20世纪战后英美学者小说研究

发布时间：2018-01-21 13:13

  本文关键词： 学者小说 知识分子 身份 欲望 自由 责任　出处：《武汉大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：二十世纪战后英美文坛上涌现出一批教授作家,他们创作的学者小说成为战后文坛一道引人注目的风景线。在战后新的历史条件下,文学更多关注个体生活的文化语境中,学者小说以教授或作家等知识分子个体为叙事主人公,以知识分子生活环境为背景,围绕知识分子生活展开叙事。学者作家通过书写知识分子生活,从个体及社会层面反思自身所属群体,批判社会人文精神衰落。而这种反思批判,进一步地彰显了知识分子不同于其他群体的特质,作家藉此强调了人文学科的价值及人文知识分子在社会发展中不可替代的作用。学者小说中,面对自我普通人与学者的双重身份、欲望与理智、个人自由与社会责任等多重冲突,个体既表现出了超越普通人的理性、批判、包容等知识分子本色,又暴露出一些与学者理性品质相悖的人性弱点。在个人自由与社会责任发生矛盾时,通过个人道德和行为选择,知识分子介入到个体生活与社会生活中,再次担起大众引路人的学者责任。本文以20世纪战后英美学者小说的代表性作家作品为对象,从自我与自身、与他人、与社会关系出发,研究学者小说中所体现的知识分子身份、欲望、自由与责任等问题,以探讨当代人文知识分子生存境遇,并通过分析学者小说独特的叙事特色及其未来走向,揭示新的历史时期人文学科价值,以及人文知识分子在当下存在的意义。全文共有六章。绪论部分主要论述本文研究目的与意义、研究方法、国内外研究现状、创新点,并简要介绍各章主要内容。第一章主要论述后现代语境中的学者小说。对英美学者小说发展历程做历时性梳理,分析学者小说战后繁荣的外部原因以及学者自身内因。第二章从知识分子与自我及他者关系角度出发,主要围绕学者小说中的身份问题展开论述。不同学者作家作品中知识分子表现出不同身份,如少数族裔作家作品中的种族身份,变化的国家身份；不同性别作家表现出的性别身份等。通过解读作品中由身份引起的身份认同、性别歧视等种种问题,分析在自身多重身份困扰下,学者小说作家通过作品中的知识分子表现其超越普通人狭隘种族、国家、性别的人文主义精神气质。第三章分别从学术生活与日常生活两个角度深入分析作品人物作为学者及普通人的双面生活。一方面,研究学者小说的欲望书写,分析理性学者在面对金钱、权力、情欲等种种诱惑之时,理性成为学者攫取金钱、获得权力、满足情欲的助推器,从而凸显出学者个人欲望与理性的反讽性。另一方面,作品中,学者们试图借助于身体激情延缓衰老、消解对死亡的恐惧,以此向死亡抗争。然而,衰老的无法抗拒、死亡的不期而至,都进一步地将个体推向悲哀。通过反讽书写知识分子面对个体生老病死时表现出的无力,学者作家从更广泛层面表达出对个体存在的思考。第四章主要通过分析学者小说中知识分子追求个人自由与承担责任之间的矛盾冲突,展现了知识分子对个体生活及社会生活的介入。介入个体生活主要通过展现个体自由的不自由生存状态,表达作家对自由的认识：摆脱精神枷锁的途径在于个体对道德生活的不懈追求、在于勇敢承担自己对社会及他人的责任、在于对他人的宽容与接纳。学者作家以文学的方式介入社会生活：通过书写个体战后的创伤记忆揭示战争罪恶,表达学者反战思想及人文关怀；借书写学术圈现状曲折表达学者反对极权的思想；从树立民族自信心角度思考消除种族歧视的途径。第五章主要结合学者小说文本分析其最主要特色。其学者特色表现为学者们以作品本身诠释文学理论、用文学传播科学知识的学术性、学者的知识分子批判性及开放性；而叙事特色则主要体现为学者小说对经典文学作品的互文,作家有意识写作及运用不确定性等元小说特色,以身体反讽表现学者生活等。同时将其与同期其他作品相比较,从而挖掘出学者小说的独特性。结语部分从社会发展、文学自身发展角度进一步阐明学者小说在介入生活、继承传播文学经典与传统、文学创新等方面的价值,从文学功用、学者小说发展角度,肯定了人文学科以及人文知识分子对社会的意义与价值。
[Abstract]:In twentieth Century the Anglo American literary scene emerged a group of Professor writers, they created the novel as the postwar literary scholars a spectacular landscape. Under the new historical conditions in the postwar literature, pay more attention to the individual life in the cultural context, scholars novel by professor or writers and other intellectuals individual narrative protagonist, the intellectuals living environment the background, narration around the life of the intellectuals. Scholars writer by writing the intellectual life, from the individual and social levels reflect their respective groups, criticizing the social humanistic spirit decline. And this critical reflection, further highlighting the intellectuals is different from other groups of writers to emphasize the characteristics, value and humanistic intellectuals is irreplaceable in humanities the role of social development. Scholars in the novel, in the face of double identity of ordinary people and scholars, desire and reason Wisdom, personal freedom and social responsibility, multiple conflicts, individual both demonstrated beyond ordinary people's rational criticism, including intellectual qualities, but also exposed the weakness of human nature and some scholars. Contrary to rational quality in the contradiction between individual freedom and social responsibility, through personal morality and behavior choice of intellectuals involved in the individual life with the social life, once again take the lead the public responsibility. In twentieth Century the scholars of Anglo American scholars novel representative writers and works as the research object, from the self, and others, and social relations, which studies the intellectuals identity, desire, freedom and responsibility and other issues, to explore the survival situation of contemporary intellectuals, and through the analysis of the scholar novel unique narrative features and its future trend, revealing the historical period of the humanities value, and humanistic knowledge There are at present molecular significance. This paper consists of six chapters. The introduction mainly discusses the purpose and significance of research, research methods, research status at home and abroad, the innovation, and briefly