“接班人”问题与1960年代初的文学—文化想象

发布时间：2018-01-05 00:28

  本文关键词：“接班人”问题与1960年代初的文学—文化想象　出处：《华东师范大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： “接班人” “1960年代” 《中国青年》 “问题讨论” 《早春二月》 《韩梅梅》 《接班人》 《年青的一代》 《红岩》

【摘要】：共和国在历经十年建设进入1960年代之时,内部既面临日益加剧的诸如“三大差别”等结构性问题,外部又有“和平演变”的威胁以及与苏联交恶所引发的对“修正主义”的担忧,这诸多因素导致了共和国的缔造者对共产主义事业将由谁来继承的忧虑。年青的一代因此被寄予厚望,他们作为“继承无产阶级革命事业”的“接班人”被期待能够充分发挥自身的主观能动性,以抗衡时代危机并开创出一个全新的世界,而问题的关键就在于如何召唤出这一新主体。从“接班人”问题到“如何培养接班人”,政治问题转化为文化教育问题,由此,“接班人”问题就成为这一时期文艺领域的核心主题：因此本文认为“接班人”问题构成了“1960年代”文学-文化想象的内在视野,这也是本文重新讨论这一时期的切入口,本文意图通过“接班人”问题来观察当时的人们如何思考、表达对时代问题的看法,并进一步讨论时代的话语方式与打造新主体之间的关系,由此揭示出1960年代文学-文化在应对时代命题时所遭遇的困境。具体如下：论文第一章试图从话语变迁的角度呈现出人们对“接班人”问题的认识。此章以《中国青年》“问题讨论”栏目上的读者来信为例,揭示“个人话语”如何作为“小资产阶级的自我”被消解；通过新的政治话语对“问题青年”肖文的批判,呈现出人们对时代危机的认识以及处理危机的方式。第二章则揭示出“接班人”问题的“反修防修”的时代语境。主要通过围绕电影《早春二月》的讨论来呈现“反修防修”的时代话语并进一步揭示出这一话语的困境。这两章都试图讨论,社会主义文化如何在话语层面建构、批判“接班人”这一新主体的他者。本文的第三、四章,则通过“就业”这一特定角度来切入“接班人”问题。选择“就业”问题,不仅因为“就业”问题本身能表征1960年代的危机,而且,青年人的“就业”问题也是人们对危机最易感知的领域。这两章所选择的三篇文本,《韩梅梅》《接班人》《年青的一代》,所展示的领域分别是农村、城市、以及更大的空间——由上海-青海所构成的发达地区与落后地区之间的关联,场域的变化也昭示着“就业”问题的深化；前两个文本分别是专业作家、业余写作爱好者所创作,选择不同时期、名家和业余创作者的作品,也意图形成一个鲜明的对照。第四章意图围绕话剧《年青的一代》的创作从两个层面展开,一是通过创作过程来展现作家的创作初衷如何被时代话语、领导话语所改编,从而作品不得不被一套观念性的话语方式所规定；一是意图在第三章的基础上讨论,当新主体所获得的政治视野只能表现为一套观念性的话语时,没有能被感性化的“新自我”势必使得新主体流于空洞,而这也正体现了打造“接班人”的困境。论文的第五章讨论《红岩》现象,在一个隐喻的意义上,我把小说《红岩》的创作看作是对“接班人问题”的一个总体回应,认为《红岩》对英雄主体的塑造在1960年代的文学创作中达到了一个新高度；不过,小说《红岩》又是组织化的写作方式的产物,因此本章意图在此基础上以“组织与信仰”为框架,讨论把共产主义事业视为信仰的英雄主体,如何生长出了超越组织的力量——而这也构成了社会主义内部的文化困境。
[Abstract]:Republic of China after ten years of construction in 1960s, is facing increasing internal such as "three differences" and other structural problems, external and "peaceful evolution" and the threat caused by the hostility of the Soviet Union and the "revisionist" concerns, these factors lead to the founder of Republic of communism who is going to inherit the cause of anxiety. The younger generation so high hopes, as they inherit the cause of proletarian revolution "of the" successor "is expected to give full play to their initiative, to compete with the era of crisis and create a new world, but the key question is how to summon this is a new subject. From the" successor "to" how to cultivate successors ", the political problem into the problem of culture and education, thus, the" successor "issue has become the field of literature and art in this period Theme: the "successor" made "inner vision 1960s" literary and cultural imagination, this is also this paper during this period starting, this paper intends to through the "successor" to observe how people think of times on the issue, and further discussion of the relationship between in the era of discourse style and create a new subject, which reveals the 1960s Literature - encountered in dealing with the cultural era proposition predicament. Specific as follows: the first chapter tries to show understanding of the "successor" problem from the angle of the changes of discourse. This chapter takes "China youth >" problem discussion "on the columns letters for example, reveals the" individual words "as" bourgeois self "by digestion; critique of the political discourse on the issue of" New Youth "Xiao Wen , showing awareness of crisis and crisis management. The second chapter reveals the "successor" of "opposing and preventing revisionism" era context. Mainly through the discussion around the movie in early February to present "Discourse" opposing and preventing revisionism "and further reveal the discourse predicament. The two chapter attempts to discuss how to construct the socialist culture at the discourse level, criticizing the" successor "of this new subject of the other. In the third, fourth chapter, through the" employment "of this specific angle" successor ". Select" employment ", not only because of" employment "itself can characterize 1960s the crisis, and the young people, the employment problem is people of crisis most easily perceived. The two chapter selected three text < > > energy-saving successors of the younger generation", showing the collar Domain are rural, city, and more space -- the association between developed areas composed of Shanghai - Qinghai and backward areas, field changes also heralds the "deepening employment"; the first two texts are professional writers, amateur writing enthusiasts are creative, choose a different period, famous and amateur artist's work, is also intended to form a distinctive control. The fourth chapter intentions around a young generation of creative drama < > from two aspects, one is through the creative process to show the writer's intention to be the speech of the times, leadership discourse adaptation, thus works have to be specified in a set of ideas the mode of discourse; one intends to discuss on the basis of the third chapter, the political vision only when the new subject obtained for a set of ideas of words, could not be emotional "self" is bound to make The new body become empty, and this is also reflected in the "successor" to create difficulties. The fifth chapter discusses "Hongyan > phenomenon, in a metaphorical sense, I put the novel < > Hongyan creation as a general response to the" successor ", that the shape of the < Hongyan > the main hero reached a new height in 1960s literature; however, the novel" red rock > is a product of the organization of the way of writing, so this chapter based on the intention to "organization and faith" as the framework, discuss the cause of communism belief as hero subject, how to grow up beyond the organization power, which also constitute the cultural dilemma of socialism itself.

【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：I206.7
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本文编号：1380803