以文化认知推进公民有序政治参与研究

发布时间：2017-12-27 20:02

  本文关键词：以文化认知推进公民有序政治参与研究　出处：《山东大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 文化 文化认知 有序 政治参与

【摘要】：在当今社会的发展中,文化发挥出越来越大的导向、整合、教育等作用。但值得特别指出,文化作用的发挥必须建立在人对文化认知基础之上。因为只有通过文化认知才能把握文化的价值意义,并由此产生相关的文化理念,进而才能自觉利用文化指导完成具体活动。把公民政治参与放在文化认知的视域下,可以发现公民政治参与同样需要把文化认知作为前提和条件。因为公民只有对现实的政治文化产生一定的文化认知,才能产生相应的政治态度、政治取向和政治行为。因此,民主政治文化的建设对公民政治参与的促进作用是不能忽视的。民主政治文化的核心是民主,那么对民主政治文化的文化认知无疑应该集中在对民主政治及其现象的认识和理解的基础上进行。由于人的认知是在一定的文化背景下,即以先前所积累的政治文化知识和经验为基础而完成和完善的认知。所以,公民在政治文化认知过程中,会利用已有的政治文化知识及经验,对所要认识的社会政治体系及现象进行分析和推理,并做出正确的判断。因此,根深蒂固的封建社会传统的政治观念会对当今公民形成正确的文化认知产生消极的影响,所以摆脱传统文化消极因素自然成为了公民政治参与活动的当务之急。中国传统文化牵涉面太广,有积极因素,也有消极因素,其中最大的消极因素就在于对"民主"意识的缺失、"民主"手段的陌生、"民主"权利的漠视。在这种情况下,个人以为应该加大传统文化中的负面因素的批判力度,特别警惕这些负面因素的借尸还魂。在以文化认知参与政治的过程中,有辨别的对待那些貌似是"群众共识""有广泛民意""全民共讨"等。当然,中国传统政治文化的消极影响,不可能只是影响民众层面,它对国家政府层面的影响同样是不可低估的。因此,在对民主政治文化的认知上,各个层面的政治主体都有必要摆脱传统的、扭曲的政治文化认知的束缚,更新思想观念,正确把握民主政治的内涵。公民通过对社会民主政治文化的文化认知,核心在于对"民主"形成正确的理解和认识,即知晓什么是民主、自己拥有如何的民主权利、什么样的行为才能算得上民主。因此,公民社会民主政治文化的文化认知的关键是由此形成公民意识、主体意识、权利意识、责任意识、规范意识和法律意识等。而所有意识的集合在一起体现在公民的"角色意识"中,即通常所讲的要知晓"我要做什么、我能做什么、应该做什么、不能做什么"。公民在政治文化认知中,与国家政府达成政治上认同是至关重要的。其政治认同既包括政治主体认同,即国家政府及执政党与公民之间的相互认同;还包括政治规范的认同,即公民对国家政治制度、国家法律与政策的认同。前者是公民政治参与的政治基础,后者是公民政治参与基本原则。只有在政治认同的基础上,才能产生公民与国家政府之间的相互信赖和相互支持。只有通过政治文化认知,才能让公民明白"公民意识"并不仅仅表现为主体意识和权利意识,还包括责任意识和规则意识。积极参与政治,用实际行动参政和议政,但绝不意味着可以任性地蛮干,更不意味着可以不顾一切地乱干。因此,把政治参与行为规范在法律允许和法律保护的范围之内,通过对非法参与和非制度化的否定,才能使公民与国家政府之间产生良性互动,建立起合理的利益耦合机制,从而降低政治摩擦的系数,有利于解决公民之间和公民与国家政府之间产生的各种矛盾。对民主政治文化认知,不仅在于扩大有序公民政治参与,更重要的是在此基础上形成公民政治参与文化。公民政治参与文化的特点应该是在与国家政府达成政治认同前提下,首先保证实现真正意义上的民主政治参与。没有公民的参与固然难于形成公民政治参与文化,但公民政治参与不是自觉自愿的参与,而是在政府动员号召下的被动参与,或是当自己合法权益受到侵害而被逼无奈的参与,由于公民的主体地位并没有得到真正的体现,因此,只能形成扭曲的公民政治参与文化;这是公民政治参与文化的主要内容。其二,公民政治参与要体现出规范有序的政治参与。有序是在规范中的有序,即政治参与在法律法规范围内开展各种活动,规范是保障有序的规范,即法律法规要起到对公民政治参与活动提供维护作用。这是公民政治参与文化的最主要外在形式。其三,公民政治参与应该成为促进社会稳定的政治参与。充满民主的社会一定是安全稳定的社会,同样,安全稳定的社会一定会是处处充满民主的社会。因为民主意味社会各方面的和谐,社会各方面的和谐带来民主。通过公民政治参与显示社会的民主,通过民主给公民政治参与创造更多的机会和条件,这样的社会表象背后是社会的繁荣,这正是公民政治参与文化最明显的社会作用。我们必须承认,在公民形成民主政治文化认知的同时,对公民进行有关民主方面教育是完全必要的。但公民政治参与的实践告诉人们:指望公民的政治文化素质达到一定的令人满意程度,再允许其参与政治不过是因噎废食的举动。事实上,公民通过接受文化教育而产生文化与公民的政治参与实践应该在同一个过程中进行的。因此,大胆支持公民积极政治参与的活动,引导公民在政治文化参与的实践中不断扩展政治知识和增强民主意识,培养和提升公民对社会主义政治体系的归属感、认同感、政治责任感。让公民在政治参与实践中提高自身的民主政治行为能力,并不断积累政治经验,才能使公民更加成熟地完成政治参与。文化认知对我国公民有序政治参与的发展具有重要的时代意义,文化认知同时决定了公民政治参与政治认同的心理基础、主体意识对政治角色的认知、公民政治参与的行为方式、公民对民主政治文化认知的认识和理解。文化认知又作为人类掌握世界的独特方式、社会存在的复合条件、自我相关的中介系统、文明进步的动力源泉、生活实践的总体性尺度对公民政治有序参与产生作用与影响。在此基础之上,本文指出了以文化认知推进公民有序政治参与的基本思路,即构建具有文化认知效应的公民有序政治参与环境、树立具有反身而诚的公民有序政治参与自我革命意识、建立具有宏微互渗的认知体系、构建具有科学性的认知系统、发挥具有文化自觉管理参与功能。
[Abstract]:In the development of today's society, culture has played a more and more important role in guidance, integration, education and so on. But it is worth noting that the role of culture must be built on the basis of people's cultural cognition. Because only by cultural cognition can we grasp the value and meaning of culture, and produce relevant cultural ideas, so that we can consciously use cultural guidance to accomplish specific activities. Taking the political participation of citizens in the perspective of cultural cognition, we can find that the political participation of citizens also needs to take cultural cognition as a prerequisite and condition. Because only the citizens have a certain cultural cognition to the realistic political culture, they can produce the corresponding political attitude, political orientation and political behavior. Therefore, the promotion of the construction of democratic political culture to the political participation of citizens can not be ignored. The core of democratic political culture is democracy, so the cultural cognition of democratic political culture should focus on the understanding and understanding of democratic politics and its phenomena. Human cognition is completed and perfected in a certain cultural background, which is based on the previously accumulated political and cultural knowledge and experience. Therefore, in the process of political culture cognition, citizens will make use of the existing political culture knowledge and experience to analyze and reason the social political system and phenomena that we need to know, and make the correct judgement. Therefore, the deep-rooted feudal society's traditional political ideas will have a negative impact on the citizens' right cultural cognition nowadays. Therefore, getting rid of the negative factors of traditional culture has become a top priority for citizen's political participation. Chinese traditional culture involves too many factors, including positive factors and negative factors. The most negative factor is the lack of awareness of democracy, the strangeness of "democracy" and the disregard of "democratic rights". In this case, individuals that should increase the negative factors in the