introduces the main contents of each chapter. Academic novels in the modern context. The first chapter mainly discusses the development course of the Anglo American novels do diachronic sort analysis of external reasons, scholars and scholars in their novels postwar prosperity. The second chapter from the perspective of internal self and other intellectuals and the relationship, mainly around the issues of identity in the novel scholars discussed. Different scholars writer works of intellectuals showed different identities, such as minority writers in the works of racial identity, the change of national identity; different gender writers show gender identity. Through the interpretation of works caused by identity identity, gender discrimination and other problems in their analysis, Identity problems, scholars Writers through the works of the intellectuals beyond the ordinary people narrow race, gender, humanism spirit. The third chapter respectively from the academic life and daily life two aspects of in-depth analysis of the work character as the double life of scholars and ordinary people. On the one hand, researchers desire writing novels rational analysis, scholars in the face of power, money, love the temptations, rational become scholars to get money, to gain power, satisfy the lust booster, which highlighted the irony of scholars of desire and reason. On the other hand, works, scholars have tried to help the body passion aging, digestion of death fear to death struggle. However, aging can not resist, unexpected death, further to individual to sorrow. Through irony writing intellectuals in the face of a The body dies showed cradle weakness, writers and scholars from the broader level expressed on the individual existence. The fourth chapter mainly through the analysis of scholars in the novel intellectual pursuit of individual freedom and responsibility bear conflicts between the display of the intellectuals of the individual life and social life intervention. The intervention of individual life mainly through the display of individual freedom no free survival condition, understanding of the freedom of expression of the writer: the way to get rid of the shackles of the individual spirit of unremitting pursuit of the moral life, it is brave to assume their responsibility to society and others, is to accept others and tolerance. Writers and scholars involved in social life in the way of literature by writing individual post-war traumatic memories reveal war the evil, anti war thought and expression of scholars of humanistic care; library to write academic circle of scholars oppose the idea of totalitarian tortuous expression From the perspective of national self-confidence; set up ways to eliminate racial discrimination. The fifth chapter mainly combines text analysis of the main characteristics of the novel scholars. The scholars features scholars interpret the literary theory of the work itself, with the academic literature dissemination of scientific knowledge, the knowledge of molecular and critical scholars open; and the narrative characteristic is reflected as the scholar novel on classical literary writers writing consciousness of intertextuality, and the use of uncertainty of metafiction features, physical performance and so on. At the same time the irony scholars life compared with the same period in other works, in order to find the unique academic novels. The conclusion from the perspective of social development, the development of literature itself and further clarify the scholars in the novel involved in life, inheriting and disseminating classical literature and traditional literature, innovation and other aspects of the value from the function of literature, the scholar novel development point of view, certainly The significance and value of the humanities and the humanistic intellectuals to the society.

【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：I106.4
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本文编号：1451578