现代汉语状态动词研究

发布时间：2018-01-08 03:27

本文关键词：现代汉语状态动词研究　出处：《上海师范大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在现代汉语词类研究中,动词研究尤其是动词的次范畴研究一直是汉语语法研究者所关心的问题。本文以作为现代汉语动词次类的状态动词为研究对象,对其性质、特点进行全面的描写与分析,希望可以通过系统地考察揭示该类动词在语法、语义、认知等方面的特点,探讨它们在现代汉语中的一些使用规律。全文共为七章。具体内容如下:第一章是绪论。本章对以往有关状态动词的研究进行回顾,主要对状态动词研究中的主要观点、成果和存在的问题作一简要的综述。第二章对状态动词进行考察和重新界定。从语义的角度对林杏光等主编的《现代汉语动词大词典》中的动词进行筛选,最终确定了373个状态动词作为研究对象。在分类上,我们以动词带上客体成分的可能性将状态动词分为两大类,然后根据动词所支配的必有语义成分的数量又将状态动词进行下位分类。第三章对状态动词的语法特征进行描写与分析。我们主要就状态动词作为动词的主要语法性质与语法功能和作其他语法成分如作主语、宾语、定语、补语的次要语法功能进行分析,并对状态动词带宾语、补语的情况进行了探讨,最后对各类状态动词所构成的句式分布进行归纳和描写。第四章主要考察和探讨状态动词与其他同现成分的共现规律。我们主要从汉语状态动词在句法上有共同性质的角度去论述,从多个角度比较详细地描写状态动词与同现成分的句法特征和分布规律,包括状态动词带“了”、“过”的考察,状态动词与“正、在(正在)......着呢”的搭配,状态动词是否能带上时量成分,状态动词与程度副词的搭配,以及状态动词与对象介词的同现等等。第五章考察了状态动词的句式语义、配价语义属性及状态动词的及物性等问题。状态动词所支配的必有语义成分主要有三个:系事、涉事、与事,三个语义角色配置的不同会引起句法结构的变化。我们具体地分析NP1、NP2、NP3的类型及它们之间的语义关系。从配价角度考察了一价、二价、三价状态动词的语义属性情况,并对状态动词的及物性问题进行了初步分析。我们认为能充当NP1的可以是表时间、处所、机构或指人的词语,能充当NP2和NP3的只能是具体名词和抽象名词。探讨了NP1、NP2和NP3三者之间的关系,从整体上来讲,NP1和NP2具有广义的领属关系,这种领属关系就是占有领属、附属领属、时间与处所、整体与部分等关系;而NP2与NP3之间则不存在结构关系。第六章主要探讨状态动词的界性问题和状态动词在时轴上的过程结构问题。对于汉语状态动词的界性问题,我们根据三要素即前界、后界、持续段的有无和强弱的特点,将汉语状态动词分为五小类进行考察。然后从这五类的界性特征及认知的角度来描写时量短语以及体标记“了”、“着”、“过”对汉语状态动词的界性的影响和制约情况。在汉语状态动词的过程结构考察中,主要探讨汉语状态动词的时间性等语义属性,分析并指出汉语状态动词如果放在时间结构上会体现出一个连续系统。第七章主要从汉语和越南语对比角度考察汉语与越南语状态动词的异同。我们从第二章的373个状态动词中筛选出167组汉语状态动词,将其与对应越译动词进行对比。根据《现代汉语动词大词典》对状态动词的解释义及《汉越词典》与其对应的解释义情况,从词义宽窄、词义交叉以及词义不对应等角度对汉语状态动词与其对应的越译动词进行比较分析,归纳其异同之处。其次,从语法功能、语义特征、句型结构等方面对汉语状态动词及其越译动词进行分析,归纳其异同点。再次,采用陈昌来先生的配价理论,对汉语状态动词及其越译动词进行语义成分的比较,归纳其异同点。最后,以汉语状态动词“死”和其对应越译动词“ch?t”作为个案,从语法特征、语义结构等方面进行全面地比较,归纳出两者的异同之处。
[Abstract]:In the study of modern Chinese lexical category, especially on time on the category of verb verb is always the concern of Chinese grammar research. In this paper, as a kind of modern Chinese verb state verbs as the research object, the nature, characteristics of the overall description and analysis, and hope that through the systematic investigation revealed the verb in grammar, semantics, cognitive characteristics and other aspects, to explore them in modern Chinese using rules. The thesis consists of seven chapters. The specific contents are as follows: the first chapter is the introduction. This chapter of the previous research on state verbs in the past, mainly on the main points of state verbs, achievements and limitations of the make a summary. The second chapter is to investigate and redefinition of state verbs. Screening of edited by Lin Xingguang "verbs in modern Chinese Dictionary > verbs from the semantic point of view, the final The 373 state verbs as the research object. On the classification, we use the verb with object composition on the possibility of the state verbs are divided into two categories, then according to the number of semantic components shall be governed by the verb and the state verbs under the classification. The third chapter on grammatical features of verb description and state analysis. We mainly state verbs as the main grammatical features and grammatical functions of verbs and other grammatical elements such as subject, object, attributive, complement minor grammatical function analysis, and with the object of state verb complement are discussed, finally the syntactic distribution of each state verbs are induced and description. The fourth chapter mainly discusses the co-occurrence regularity and explore the state verbs and other sentence constituents. We mainly from the Chinese state verbs have a common property perspective to discuss in syntax, from A more detailed description