traditional culture of criticism, especially wary of these negative factors in. In the process of participating in politics with cultural cognition, there seems to be a discernible treatment of "popular consensus", "widespread public opinion" and "common denounce". Of course, the negative influence of Chinese traditional political culture can not only affect the level of the people, but it can not be underestimated at the level of the national government. Therefore, in the recognition of democratic political culture, all levels of political subjects need to get rid of the traditional and distorted political and cultural cognitive constraints, renew their ideas and correctly grasp the connotation of democratic politics. Through the cultural cognition of social democratic politics and culture, the core of citizens lies in the correct understanding and understanding of democracy, namely, knowing what democracy is, how democratic rights they have, and what kind of behavior can be regarded as democracy. Therefore, the key to the cultural cognition of civil society's democratic politics and culture is to form civic consciousness, subjective consciousness, right consciousness, responsibility consciousness, norm consciousness and law consciousness. And the combination of all consciousness is embodied in the citizen's role consciousness, that is, what we usually say is to know what I want to do, what I can do, what I can do, what I should do and what I cannot do. In political and cultural cognition, it is essential for citizens to agree with the government to achieve political identity. Their political identity includes both the identification of the political subject, namely, the mutual recognition between the national government and the ruling party and the citizens, as well as the identification of political norms, that is, citizens' recognition of the national political system, national laws and policies. The former is the political basis of citizen's political participation, and the latter is the basic principle of citizen's political participation. Only on the basis of political identity can the mutual trust and mutual support between the citizens and the state government be created. Only through political and cultural cognition can citizens understand that "civic awareness" is not only manifested in the sense of subjectivity and rights, but also in the sense of responsibility and rule. Active participation in politics, with practical actions in politics and government, but by no means can not act recklessly, but that does not mean to do can fling caution to the winds. Therefore, the specification within the law and the legal protection of political participation, through the negation of the illegal participation and non institutional, in order to make the interaction between citizens and the state government, establish reasonable benefit coupling mechanism, so as to reduce the friction coefficient of the political, there are various kinds of conflicts between citizens and to solve the citizen and the state government. The cultural cognition of democratic politics is not only to expand the political participation of orderly citizens, but also to form a culture of citizen political participation on this basis. The characteristics of citizen's political participation should be to ensure the realization of democratic political participation on the premise of reaching political identity with the state government. No citizen participation is difficult to form a culture of citizen political participation, but the political participation of citizens not willing to participate, but passive participation in government mobilization call, or when their legitimate rights and interests are infringed upon and forced to participate, because of the status of citizens has not been truly reflected, therefore, only the formation of citizen culture political participation is distorted; this is the main content of culture of citizen's political participation. Secondly, the political participation of citizens should be embodied in a standardized and orderly manner. Order is in the order of norms, that is, political participation in various activities within the scope of laws and regulations, norms are to protect orderly norms, that is, laws and regulations play a role in safeguarding citizens' participation in political activities. This is the most important external form of citizen's political participation in culture. Third, the political participation of citizens should be the political participation to promote social stability. A society full of democracy must be a safe and stable society. Similarly, a secure and stable society will be filled with people everywhere.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G02;D621.5
，

本文编号：1342975