白云禅系研究

发布时间：2017-12-28 13:39

本文关键词：白云禅系研究　出处：《中央民族大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：佛教自东汉明帝从印度传入以来,和各类文化冲击的调适中,历经两千余年而不衰,和中国固有的传统文化碰撞融合直至扎根发芽,成为具有中国特色的中国佛教。桐柏山的主峰太白顶雄踞在随州和桐柏之间,跨越湖北和河南两个省份,为古今高僧隐士坐禅修炼之地。早在周朝时《尚书·禹贡》在叙述全国名山时说:"道熊耳、外方、桐柏至于负尾(陪尾)"已把桐柏山列为全国的名山之一,道书《云笈七签》把桐柏山列为仙人所居七十二福地之第四十四福地。佛教传入桐柏山大约开始于唐代,清朝乾隆四十九年,四川宁远府德昌县宗林寺开山和尚端德来桐柏山开山收徒,端德由自己名号起始,嗣演名、号派各32字。名派:端圆常寂、了极融通、直传海印、妙演心空、性观普照、道显祖风、真智本觉、达法明宗;号派:华慧海云、德法普浩、真如性体、清净妙道、心含宝月、朗然洁皎、灵山一脉、古今光耀。并且嘱咐弟子圆明在太白顶建云台禅寺,弟子圆真在桃花洞建普化禅寺。自此,端德派系在桐柏山迅速发展,并渐成独据之势,发展为以太白顶为主体的白云禅系。桐柏山深处中原腹地,在孕育和催发中国佛教的过程中,发挥了重要作用。在时代性转换上,白云禅系的早期出家人,以普通老百姓为主,部分僧人深山修持,农禅并举,承继百丈家风,在不自觉中也延续中国式山林佛教的发展。白云禅系虽然起源于地理位置封闭的桐柏山区,但是始终保持着开放性的视野,十分重视佛教的教育事业与对佛教学术研究的追求,这种现象在近当代白云禅系僧人中尤其明显。在僧信关系上,任何一个时代一个地区的佛教兴盛,都和当地的信徒和群众保持了恰当的互动关系。一方面出家人的良好素质能带动更多人的走近佛教,接触佛教,学佛环境的烘托和群众信仰基础的建造,更能凸显佛教的影响力。白云禅系是一个地域性特色相对明显的宗派,出家人和信徒都多来自桐柏山周围地区,僧人们的严持戒律和苦行,为信众树立了自己的模范形象,尤其是桐柏山地区盛产草药,在出家人的团队中,多有懂得医术的禅师,他们自己种药、采药、制药,免费给当地的老百姓提供医疗救助,他们高超的医术和慈悲心肠,得到了诸多人士的赞许,白云禅系这种有群众基础的弘法事业,显示出其经久不息的力量和无限的生命力。在血脉和法脉的互动上,在佛教创立之初,佛陀的眷属因受佛陀的影响出家或者皈依的例子就很多。在白云禅系的发展历史上,家族出家的案例屈指可数。但是在当代,血脉和法脉良性互动,共同践行解脱道的家庭传承了佛陀在世时的优良家风,这说明桐柏山浓郁的佛教信仰气氛,丰厚的佛学资源,对周围的影响力和辐射面都是很大的。出家修行,践行菩萨道,有上求下化的目标,成就菩萨的其中最重要的一个目标就是度化众生,而家族眷属便是芸芸众生的一部分,本该在度化的范围,何况血脉的亲情。在思想架构上,在白云禅系的禅门内部,他们自称是:"闷葫芦禅",一方面说明禅门内部对实修的重视,对言语文字的抛弃,另一方面,也体现出禅宗的意境高远以及其不可说性,使得不同宗派在入道方法的探寻上呈现出了不同的形式。白云禅系是一个有祖庭,有实体,有法徒子孙,有剃度师承关系的宗派。剃度的法脉是跟人生的因缘、出家的因缘、学佛的因缘,甚至将来修行成就的因缘都有非常重要的关系,因为剃度和最初的信仰连在一起,在汉传佛教中这种小的支脉的禅宗中,白云禅系具有一定的代表性。白云禅系历代祖师们的无碍智慧和强大的与时俱进的能力,凸显了佛教的生命力,能在不太寻常的时代中归山隐修,力求自保,又在昌明的时代中随顺时代因缘而复出,承上启下,使命运多舛的近现代的佛教没有断线,凸显了禅法的力量。本文尝试对从理论到实践,从农禅并举到文化自觉,整体全面展现白云禅系两百余年的曲折发展,这可能也是近现代中国佛教风云变幻,跌宕起伏的一个缩影。白云禅系发展的二百三十余年也是中华大地脱胎换骨的二百多年,白云禅系的发展反应出特殊历史时期中原佛教的观念转换,以圆融无碍的发展智慧,体现出近代中国的精神,也是中华民族坚忍不拔的写照。
[Abstract]:Buddhism spread from India since the Han Emperor Ming, and all kinds of culture shock adjustment, after two thousand years, and the traditional cultural collision China inherent fusion until take root, as Chinese Buddhism has China characteristics. Taibai mountain peak Tongbai top ranked between Suizhou and Tongbai, across Hubei and Henan two provinces, as the ancient hermit monk to practice meditation. In the early Zhou Dynasty "Yugong Shangshu" in the national famous mountain said: "the road, Tongbai, Xiong'er foreign as negative (with tail tail)" has been listed as one of the famous Tongbai Mountain National Road book, "yun ji seven" sign to Tongbai mountain as a fairy in the seventy-two place of forty-fourth fu. The introduction of Buddhism in Tongbai mountain began in the Tang Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty Qianlong forty-nine years, Sichuan Prefecture Dechang Ningyuan Zong Lin Temple Mountain monk Tongbai Shan mountains end up making his name, by the end of German origin, name, number of each faction heir played 32 words. A pie: quiet, very often end round financing, direct printing, wonderful sea view, the empty heart shines, Xianzu wind, true wisdom Rigpa and Dafa Ming Zon; number send: Hua Hui, Hao, as of Defapu Haiyun, wonderful Road, pure heart, Jie Jiao, containing hogetsu langin Lingshan a glorious, ancient and modern. And told his top building in Taibai Temple Ming pan, was built in the true disciple circle peach blossom cave temple. Since then, the rapid development in the end de factions of Tongbai mountain, and become the only according to the potential for the development of Taibai top as the main body of the white Yunchan. Tongbai mountain deep in the hinterland of the Central Plains, and in the birth of Buddhism in the process of China presses, has played an important role. In the transformation era, the early monk Yunchan white lines, to the ordinary people, some of the monks to the mountains, farming Zen simultaneously, Baizhang inherited the family tradition, unconsciously also continued the development of Chinese type mountain buddhism. The white Yunchan Department although originated in the