孙中山三民主义与中西文化之关系研究

发布时间：2018-01-17 15:18

本文关键词：孙中山三民主义与中西文化之关系研究　出处：《湘潭大学》2015年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：孙中山既是一位中国革命的先行者,又是一位伟大的思想家。作为思想家,他的理论贡献是其成体系化的三民主义。三民主义的理论创建,一方面得自于孙中山长达几十年的革命经验的总结,另一方面则是汲取了中西两方的思想资源。正如他自己所说的:“余之谋中国革命,其所持主义,有因袭吾国固有之思想者,有规抚欧洲之学说事迹者,有吾所独见而创获者。”因之,本文作者认为,对孙中山的研究,着重点应在他的三民主义,而不在他的革命生涯。而对三民主义,学界的研究成果虽曰丰硕,但仍有拓展和深化的空间。特别是,19世纪末20世纪初的中国,历史变革、文化冲突和思想转型诸方面交织在一起,作为立志于引导中国社会走向光明的孙中山,首先是作为思想导师的角色而体现其价值的。因而我们也只有从哲学和文化学的视域深入他的三民主义,才可看出其思想和革命事业的伟大之处。正是基于上述考虑,本文才将论域择定在孙中山的三民主义同中西两种文化之关系方面。而且,学界以往于这一方面的研究,成果亦较为欠缺。本文分三个部分。第一部分主要论述西方列强的入侵给中国文化带来的诸种困境,以及在比较东方其他几个文明国家的中西文化论争的基础上,突出近代中国文化困境的特殊性,并且在同中国近代诸多思想人物的比较中,进一步强调孙中山三民主义及其中西文化观的中国意义和世界意义。第二部分为全文的主体部分,含括三章,分别从民族主义、民权主义和民生主义三个方面论述中西两种文化对孙中山三民主义的影响。在此三章中,作者既梳理了孙中山民族主义、民权主义和民生主义各自的形成和发展的阶段性历程,亦试图对中西两种文化传统同三民主义之关系作出系统性的考察和理论性的分析。第三部分为结语,主要是从哲学和文化学等多学科的视域分析孙中山在借取中西两种文化传统的基础上所创建的三民主义在理论上的得与失。作者认为,孙中山在思想文化方面,具有很强的包容性,其三民主义正因借取了中西两种文化的思想资源,才体现出了既具系统性又具有中国特色的理论魅力,且为当时中国最伟大的思想成果,于民族、民权和民生三大问题提供了许多遗惠后世的解决方案。但是,由于孙中山对中西两种文化某些方面的理解失当,致以他的三民主义理论亦有某些值得探讨的地方,同时亦为后来中国思想界谋求中国问题的真解决留下了继续探讨的空间。
[Abstract]:Sun Zhongshan is not only a forerunner of the Chinese revolution, but also a great thinker. As a thinker, his theoretical contribution is his systematization of the three people's principles. On the one hand, from the summary of Sun Zhongshan's decades of revolutionary experience, on the other hand, he draws on the ideological resources of both Chinese and Western sides. There are those who have thought in our country, who have managed the deeds of Europe, and who have created what I have seen alone. "therefore, the author believes that the study of Sun Zhongshan should focus on his three people's principles. It is not his revolutionary career. But to the three people's principles, although the academic research results are rich, but there is still room for expansion and deepening, especially in the late 19th century at the beginning of 20th century in China, historical changes. Cultural conflict and ideological transformation intertwined as Sun Zhongshan, who was determined to guide the Chinese society to a bright future. The first is to reflect its value as an ideological mentor, so we can only go deep into his three people's principles from the perspective of philosophy and culturology. It is on the basis of the above considerations that this article chooses the realm of discussion on the relationship between Sun Zhongshan's three people's principles and the two cultures of China and the West. This paper is divided into three parts. The first part mainly discusses the various dilemmas brought by the invasion of Western powers to Chinese culture. And on the basis of comparing the Chinese and Western cultural debates in other civilized countries in the East, the particularity of the dilemma of modern Chinese culture is highlighted, and it is compared with many ideological figures in modern China. Further emphasize Sun Zhongshan's three people's principles and the Chinese meaning and the world significance of the Chinese and Western cultural views. The second part is the main part of the full text, including three chapters, respectively from nationalism. The influence of Chinese and Western cultures on Sun Zhongshan's three people's principles is discussed in three aspects of civil rights and people's livelihood. In these three chapters, the author not only combs Sun Zhongshan nationalism. The stage course of the formation and development of civil rights doctrine and people's livelihood doctrine also attempts to make a systematic investigation and theoretical analysis on the relationship between Chinese and Western cultural traditions and the three people's principles. The third part is the conclusion. It is mainly from philosophy and culturology to analyze the theoretical gains and losses of the three people's principles founded by Sun Zhongshan on the basis of borrowing Chinese and Western cultural traditions. With a strong inclusiveness, its "three people's principles" is precisely because of borrowing the ideological resources of both Chinese and Western cultures, it embodies the theoretical charm with both systematic and Chinese characteristics, and is the greatest ideological achievement of China at that time. The three major problems of nationality, civil rights and people's livelihood have provided many solutions for future generations. However, due to Sun Zhongshan's misunderstandings of some aspects of Chinese and Western cultures. His theory of the three people's principles also has some merits to be discussed, and it also leaves room for the later Chinese ideological circles to seek a true solution to the Chinese problem.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：B261

【共引文献】