生活儒学—“后新儒学”时代儒学重建的路径抉择

发布时间：2018-02-05 17:49

  本文关键词： 生活儒学 “后新儒学” 儒学重建 路径抉择　出处：《曲阜师范大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：1995年现代新儒学的集大成者牟宗三先生逝世后,以林安梧为代表的新儒家提出“后新儒学”的设想,开始对现代新儒学疏离生活世界的理论偏失进行深刻反省,试图思考牟宗三之后儒学发展新方向的问题。“后新儒学”的提出,很大程度上宣告了现代新儒学的“失效”,而牟宗三的逝世,也预示着一个儒学发展新时代的到来。在“后新儒学”这样一个新时代,儒学的发展与创新面临新的历史抉择。换言之,在“后新儒学”时代,我们需要重建儒学。怎样重建儒学?我们认为,“后新儒学”时代的儒学重建可以在宋儒理一分殊的睿识指引下展开。以理一分殊为指引,儒学重建要坚持回溯传统(返本)和面向当代(开新)两个定向。所谓回溯传统就是儒学之为儒学的本真精神(理一),以此为要求,我们追寻和定位了儒学这一文明传统“日用即道”的生命智慧(生活性本质);所谓面向当代就是反思现代新儒学疏离生活世界的理论困局,在“后新儒学”的视域下着力思考儒学传统如何关联当代社会生活的问题。回溯传统,契合儒学传统“日用即道”的生命智慧;面向当代,推进“后新儒学”时代儒学的生活化开展,如此,在“后新儒学”时代所建构的儒学应该是一种生活儒学。作为“后新儒学”时代建构的新型儒学理论范式,生活儒学的理论建构可以比照宋明儒者在原始儒学范式之后重建儒学新范式的基本经验,确立新的道统论、哲理精神和经典体系。需进一步说明的是,以“理一”原则为指引的儒学重建,固然主要指回溯儒学传统,追问儒学之为儒学的生活性的本质;然以“分殊”原则为指引的儒学重建,可不仅仅限于对儒学生活性的当代理论诠释这一步。儒学重建的“分殊”主要应指以面向当代为要求,充分思考和回应如何把儒学传统的生活性、实践性表现和落实于当代社会生活(儒学生活化)中的问题。为此,通过对王阳明儒学革新的当代意义的阐释,我们提出当代儒学生活化宜走适度规避政治的“觉民行道”的下行路线,而不是蒋庆政治儒学试图儒化政治秩序的那种上行路线。此外,立足于对明代心学从阳明学向泰州学展开的历史分析,我们强调,当代儒学的生活化开展要先取法阳明,“先做个愚夫愚妇”,从“民”本位的立场对儒学进行生活化的理论解读,实现生活化儒学的理论创构,使“愚夫愚妇”能知;其次,当代儒学的生活化开展还要借鉴王艮为代表的泰州学派乡村建设的基本经验,通过民间讲学、订定乡约民规等方式,使庶民大众能够践行儒学价值,以收到化民成俗(美俗)、经世济民之效。“理一不难,惟分殊难耳”,以一种本质主义的思维方式为基础,建构合乎儒之为儒的本质要求的生活儒学并不难,真正的困难在于在一种存在主义的思维方法下,从当代人的生活世界出发去思考如何去“做”儒学、“行”儒学。为实现这种诉求,生活儒学面临的一个最基本的问题是——“什么是儒学,怎样学儒学”。对此,梁漱溟从面向“生活的本身”的视野出发,论述了儒学、学儒的问题。在梁氏看来,儒学就是“生活的学问”,学儒则需在“生活上去理会实践”。接着梁漱溟来讲,重建儒家思想与当代社会生活的关联,需要当代儒家学者依“生活化”的要求来“说”儒学、“做”儒学。另外,在“后新儒学”时代生活儒学的立场上,我们提出“儒道在人,尽伦为圣”的命题,试图以一种大众化的视野回答“什么是儒学,怎样学儒学”的问题。
[Abstract]:Master of modern new Confucianism into 1995 after the death of Mr. Mou Zongsan, the new Confucianism represented by Lin an Wu proposed the idea of the "New Confucianism", at the start of the modern Neo Confucianism from the theory of life world deviation were deep introspection, trying to think about problems of Mou Zongsan after Confucianism. "Put forward the new direction for the development of new Confucianism" the largely declared the modern new Confucianism "failure", and the death of Mou Zongsan, but also heralded a new era of development of Confucianism. In the "New Confucianism" of such a new era, the development and innovation of Confucianism is facing new historical choice. In other words, in the "post new Confucianism" era, we need to rebuild Confucianism. How we think, the reconstruction of Confucianism? "New Confucianism" Confucianism reconstruction era can be expanded in a special song Ruli wisdom. Under the guidance of the liyifenshu guidelines, should adhere to the retrospective reconstruction of Confucianism (the return of the traditional and contemporary oriented) (Kai Xin) two directional. The so-called backtracking traditional Confucianism as Confucianism is the true spirit of (a), as required, we pursue the positioning and the traditional Confucianism civilization "Daily that way" the wisdom of life (living essence); the theory of the dilemma facing contemporary is the reflection of Modern Neo Confucianism from the world of life, in the "New Confucianism" from the perspective of how to focus on traditional Confucianism Association of contemporary social life. The traditional Confucian tradition "backtracking, fit daily that way. The wisdom of life; to promote the contemporary" post new Confucianism "era of Confucianism in life, so. In the construction of" post new Confucianism "in the era of Confucianism should be a kind of life as a" New Confucianism. Confucianism theory paradigm construction