of the syntactic features and distribution rules of state verbs and co-occurrence components of multiple perspectives, including state verbs with "a", "" study, state verbs and ", in (is)... It..." the collocation, state verbs would bring the amount of ingredients, state verb collocation with the degree adverbs, and verbs and Object Preposition co-occurrence and so on. The fifth chapter describes the semantic state verb, transitive problems such as semantic attributes and valence state verbs. The State shall be governed by the verb has three main components: semantic, things, and events, three semantic roles different configurations will change the syntactic structure. We analyze the NP1, NP2, NP3 and the types of semantic relationships between them. The effects of price, from the valence angle of two valence, semantic properties of trivalent state verbs, and transitivity to state verbs The problem is analyzed. We think that can serve as NP1 can be time, place, or institution refers to the words that can serve as NP2 and NP3 are only concrete nouns and abstract nouns. To explore the relationship between NP2 and NP1, NP3 three, on the whole, NP1 and NP2 are generalized this is the genitive, possessive possessive genitive possession, affiliated time and place, the whole and the part of relationship between NP2 and NP3; and there is no structural relationship. The sixth chapter mainly discusses the boundary of state verbs and state verbs in the process of the shaft structure. For the problem of the boundary of Chinese state verbs we, according to the three elements: before, after, continue the characteristics and strength of the Chinese state verbs into five types were investigated. Then from the five kinds of the community characteristics and cognitive perspective to describe the time phrase and marker" "," "," "the verb of Chinese state circles of influence and restriction. In the process of investigation structure of Chinese state verbs, mainly discusses the time of Chinese verb semantic attribute state, analysis and points out that Chinese state verbs if placed in the structure of time will show a continuous system. The seventh chapter mainly discusses the similarities and differences between Chinese and Vietnamese state verbs from Chinese and Vietnamese comparative perspective. We selected 167 groups of Chinese verbs from 373 state verbs in the second chapter, with the corresponding translation of verbs are compared. According to the situation of modern Chinese" explains the meaning of the Verb Dictionary > state verb explanation and < Vietnamese dictionary > and the width from the meaning, translation of verb meaning and the meaning of the cross angle of Chinese verbs should not state the corresponding comparative analysis, summarized the similarities and differences of the second. And from the grammatical function, semantic features of Chinese verbs and verb translation state more aspects of sentence structure analysis, summarizes the similarities and differences. Thirdly, the valence theory of Mr. Chen Changlai, compare the semantic components of Chinese verbs and the translation of state verbs, summarizes its similarities and differences. Finally, the Chinese verb "dead state" the translation and the corresponding verb "ch? T" as a case, from the aspects of grammatical features, semantic structure of a comprehensive comparison, summed up the similarities and differences between the two.

【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：H146

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