汉赋中的自然审美研究

发布时间：2018-01-21 06:39

本文关键词： 汉赋自然审美生命意蕴哲理内涵审美意识　出处：《西北大学》2015年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：中国的自然审美历史绵长,在《诗经》中就有对自然美热情的赞叹,突出了“以景喻情”,“托物寄意”的自然审美方式。以孔孟为代表的儒家把对自然的欣赏上升到道德层面,提出“仁者乐山,智者乐水”的自然审美准则。以老、庄为代表的道家提出“原天地之美,达万物之理”的审美境界,认为天地万物的“自然而然”就是美,亦是美的最高境界。在汉赋作品中,汉赋作家们对自然意象的把握十分充分。那么,我们不禁要追问汉代,尤其是西汉审美风尚中如何看待自然的?汉赋自然审美是否受到了儒家或者道家的自然美学思想的影响?汉赋为什么典型地代表、反应了汉人的自然审美思想?相较于汉代的画像石等其它艺术门类,汉赋体现出的自然审美有哪些独特性,这种自然审美的独特性是承袭了前代还是有所增益变更,对后世有无影响?基于这样的追问,本文从以下几个章节做出探讨。第一章,对汉赋中的自然审美进行思想探源,分析汉赋中的自然审美之所以形成其独有特点的思想的因缘。梳理汉代宇宙论与汉代自然审美构建之间的关系,从汉代宇宙论的生成、演化及天人关系三个层面,考察汉代主流社会意识形态的基本取向,并从中概括汉代宇宙论对汉赋自然审美的影响,从而奠定了汉代自然审美的内容和审美取向。第二章,对汉赋中自然审美对象和类型进行具体分析,填补了当前研究中对汉赋自然审美对象缺乏整体性把握的遗漏。按照审美对象的不同自然性相,把汉赋中的自然审美对象分为天文气象、地理环境、植物和动物四大类别,对其进行详实的归纳、分析,揭示出汉赋中自然审美体现的多层审美文化意蕴,第三章,对汉赋自然审美中的形式美进行分析。这一章主要分析汉赋中自然物的形式之美、审美风貌及其所体现的汉代人特有的审美趣味,即汉赋中的自然是怎么被观察和描述的。通过对汉赋自然审美中形式美的总结、分析发现,汉赋自然审美首先欣赏的是自然物的外在形式美和自然对象的自然特性,自然从而以其本身的面貌呈现于汉代人眼前。汉代自然审美摆脱先秦自然审美视野的束缚,开启了“畅神于自然”的自然审美新阶段。第四章,对汉赋中自然审美背后的生命意识进行探寻,为全面、正确把握汉代自然审美提供理论补充。以汉代宇宙论为基础,考察汉赋自然审美中体现的生命哲理内蕴。从汉代宇宙论的“天”、“道”创生自然,阴阳之气、五行、四时演化生命的观念入手,概括出汉赋自然审美体现的“创生内蕴”、“化育之美”及“时间与生命意识”等生命哲理内涵。第五章,深入分析了汉赋自然审美中体现的天人关系,全面解读汉代人与自然的关系。汉赋中自然审美的天人关系受多重思想影响,既有汉代宇宙论的哲学内涵,也有汉代宗教信仰,还有汉代人面对自然时体现出改造自然、享受生活的进取精神,表现出汉代人欣赏自然时尊天、畏天、崇天、顺天、乐天等多元化的人与自然的关系。第六章,总结、探讨汉赋自然审美中体现出的汉代审美意识的特点,具体表现为“天道自然”为万物之美的根源、以“气”为美的生命境界、万物“太和”的审美理想和万物“关联”的审美思维模式,从而揭示汉代自然审美对中国传统自然审美理论和实践的意义。第一章探索汉赋中自然审美意识产生的哲学与思想渊源。第二章、第三章对汉赋中自然审美的类型、风貌及特点进行考察、归纳与解读。第四、五章研究汉赋自然审美中所包含的丰富的哲学、文化意蕴,第六章揭示汉赋中的自然审美对汉代审美意识及美学思想的影响。结语论述研究汉代自然审美对于中国古代自然美理论建构的意义和价值。
[Abstract]:Chinese natural aesthetic history is long, the Book of Songs will have a passion for the natural beauty of the praise, highlight the "Jing Yu", "natural aesthetic way sent to care". With Kong Meng as the representative of the Confucian appreciation of nature to rise to the level of morality, proposed a "benevolent, wise Le water" natural aesthetic standards. The old, Zhuang Taoism represented "the beauty of the world, the aesthetic realm of everything in the universe", that the universe is "natural" beauty is the highest realm of beauty in poetry works, the writers of the natural image grasp very full. So, we can not help but ask the Han Dynasty, especially the aesthetic trend in how to treat nature? The natural aesthetics is influenced by the natural aesthetic thought of Confucian or Taoist? Why han representative, reflects the Han natural aesthetic thought? Compared with the Han Dynasty stone art, Han Fu reflects the natural aesthetic which is unique, unique of this natural aesthetic is inherited the previous generation or gain change, there is no effect on later? This question is based on the following several chapters make a discussion. In the first chapter, on Han Fu the natural aesthetic ideology of Han in the analysis of natural aesthetic has formed its own unique characteristics of the idea of karma. Combing the Han Dynasty Han Dynasty cosmology and the relationship between the natural aesthetic construction of the Han Dynasty, generated from the three aspects of cosmology, evolution and the relationship of man and nature, the basic orientation of the mainstream social ideology in Han Dynasty, Han Dynasty and summarize on cosmology the natural aesthetics in which laid the natural content of aesthetic and aesthetic orientation of Han Dynasty. In the second chapter, the concrete of Han in the natural aesthetic object and type Analysis, fill in the current research on Hanfu