closed geographical position of Tongbai mountainous area, but has always maintained an open vision, the pursuit of Buddhism attaches great importance to education and research of Buddhist academic, this phenomenon is especially obvious in the modern Yunchan Department of monks in white. In the relation of monks and letters, the flourishing of Buddhism in any area of any time has maintained a proper interaction with the local believers and the masses. On the one hand, a good quality of the people to bring more people to contact with Buddhism, Buddhism, Buddhist built environment contrast and the masses of faith, but also highlight the influence of buddhism. The white Yunchan system is a relatively obvious regional characteristics of sects, monks and believers are more from the area around the Tongbai mountain, discipline strictly and ascetic monks, and establish their own model of the image for believers, especially in Tongbai mountain area is rich in herbal medicine in monk's team, many understand medicine Jackson, their own drugs, herbs, pharmaceuticals, free of charge to the local people to provide medical assistance, their superb skill and compassion, get a lot of people praise, the white Yunchan mass based preaching career, showing its prolonged power and infinite vitality. In the interaction of blood and pulse method, in Buddhism was founded at the beginning, the Buddha families affected by the Buddha monk or converted many examples. In the history of development of white Yunchan system, one family a case. But at the present age, blood and pulse interaction, the common practice of the path to liberation inherited the fine tradition of family Buddha alive, this shows that Tongbai mountain rich Buddhist faith atmosphere, Buddhism is rich in resources, is a great influence on the surrounding and surface radiation. A monk, practicing the Bodhisattva, with the goal of seeking success, one of the goals of the Bodhisattva is the most important degree of sentient beings, and his family is a part of the numerous living beings, the range of the blood, and the family. In architecture, Zen Yunchan inside white lines, they claim to be "Enigma Zen", on one hand, the practice of Zen internal attention to abandon words, on the other hand, also reflects the lofty conception of Zen and its do not say, the different sects in search of in the method of showing a different form. The white line is a Yunchan Zuting, entity, the law and sons have ordained from the relations of sectarian. The pulse method is with the life of the tonsure monk Buddhist karma, karma, karma, and even the future practice is the achievement of the karma has very important relationship, because the tonsure and the original faith together in Chinese Buddhism in this small branch of Zen, white Yunchan has somerepresentation. The white lines are Yunchan ancient founder without wisdom and strong ability to keep pace with the times, highlighting the vitality of Buddhism, to strive to self repair, you hidden in unusual times, and in the society in Suishun karma era and the ill fated comeback, nexus, modern Buddhism did not break, highlights the power of meditation. This paper from theory to practice, from agricultural and simultaneously to the cultural consciousness, overall show the tortuous development of white Yunchan department for more than two hundred years, which is probably the modern Chinese Buddhism amidst the winds of change is a microcosm of the ups and downs. White Yunchan system development for more than two hundred and thirty years China is reborn for more than 200 years, the development of the white Yunchan reaction special historical period of Buddhism concept transformation, to develop harmonious wisdom, embodies the modern Chinese spirit, but also the Chinese nation does not pull the portrayal of perseverance.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B948

【相似文献】