论柏拉图思想的表达

发布时间：2017-12-28 14:28

本文关键词：论柏拉图思想的表达　出处：《上海师范大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：哲学思想的一般表现形式是思维过程、理论、原则以及观点。而柏拉图与大多数哲学家不同,用对话写作哲学、表现哲学家,并在这过程中不明确表明自己的观点,这是柏拉图思想的特点。在描述、论证类的哲学作品中,哲学如何表达似乎并不成问题。但柏拉图哲学在形式上的特殊性让哲学的表达成为研究的主题。只有对柏拉图以写作的方式进行思想表达这样一种表达思想的方式进行分析,研究柏拉图哲学如何表现自身,才能更好地理解柏拉图哲学。柏拉图哲学除了柏拉图留下的作品和有关学园教学的传闻,最重要的是他以写作把苏格拉底作为主角的对话为表达自己的思想的方式。柏拉图通过写作这一行动达到几个效果:首先他的写作在苏格拉底与读者之间建立了一条哲学之链。柏拉图的写作将苏格拉底的哲学活动保存下来。苏格拉底是独特的哲学家,他的哲学就是他的一生,不能将他的哲学活动归结为书面化的理论和观点,也不能模仿他的生活。柏拉图的写作将苏格拉底的哲学活动记录下来。当然,记录苏格拉底的过程,以及在这过程中增添和删减的要素,是不能进入哲学探讨的。关键是柏拉图在记录苏格拉底的哲学活动时,完成了苏格拉底式哲学活动的转型。这一转型可从两方面理解,一是哲学研究从苏格拉底式的行动变为书面写作;二是柏拉图对苏格拉底的哲学活动保持沉默,因此很难断定这些书面对话是柏拉图的思想还是苏格拉底的思想。其次,柏拉图的写作在哲学上建立了绝对的优势,对话中的哲学家苏格拉底排挤了其他作家描写的苏格拉底,例如色诺芬、第欧根尼、亚里士多德等人。读者只有通过柏拉图的书面写作才能研究苏格拉底的哲学,而其他作家的论述只能成为柏拉图对话的补充。最后,柏拉图的写作本来是一个传达思想的中介行为,却成为既无法还原为哲学理论又无法模仿的哲学中心,成为柏拉图思想的表达方式。柏拉图的写作在遮蔽苏格拉底的原型的同时也遮蔽了柏拉图的原型,他的历史、写作动机、写作方法等都无法考证。但是对话是无可动摇的中心。柏拉图通过书写书面的对话将苏格拉底的哲学活动展现给读者,也通过对话呈现自己的思想。读者面临的挑战是:除了通过写作行为写下来的东西,哲学还有别的表达方式。苏格拉底和第欧根尼以非写作化的行为来表达哲学,柏拉图采取了写作的方式进行思想表达。我们应关注思想自身。
[Abstract]:The general form of philosophical thinking is the process of thinking, theory, principle and view. Platon and most philosophers are different from others. They write philosophies and philosophers through dialogue, and do not clearly show their views in the process. This is the characteristic of Platon's thought. In the philosophical works of description and argumentation, it seems that the expression of philosophy does not seem to be a problem. But the special form of Platon's philosophy makes the expression of philosophy the subject of research. Only by analyzing Platon's way of thinking and expressing this way of thinking in writing way, can we better understand Platon's philosophy by studying how to express herself in philosophy. Besides Platon's works and rumors about school teaching, the most important thing of Platon's philosophy is the way to express his thoughts by writing the dialogue as the leading role of Socrates. Platon has achieved several effects by writing this action: first, his writing has set up a chain of philosophy between Socrates and his readers. Platon's writing has preserved Socrates' philosophical activities. Socrates is a unique philosopher. His philosophy is his life. He can't attribute his philosophical activities to written theories and viewpoints, nor imitate his life. Platon's writing records Socrates' philosophical activities. Of course, the process of recording Socrates, as well as the elements of addition and deletion in this process, can not be discussed in philosophy. The key is that Platon completed the transformation of Socratic philosophical activities when he recorded the philosophical activities of Socrates. This transformation can be understood from two aspects. First, philosophical research has changed from Socrates's action to written writing. The two is Platon's silence on Socrates's philosophical activities, so it's hard to decide whether these written dialogues are Platon's thoughts or Socrates's thoughts. Secondly, Platon's writing has established the absolute advantage in philosophy, in the dialogue of the philosopher Socrates squeezed out other writers such as Socrates, Xenophon, Aristotle, et al. Diogenes. Only by Platon's written writing can the readers study Socrates's philosophy, and other writers' discourse can only be a supplement to Platon's dialogue. In the end, Platon's writing was originally an intermediary act to convey thoughts, but it became a philosophical center which could neither be reduced to philosophical theory nor imitated. It became the way of expression of Platon thought. Platon's writing obscured Platon's archetype while blocking the prototype of Socrates. His history, writing motivation and writing methods couldn't be verified. But dialogue is the unwavering center. By writing a written dialogue, Platon presents Socrates' philosophical activities to the readers and presents his thoughts through dialogue. The challenge for readers is that, in addition to what is written by writing, there are other ways of expressing philosophy. Socrates and Diogenes in writing of behavior to the expression of philosophy, Platon has adopted the way of writing thought and expression. We should pay attention to the mind itself.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B502.232

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