“人民之子”与“荒芜英雄”—张承志论

发布时间：2018-01-07 21:04

本文关键词：“人民之子”与“荒芜英雄”—张承志论　出处：《上海大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在中国当代文坛上，张承志以他不灭不息的理想主义追求成为独树一帜的人物。翻检作家的生平概况，我们不难发现，在理想主义背后，张承志有一份颇为特别的人生履历。文革期间，他是“红卫兵”一词的发明者，下乡知青中的一员；文革结束后，他是首批接受研究生教育的知识分子，频频获奖的文坛黑马；自1990年代以来，他是放弃一切公职游走于中国边疆和阿拉伯世界的自由文人，伊斯兰哲合忍耶教派的信仰者，坚定批判新帝国主义霸权的第三世界国际主义者。但是，在世所公认“理想主义”之外，关于张承志的巨大争议二十余年来也未曾平息。除了文风、性情上的偏执、过激、自大，人民神话的制造者、危险的民族主义者、道德乌托邦的鼓吹者、文化专制主义者、与伊斯兰信仰相关的原教旨主义者、恐怖主义者……都是加诸于作家头上的文化评判。要辨析这些身份标签与张承志的创作、思想之间的关系并非易事，它所涉及的远远不只是作家个人的写作。尖锐的争议表征着社会巨变撕扯下的思想冲突，事关两极分化社会格局中知识的位置与立场、如何对待后冷战世界体系中新的屠戮压迫与牺牲抵抗、大国崛起和内忧外患交叠下的中国选择什么道路；同时，在这些现实命题背后还埋伏着对中国的社会主义历史实践和整个第三世界革命的不同态度，包含着对近三十年来当代文学和思想文化脉络的重新检讨。今天，重新走近张承志、讨论张承志无疑是困难的，但正是使张承志成为一个难题的文学、思想、历史、现实等诸多要素，标志了他的重要性。本文试图深入解析这一难题，对作家的创作实践和人生道路进行更加完整也更具突破性的研究。自1978年初登文坛，张承志便提出了“为人民”的宗旨，这一创作原则连同“人民之子”的身份意识，无疑是他建立文学根底的重要支撑，但八九十年代之交，来自社会现实、文学和文化状况的刺激，，使得另外一种形象在张承志笔下愈发显著，这就是“荒芜英雄”。本文将紧扣“人民之子”和“荒芜英雄”所构成的双重自我形象对张承志展开论述。引言部分将以“理想主义”为核心，分阶段地整理、分析、评价既有的作家研究。前两章着意探究“为人民”创作原则的文学生成及其多样内涵，追溯1960年代的红卫兵理想与这一原则的深刻关联，并以新时期文学的发端语境为参照，讨论张承志的文学道路包含的独特意义。第三、四章结合《心灵史》等西北伊斯兰题材的作品，分析“人民之子”与“荒芜英雄”两重形象的转换，阐释“为人民”创作原则的内在紧张和矛盾，勾勒“荒芜英雄”的诞生及其内在问题。第五、六章则进入张承志的散文创作，继续抓住他的文学原则和人生取道，评判“人文精神”讨论阶段围绕作家的赞许和争议，梳理九十年代中期以后张承志散文写作的几个重要主题。综上，本文尝试回答的问题包括以下几个方面：其一，理想主义作为对张承志的写作与人生精神的提炼究竟蕴藏着哪些和历史、现实密切相关的文学连带，共存于理想主义内部的“人民之子”和“荒芜英雄”构成了怎样的关系，又对作家的创作产生了何种影响；其二，如果将张承志视为一个极具争议的另类作家，那么他的存在、他个人的文学写作和人生经验对当代文坛究竟意味着什么；其三，张承志所追求的知识分子与人民相结合的道路经历了怎样的艰难和曲折，他留下的思想资源为当下和未来的中国提供了怎样的启示。由于对象紧密地嵌入当代中国的历史语境和社会现实，也由于张承志对“文明内部的发言”的强调、对文化帝国主义的批判所表现出的第三世界立场，本文在方法上不会涉及更多的西方文学、文化理论，而是带入社会历史的变迁、文学潮流的更替，综合各方面资料，以文本细读为主要方式进入张承志的文学、思想和人生实践，以求在既有研究成果之上，重新阐释和解析张承志对我们这个时代的意义。
[Abstract]:China in the contemporary literary world, Zhang Chengzhi with the idealism of his eternal endless pursuit of the life of people. Has become an independent school among writers, it is not difficult to find, in the idealism behind, Zhang Chengzhi has a very special life experience. During the cultural revolution, he is the "Red Guards" of the inventor of the countryside a member of the youth; after the cultural revolution, he was one of the first graduate education of intellectuals, literary prize horse; since 1990s, he is free to give up all the public walk in Chinese literati border and Arabia world, Islamic jahrinya religious believers, criticizing Neo imperialist hegemony third the world internationalists. However, in the world recognized "idealism", about Zhang Chengzhi the great controversy over the past twenty years has never subsided. In addition to style, temperament paranoid, aggressive, arrogant, The makers of the people's mythology, the dangerous nationalists, the advocates of moral Utopian, the cultural absolutism, the fundamentalists related to the Islamic beliefs, the terrorists are all cultural judgments on the writers' heads.
To distinguish these tags and the creation of Zhang Chengzhi thought, the relationship between is not easy, it involves more than just the writer's personal writing. The sharp controversy characterizes the ideological conflicts in social upheaval tear, concerning the position and the position of knowledge of social polarization pattern, how to treat the new oppression killing in the Post Cold War world system with the sacrifice of resistance, the rise of great powers and overlapping the domestic trouble and foreign invasion to choose what Chinese road; at the same time, behind these realistic proposition also lie in different attitudes to the history and practice of socialist Chinese throughout the third world revolution, contains the review of contemporary literature and culture context of the past thirty years. Today, again approached Zhang Chengzhi, Zhang Chengzhi discuss is difficult, but it is that Zhang Chengzhi has become a difficult problem of literature, thought, history, reality and other factors, mark His importance.
