周秦汉时期文士疏离现象与文学流变研究

发布时间：2018-02-01 19:42

  本文关键词： 周秦汉 文士 疏离 主体性 疏离文学　出处：《上海大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：文士疏离现象指春秋战国以来新兴士阶层疏离“仕”本位意识,追寻自我主体性的一种文化现象,包括疏离行为和疏离精神。由王权或皇权的支配性所引发的“仕”本位意识是当时的主流文化价值观之一。“仕”本位意识把是否为官、是否被统治者重用当成一种核心社会价值尺度去衡量个人的社会地位和价值。文士疏离行为指文士规避显性功利(即入仕的利益)的行为;文士疏离精神指具有超越精神之士人的意识形态,是文士生命主体对此在世界主流观念、显性功利的规避与超越。文士疏离行为的内驱力是文士疏离精神;而文士疏离精神的核心内涵是文士的主体性需求。古代隐逸文化是文人疏离文化现象的一部分。本文分成上篇、下篇和结语。上篇主要是对疏离现象的演变过程作纵向的历时性研究,分三章重点描述三个阶段的特点:第一阶段是春秋战国时期。其阶段性特征是新兴士阶层(主体是文士)主体性形成、高扬。第二阶段是秦至汉武帝时期。在这一阶段,儒生(文人大致即儒生)的主体性实现途径阻塞,其阶段性特征是文士进行多元化价值观念和疏离方式的探索。第三阶段是汉武帝之后的时期。随着土地私有制初步建立、专制制度成熟,其阶段性特征是疏离文人生活方式与土地私有制的发展密切相关,儒生(文人)追寻主体性的实现途径。在中央集权专制政制萌芽及发展起来之后,文人主体性的实现途径逐渐失落。历代文人一直寻求拥有主体性的生活方式。体现文人主体性的文人田园生活方式的四个构成因素,即疏离文人生活方式的物质基础、疏离文人的心态调适策略、社会价值实现方式和交友休闲方式,至唐以前已全部产生,文人田园生活方式形成,并成为其主体性复归的路径。上篇还阐述了疏离文人生活方式的本质特征是疏离“仕”本位意识的重要观点,以说明建立疏离理论、构成贯通古今的疏离文人生活方式体系的可能性。在下篇,本文专门研究文士疏离现象在周秦汉时期的文学表现。周秦汉文士疏离现象文学表现的流变,与文士疏离现象演变过程一致,是文士疏离现象的组成部分。在下篇的开头,“周秦汉文士疏离文学”被界定为一种文学品类和文学潮流,它是具有疏离精神的文学的省称,是由有较强主体性的文士共同创造出的一种特殊的大文学,这些文学作品涉及诗歌、辞赋、史学著作、诸子散文等文体。疏离文学包含隐逸文学。至今尚未有人把“疏离文学”作为一种范畴文学加以系统研究。接着,从第五章到第九章,本文着重研究春秋战国秦汉时期文士疏离文学。结语部分对周秦汉文士疏离现象做出整体性总结,并指出文士疏离现象对中国文人文学传统的三个主要影响:一是在价值取向方面,强化了文人文学的“体道性”特征;二是在表现方式方面,强化了文人文学抒情性的含蓄特征;三是在题材方面,强化了文人文学以“自然”为背景和参照系的特征。本文的主要学术意图是:一、从源头出发研究周秦汉文士疏离现象,突显在文士疏离现象中文人疏离“仕”本位意识、追寻知识阶层主体性的共性;二、区分一般疏离主体与春秋战国之际以后的文士(人)疏离主体,明确指出后来的中国传统隐逸文化其实是具有文人主体性的文人疏离文化;三、描述文人主体性追求的指导思想即文人隐逸思想成熟于东晋以降的整个过程,并考察文人主体性需求对唐前文人生活方式各构成因素发展的指引作用,力求解决文人山水(田园)文学的起源问题。
[Abstract]:The phenomenon of alienation refers to the spring and Autumn Period emerging scholar class alienation "official" consciousness, pursue a kind of cultural phenomenon of self subjectivity, including alienation behavior and alienation spirit. By royalty or imperial domination caused by the "official" consciousness is one of the mainstream view of the cultural values of "official" consciousness. Is the official, is governed as a core reuse social value scale to measure a person's social status and value. The alienation behavior refers to the scribes to avoid explicit utility (i.e. official interest) behavior; the scribes alienation is beyond the spirit of the Literati Spirit refers to the ideology, is the subject of this scribe in the world of ideas and the mainstream. Avoid explicit utility and beyond. The scribes disengaged behavior the driving force is the core connotation and spirit of alienation of the scribes; the scribes spirit is the main demand of alienation. Ancient scribes hidden Yi Wen Is a part of the literati culture alienation phenomenon. This paper is divided into the first, the next and the conclusion. The first part mainly is the evolution of the alienation phenomenon as a diachronic study longitudinal, divided into three chapters mainly describe the characteristics of three stages: the first stage is the spring and Autumn period. Its stage characteristics is the emerging scholar class (the subject is the scribes the formation of subjectivity, high). The second stage is the period of Emperor Qin period. In this period, scholars (i.e. Confucian literati roughly) the main way to achieve congestion, the phase characteristics is to explore diversified values and the alienation of the way. The third stage is the Han Dynasty period. Along with the private ownership of land preliminary the establishment of the autocratic system, mature stage characteristics is closely related to the development of