荀子哲学思想研究

发布时间：2018-01-11 05:11

  本文关键词：荀子哲学思想研究　出处：《河北大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 荀子 天人论 人性论 心论 正名论 礼论

【摘要】：荀子是战国后期的杰出思想家,是先秦儒家思想的集大成者。在春秋战国学术思潮的影响下,荀子站在儒家思想的立场上吸收和批判各家思想,使其思想呈现出融会百家,包罗万象的特色。荀子思想开启了战国学术思想综合会通的先河,他隆礼重法的治国思想影响了两千多年的中国封建社会。本文通过阐述其天人论、人性论、心论、正名论和礼论五个方面的理论问题,系统诠释荀子哲学的理论体系。在天人论中,荀子“明于天人之分”的思想冲破了“天命论”的枷锁,强调人不要期待神秘天意的眷顾,要充分发挥人的主观能动性,提高了人的主体地位,增强了人要为自己命运负责的主体意识。“天人相分”、“制天命而用之”等观念,实现了社会秩序的最高原则由天向人的转变,为其构建人间性的礼治思想奠定了基础,鼓励我们合理开发和利用自然,以道德之心涵润于万物的“圣王之治”治理万物,达到人与自然的和谐共生。在人性论中,荀子提出了与孟子“性善论”相反的“性恶论”,是服务于他整个思想的重要组成部分。性恶论的要旨是“化性起伪”,突出礼的重要性,用礼来规范人的行为,最终重建社会秩序,实现“群居和一”“礼义法度”的理想社会。从“性善论”到“性恶论”,从“仁政”再到“礼治”,昭示着战国末期儒家学说更倾心于以现实的外在化方案解决当时的社会问题,而不再完全寄望于对美好人性的信赖。在心论中着重探讨“心”的内涵及其在荀子哲学体系中的功能。荀子之“心”是一个包含认知心、物质心、情欲心、主宰心和意志心五种形态的综合体。心具有理性的认知作用、情感的感发作用、意志的决断作用以及向善的能动作用。荀子提出“解蔽”和“虚壹而静”的治心之术,使心达到体认“道”的“大清明”状态;通过“学”、“积”、“行”和“诚”的养心之法,完成由体道、认道再到行道的过程,为礼义之道的实现提供了必要条件。在正名论中集中论述荀子名实之辨的逻辑意义与政治意义。在战国后期,礼崩乐坏的时代背景下重构一个伦常有序,安定和谐的理想社会,首要任务就是“正名”,荀子继承和发展了孔子的“正名”思想,推动了先秦儒家思想的发展。荀子的正名思想不仅仅是词义的辨析和语言逻辑的规范,其根本目的是对既有政治与伦理道德的拨乱反正。一方面,他提出正名是为了“辨同异”,即是在逻辑思想上对名、辞、辩进行定义和规范,另一方面,他提出正名是为了“明贵贱”,即是使社会中的每个人都明确自己的等级地位,进而实现礼义法度、安定和谐的社会。在礼论中,系统阐述了礼的起源、礼的本质和礼的价值及礼乐关系、礼法关系等。在先秦儒家中,孔子讲“仁”、孟子求“义”、荀子重“礼”。礼论是荀子整个哲学体系的核心内容,其天人论、人性论、心论和正名论都是为其礼治服务的,目的是为了实现群居和一、礼义法度的社会理想。荀子的礼论强调礼乐统一,“美善相乐”,不仅赋予了乐以伦理定位,同时给予礼以审美旨趣,通过礼乐相辅相成的修养功夫达到美善相乐的完美境界。
[Abstract]:Xunzi is an outstanding thinker in the Warring States period, is the master of the pre Qin Confucianism into the. In the spring and autumn and Warring States academic thought under the Xunzi absorption and criticism of Confucianism in the ideological position, the thought of showing where hundreds of features. Xun Zisi wanted to open the cover and contain everything in the Warring States will pass the comprehensive academic thought first, he longlizhongfa governing thought influenced two thousand years of feudal society Chinese. This paper describes the theory of nature, theory of human nature, mind theory, theory and the theory of Li Zhengming problems in five aspects, the theory system of interpretation of Xunzi's philosophy. In the theory of heaven and man, "Xunzi Ming Yu tianrenzhifen the thought of" breaking the "destiny" chains, emphasizes that people don't expect mysterious Providence's blessing, to give full play to people's subjective initiative, improve the people's main body status, enhance the main person responsible for our own fate Consciousness. "Heaven phase", "concept of destiny and the use of the system", the social order of the highest principle by day to change, which lays a foundation for the construction of the world's Confucian thought, we encourage the rational development and utilization of nature, in the heart of morality in all the Han Yun "king of the governance" of all things, to achieve harmony between man and nature. In the theory of human nature, Xunzi put forward and Mencius "theory of goodness" instead of "evil human nature", is an important part in his whole thought. The essence of evil ", highlighting the importance of change humanity by man-made" ceremony, with Lilly to regulate people's behavior finally, the reconstruction of social order, to achieve the ideal society and a "social" rite and law ". From the" good nature "to the" evil nature ", from" benevolence "to" Rites ", symbolizes the late Warring States Period Confucianism more attracted to the external reality Solutions to social problems at that time, but not completely rely on the nice humanity trust. In the heart of the "heart" focuses on the connotation and function in Xunzi's philosophical system. Xunzi's "heart" is a cognitive, physical, sexual heart, heart and heart will dominate the complex five form. The heart has the role of rational cognitive, emotional sense, decision and initiative role will do. Xunzi proposed "treating heart demask" and "void and quiet" of the surgery, the heart to recognize "Tao" and "Qingming" through "learning";, "product", "" law "and" honesty ", performed by Tao, admitted to the road, to provide the necessary conditions for the propriety of the road. The debate focuses on Xunzi's logic and political significance in its theory. In the late Warring States period, falling of ceremony the Under the background of the reconstruction of a moral order, stability and ideal of social harmony, the primary task is to "name", Xunzi inherited and developed Confucius's thought of "rectification of names", promote the development of the pre Qin Confucianism. Xunzi's thought is not only the meaning of the name of the language and logic, its fundamental purpose is to both the political and ethical morality. On the one hand he proposed to bring order out of chaos, the name is to "distinguish different", that is in the name of logical thought, speech, debate on the definition and specification, on the other hand, he proposed the name to "Ming Guijian", that is to make everyone in the society to clear their level the status, and then realize the rite and law, a stable and harmonious society. In the ritual theory, systematically expounded the origin, essence and the value of ritual and music, etiquette relations. In the pre Qin Confucianism, Confucius said "benevolence", "justice for Mencius "Xunzi," the ritual ". Ritual theory is the core content of the system of Xunzi's philosophy, the theory of nature, theory of human nature, heart theory and theory are the name etiquette service, the purpose is to realize the social and social ideal, rite and law. Xunzi's ritual theory emphasizes the unity of courtesy and music, beauty and kindness happy, not only gives joy to the ethical orientation, while giving the gift to the aesthetic purport, through the ritual of complementary cultivation reached the unity of beauty and goodness of perfection.

【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B222.6
，

本文编号：1408230