畲族古歌音乐研究

发布时间：2018-01-10 03:32

  本文关键词：畲族古歌音乐研究　出处：《上海音乐学院》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 古歌 史诗 黄昏歌 停声 折声 打音唱 歌音 传度学法

【摘要】：畲族是南方少数民族中无系统文字的游耕少数民族,在现有畲族历史文化的研究成果中,有相当多的历史史料都是来自于歌的记忆。畲族的古老歌是以畲族人自己为主位的记忆,是畲族人自己关于对自我群体历史信息的回望,与汉族史籍居于汉人主位所记录的"畲族"以"蛮"、"獠"、"峒"、"徭"、"畲客婆"为描述对象的历史叙事显然是有差异的。畲族的"歌",不仅仅是"歌",她是一种"歌文化",是居于畲族族群内部的对于"状元"、"老师"、"秀才"等行列人士的一种显性评判标准,是畲族族群体现出广泛性存在的"歌老师"面貌的隐形特征的浮现。站在汉族文化的高地,畲族人普遍受教育的程度与汉人有差距,但以畲族为主体的畲歌却是一个包罗万象,富含哲理,无所不有的知识宝库,在畲族发展的历史长河中,畲歌是一座悬浮于畲族族群聚居地域上方的"空中学校",其传播的文化力量纵深地延续到自古到今的畲族人的血脉中。回溯这一条血脉的开端,"畲族古歌"的"传落"使畲族的文化基因得以忠实地遗传。她如此重要,却被人遗忘。当下,"畲族古歌"除了在文学、历史研究意义上被学者提及之外,尚未出现具音乐学意义的专门观察和研究。畲族古歌,必须厘清古歌和史诗在音乐学上的内涵和外延。考诸史册,古歌应该早于史诗的诞生,史诗是古歌在文学、诗歌样式上的成熟阶段。音乐学上的古歌概念则无需史诗所体现出来的庄重感、无需专门歌者、听众可在场也可不在场、无需宏大形制的设定。畲族古歌有狭义和广义之分。狭义范畴中,具有创世内容、神话传说、史诗性的古歌,包括公认的《高皇歌》、《祖公祖婆歌》、《盘古歌》等,广义范畴中,还应包含形制短小的祖宗歌、祭墓歌、劝理歌、祭祀歌、拉杂歌等。因此,考察畲族古歌,除了考察狭义的"古歌"之外,不应该忽视流变最少、传讹最少、传承单一的极具古老性的畲族宗教科仪歌和畲族儿歌。因此,笔者在田野调查一手资料基础上,从现有的古歌遗留中进行文化和音乐的分析,提出符合"畲族古歌"的三个条件,并从畲族人自述为最古老的《黄昏歌》出发对畲族古歌的"停声"、"级进音程"、"固定三音列"、"折声"、"非典型字词结构"、"打音唱"之古老歌音润腔、畲族的古老"学师"仪式等研究对象进行了音乐和文本上的细部分析,从而得出:畲族古歌的核心音高材料为"折声","折声"与各地"色彩音列"的组合便构成了各地的畲歌;畲歌字词的无序性体现了她的古老特征,畲族衬词的加入体现了畲族人关于衬词加入的性别区分,四字句字词结构或为畲歌形成之雏形完整形态;初次提出古老畲歌的润腔由五种主要歌音构成;针对目前学界的谬误,提出濒临失传的畲族古老大型仪式"传师学师"不是"祭祖"、不是"成人礼"、"传师学师"应为"传度学法"的结论;在目前学界对于"传度学法"仪式的概要记录基础上首次将"款头"内容进行了目前为止最为详细的现场记录;本文首次在仪式音乐词格中发现了仪式音乐唱词存在大量的其他民族所未见的畲族特殊词格"三条变",并将他们的原型与变化进行了"同结构"、"近结构"、"远结构"、"变结构"的阐释;文中在畲族仪式歌中发现了一首与河南省灵宝县的孝歌在音乐旋律表达上具有极高的相似度,为当下畲族族源考证之一的"源出河南夷"的学术猜想,提供了目前第一份音乐上的佐证。文末,笔者将畲歌的独特审美与畲歌"歌场"的"仪式化"与"网络化"转移进行了阐述。最后,笔者希望,真正的保护是不要去"干涉它",让它"自己生长",从外围给予帮助,而不是从内部进行干预,真正的失传是将她"吞噬"、"同化"、"异化","失去自我"。从外围给予一切支持,让它自己"活着",才会是真正的畲歌。
[Abstract]:She is not in the system text of southern minority nomadic minorities, in the current research results of the history of culture, there are quite a lot of historical data are from the song memory. She is the one old song to a main memory, is the man himself in the self group history information looking back, and historical records in the Han Chinese thematic recorded "Yu" to "man", "Liao", "cave", "Yao", "Yu Ke Po" to describe the historical narrative object is obviously different. She is not only the "song", "song", she is a "song culture", is she ethnic internal for the "champion", "teacher", "a dominant standard scholar" ranks of people, is she ethnic reflects the extensive existence of the emerging characteristics of stealth "Song teacher" appearance. In Han culture highland, she general education and Han Chinese But in the gap, as the main body of the song she is a cover and contain everything, rich in philosophy, Nothing needed is lacking. knowledge, in the development of history, the song she is a suspended in the She ethnic inhabit region above the "School of the air", the cultural strength of its spread deep into continuation from ancient times to the present She nationality people the blood. The blood vessels start backtracking, "the ancient song" "from" the cultural gene of she be faithfully inherited. She is so important, but forgotten. Now, "the ancient song" in literature, historical significance is mentioned, has not yet appeared special observation and study with music sense. She must clarify the ancient ancient songs, songs and music on the epic in connotation and extension. In the history of ancient song should be born early in the epic, epic is the ancient song poetry in the literary style, mature stage. The science of music The concept of ancient song without epic reflected the solemn sense, no special singer, the audience can present or not present, no grand shape setting. The ancient song of the narrow and broad points. The narrow scope, with the creation of content, myths and legends, epic of ancient songs, including recognized the < < > high Huangge, Zu Gong Zu Po song > >, < Pangu song, a broad category, should also include the short form offering tomb fathers song, song, Song Li advised, worship songs, songs such as things. Therefore, the study of ancient song, in addition to investigate the narrow "ancient song" should not be ignored, at least to some minimum, rheological, single inheritance of the religious ritual of very ancient song and the songs. Therefore, the investigation of first-hand information based on the field, analyze the culture and music from the existing legacy of ancient song, put forward in line with the three conditions of the ancient song ". And she is the oldest person in the readme 鐨，

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