基础内涵两个层面：“义利之辨”在近代的价值翻转、“理欲之争”在近代的逻辑展开。梁启超明确表示：在“动力的追寻”这一问题上,“心力”比“物力”更为重要。他对心力的理解有四个层面：一是在心理意义上的心力；二是在本体论意义上的心力；三是在道德哲学意义上的心力；四是在历史哲学意义上的心力。进而言之,他将“心力”与“意志力”互释,提出自由意志学说,不仅追问了“自由意志”如何可能,也意识到“自由意志”与“决定论”之间的内在紧张,并试图以“相容论”消解二者之间的张力。不惟如此,梁启超还窥见到当时中国人的“意志薄弱”,进而引发其对意志薄弱如何发生的思考,同时也提出了如何克服意志薄弱的解决之道。难能可贵的是,梁启超不仅构建了“力本论”的哲学体系,而且对“力本论”本身亦有所反思。质言之,以《欧游心影录》为背景的这一反思,一方面可以视为对“进化主义在中国”的反思；另一方亦可视为对“中国现代性之路”的反思。因此,梁启超对现代性危机的诊断,可以视为“反现代性的现代性理论”的致思路径。
[Abstract]:This article tries to reinterpret Liang Qichao's thought from the perspective of "force", and he is thinking about the question of "how the Chinese power is possible". Liang Qichao not only regards "material force" as a "power", but also regards "heart power" as a "power". Therefore, the trilogy of "force based theory" is constructed: "power", "material force" and "mental strength". Liang Qichao's thinking of "the theory of force" first points to the "reconstruction of the view of the universe". The traditional "silent" universe noumenon appears in Liang Qichao's ideological horizon as a "force - based" view of the universe. Liang Qichao subverted the ancient cosmological view by "power", and then replaced "purpose cause" with "motive force". With the help of "push the justice to that personnel" of the traditional philosophy, Liang Qichao and then think about "power history evolution". In his view, the evolution of history needs "competition" and "creation", while the "violence" is also thought. Liang Qichao's thinking of "material power" is first related to the theme of "rich and strong". In the field of seeking prosperity and strength, the power of material is economic and military. If the material strength is the national goal of the surface, the progress of material force is the further demand. "Material force" in the modern flourishing, nature needs the defense of philosophy. According to Liang Qichao's view, the philosophical foundation of the material force view includes two levels: the logic of "righteousness and profit differentiation" in modern times, and the argument of "reason and desire" in modern logic. Liang Qichao made it clear that "heart force" is more important than "physical force" on the issue of "pursuit of power". His understanding of mental force includes four levels: one is mental power in psychological sense; the other is in the sense of ontology; the three is the mental force in the sense of moral philosophy; the four is the mental force in the sense of historical philosophy. Furthermore, he will "force" and "willpower" mutual interpretation, free will theory, not only asked for "free will" how possible is also aware of the inherent tension between the free will "and" determinism ", and attempts to" compatibility theory "resolution of the tension between the two. Not only that, Liang Qichao also saw the "weak will" of the Chinese at that time, which led to its thinking about how the weak will happen. At the same time, it also put forward how to overcome the weak minded solution. It is precious that Liang Qichao not only constructs the philosophical system of "the theory of force", but also reflects on the theory of force itself. In other words, the "European tour was recorded heart shadow" as a reflection of the background, on the one hand can be seen as a reflection on evolutionism in Chinese "; the other party is also regarded as a reflection of" Chinese modernity way ". Therefore, Liang Qichao's diagnosis of modernity crisis can be regarded as the thinking path of "modernity theory of anti modernity".
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B259.1
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本文编号：1341358