after the new Confucianism "era, Life Confucianism theory construction can be compared in the Original Song Ming Confucianism The basic experience of the new paradigm of Confucianism reconstruction paradigm after the establishment of new Confucian orthodoxy, philosophical spirit and classical system. Further explanation is, "a principle for the reconstruction of Confucianism guidelines, is mainly refers to back the traditions of Confucianism, Confucianism for questioning the nature of Confucian life; but with the difference" principles for the reconstruction of Confucianism guidelines, can not only confined to the contemporary theory of Confucian interpretation of the activity of students step. "The reconstruction of Confucianism fenshu" mainly refers to the requirements for the modern, fully thinking and how to respond to the life of the traditional Confucianism, and implement the practical performance in the contemporary social life (the life of Confucianism) in question. Therefore, the contemporary significance of Wang Yangming's interpretation of Confucian innovation, we put forward the contemporary Confucianism life should take appropriate to avoid political "Chuehmin lane" descending line, instead of Jiang Qing Confucianism try The uplink route map of Confucianism political order. In addition, based on the analysis of the Ming Dynasty from Taizhou to Wang Yangming's unfolding history we emphasize the contemporary Confucianism life to take law "carry out Ming, first make a plain citizens", the theory of interpretation of life of Confucianism from the "people oriented" the position, Life Confucianism theory construction, the "plain citizens" known; secondly, the basic experience of the Taizhou School of rural construction but also from Wang Gen as the representative of the contemporary Confucianism life development, through folk lectures, for rural public regulation etc., so ordinary people can practice the Confucian values, in order to influence the people and form moral customs (the United States Customs), and effect. "Daniel is not difficult, but the difference is difficult to ear", in an essentialist way of thinking as the foundation, establishing a requirement for the essence of Confucianism Confucianism life and Confucianism is not difficult, the real difficulty in In the method of thinking in an existential, starting to think about how to "do" of Confucianism from the contemporary world of human life, the "line" of Confucianism. To achieve this demand, one of the most basic problems facing the Life Confucianism - "what is the Confucianism, how to learn Confucianism. In this regard, Liang Shuming from the" life itself "perspective, discusses the problems of Confucianism, Confucianism. In Liang's eyes, Confucianism is" life ", Confucianism is in" life to ignore practice. "Then Liang Shuming, the reconstruction of Confucian thought and contemporary relevance of social life, the needs of Contemporary Confucian scholars in life" to "say" in Confucianism, "do" of Confucianism. In addition, in the era of "post new Confucianism" Life Confucianism standpoint, we put forward the concept of "Confucianism in person, as Aaron holy" proposition, to a popular view answer "what It is the question of Confucianism and how to learn Confucianism.

【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B261
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本文编号：1492458