aesthetic object lack of overall grasp of the omission. According to the different nature of aesthetic objects, the Han in the natural aesthetic objects into astronomical weather, geographical environment, plant and animal four categories, detailed summary, analysis, reveals the multilayer aesthetic culture the natural aesthetic implication, embodied in the third chapter, the natural beauty of the aesthetic form of Han Fu was analyzed. This chapter mainly analyzes the nature of Han Fu in the form of beauty, unique aesthetic style and the Han people's aesthetic interest, namely Han in the nature is how was observed and described by. Han natural aesthetic beauty of form summary, analysis found that the natural aesthetic appreciation of Han Fu first is the nature of nature form beauty and natural objects, which in its own natural look in Han Dynasty Generation of people eyes. Get rid of the shackles of pre Qin Han Dynasty natural aesthetic natural aesthetic view, open the "praising God in nature" natural aesthetic new stage. In the fourth chapter, life consciousness of the Han in the natural aesthetic behind, comprehensive, correctly grasp the Han Dynasty natural aesthetic theory supplement. Han cosmology based on Han Fu the natural aesthetics embodied in the philosophy of life. From the Han Dynasty cosmology "day", "Tao" creation of natural Qi of yin and Yang, five elements, four evolution of life conception, summarizes the Han natural aesthetic embodiment of "creation," Genesis of the connotation of "beauty" and "the consciousness of time and life and life philosophical connotation. The fifth chapter analyzes the relationship between heaven and man of Han Fu natural aesthetic, a comprehensive interpretation of the relationship between man and nature of the Han Dynasty. The relation between man and nature of natural aesthetics in Han Fu by multiple thought influence, both Han Yu On the philosophical connotation of Zhou, also the Han Dynasty religion, and Han people in the face of nature reflects the transformation of nature, enjoy life enterprising spirit, showing the Han people appreciate nature and respecting God, fear of the day, sky, Shun, Lotte diversified relationship of man and nature. In the sixth chapter, summary, discussion the characteristics of the aesthetic consciousness embodied in the aesthetic nature of Han Fu, the specific performance of "natural law" as the origin of the beauty of "Qi" as the aesthetic realm of life, everything "Wo" aesthetic ideal and the aesthetic creation of "relevance" mode of thinking, so as to reveal the nature of the Han Dynasty aesthetic China traditional aesthetics of nature the theory and practice significance. The first chapter explores the philosophical and ideological origin of natural aesthetic consciousness in Han Fu. In the second chapter, the third chapter of the natural aesthetic type of Han Fu, study style and characteristics, induction and interpretation. The fourth, fifth chapter The study of Han Fu natural aesthetic in rich philosophical, cultural connotation, the sixth chapter reveals the Han in the natural aesthetic aesthetic consciousness and aesthetic thoughts of Han Dynasty. The influence of the Han Dynasty discusses natural aesthetic significance and value for the construction of China ancient theory of natural beauty.

【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：I207.22

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