alienation literati lifestyle and land ownership, scholars pursuing ways (literati) subjectivity in centralized despotism adorable. After development and bud, realization of literati subjectivity gradually lost. Literati has been seeking subjectivity reflects the way of life. The four components of the subjectivity of the literati literati pastoral life, namely the material basis of alienation of the literati lifestyle, attitude adjustment strategy of alienation of the literati, social value realization and friends and leisure the way, to have been formed before the Tang Dynasty, the literati pastoral life, and become the subject of the return path. The first part also describes the essential characteristics of alienation of the literati lifestyle is an important point of alienation from the "official" consciousness, to illustrate the establishment of alienation theory, constitute the possibility of alienation of ancient and modern literati lifestyle system. In the second part, this paper studies the phenomenon of alienation in literature week scholars in Qin and Han Dynasties. Mr Zhou Qin and Han scribes alienation of literary expression, and the sparse From the phenomenon of evolution, is part of the phenomenon of alienation in the scribes. At the beginning, "Zhou Qinhan scholar alienation literature" was defined as a category of literature and literary trends, it is the spirit of literature, alienation, is a kind of special literature by the strong subjectivity of the scribes to create these literary works, including poems, poetry, prose and other literary history works, philosophers. Alienation literature contains recluse literature. Yet the "alienation of literature" as a category of literature to study. Then, from the fifth chapter to the ninth chapter, this paper focuses on the research of the scribes Qin and Han literature. The conclusion of alienation make an overall summary of the Zhou Qinhan scholar phenomenon of alienation, and points out the three main effects of the phenomenon of alienation of traditional literati China scribes Literature: one is the value orientation, strengthen the Wen Renwen The "Tao" features; two is in the way, strengthen the subtle characters of literati lyrical literature; the three is in the theme, strengthen the literature on "nature" as the background and reference features. This thesis attempts: a study of the Zhou Qin and Han scribes alienation phenomenon from the source, to highlight the alienation phenomenon Chinese scribes people from the "official" consciousness, pursue knowledge class subjectivity in common; two, after the distinction between the subject and the alienation of the occasion of the spring and autumn of the scribes (people) from the main body, clearly pointed out that the traditional Chinese hermit culture later is the subjectivity of the literati literati culture alienation three, describe the whole process; the guiding ideology of subjectivity is the pursuit of literati literati hermit ideas mature in the Eastern Jin Dynasty to drop, and the effects of literary subjectivity before the Tang dynasty literati demand for lifestyle factors development guidelines for In order to solve the problem of the origin of literati and landscape (Tian Yuan) literature.

【学位授予单位】：上海大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：I206.2
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本文编号：1482712