This paper tries to research the problem of in-depth analysis, more complete and more breakthrough of the writer's creation practice and way of life. Since the beginning of 1978 to the literary world, Zhang Chengzhi has proposed a "people" purpose, the principle of creation together with the identity consciousness of people ", is undoubtedly an important support he established based on literature, but the turn of the 80s and 90s, from the social reality, literature and cultural status of the stimulus, makes another image increasingly significant in Zhang Chengzhi's works, this is the" wild hero ". This paper will double self image which focuses on" people "and" wild hero "to discuss Zhang Chengzhi introduction. Will be part of the" idealism "as the core, finishing stages, analysis, evaluation of the existing research. The first two chapters, the writer explores" literature creation principle for the people "and its diverse connotation, chase Back in 1960s the deep relationship between the ideal and the red guards of this principle, and in the context of the new period literature originated as a reference, discuss the unique significance of Zhang Chengzhi's literature contains. The third, fourth chapter discusses the "history of soul > Northwest Islamic works, analysis of" conversion man of the people "and" wild hero "double image. Interpretation of" for people "creation principle of the inherent tensions and contradictions, the outline of" born barren hero "and its inherent problems. The fifth, sixth chapter in Zhang Chengzhi's prose creation, his literary life and continue to hold the principle of taking, discussion around the writer's praise and controversy judge" humanistic spirit ", combing Zhang Chengzhi's prose writing after the middle of 90s several important topics.
In summary, this paper tries to answer the problem, including the following aspects: first, refined idealism as writing and life spirit of Zhang Chengzhi exactly which bears the reality and history, closely related to the literary joint, coexist in the idealistic internal "man of the people" and "wild hero" constitutes the relation to it what are the impacts on the writer's creation; second, if the offbeat writer Zhang Chengzhi is regarded as a highly controversial, so his presence, his literary writing and life experience to the contemporary literary world of what it means; thirdly, intellectuals and the people Zhang Chengzhi's pursuit of the way of combining the experience of how difficult and tortuous and he left the ideological resources for the current and future Chinese provides what enlightenment. Because the object is closely embedded China contemporary historical context and social reality, also Because of Zhang Chengzhi's emphasis on "civilization internal speech", criticism of cultural imperialism is shown by the third world position, this will not be involved in the western literature, more in the way of cultural theory, but changes into the social history, literary trend change, comprehensive information on all aspects, to read the text as the main way in Zhang Chengzhi's literary thought, and life practice, in order to the existing research results, re interpretation and analysis of Zhang Chengzhi of our time.

【学位授予单位】：上海大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：I207.42

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