满语虚词研究

发布时间：2018-03-03 10:22

  本文选题：词类划分　切入点：满语虚词　出处：《黑龙江大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：虚词在语言中具有重要作用,是与实词相对应的一个大词类,是更侧重于语法意义的一个词类,因此,虚词在语法学研究中占有重要地位,它是语法学研究中不可忽视的一个研究领域。满语是粘着类型的语言。满语的语法意义虽然主要由词缀来表达,但是虚词也在语法体系中起着复杂而重要的作用。虚词作为一个词,仍然保留着词的完整词形和语法变化形式,但是词汇意义却已经虚化,从而不能独立充当句子成分。虚词是由实词通过语义虚化发展来的,因此,虚词与实词保持着诸多联系。随着词的语义虚化,逐渐失去句法独立功能,只给相关的词添加各种语法意义,因此,虚词表达的意义更接近于语法形态。满语词类划分时根据满语实际,依据词汇意义、句法功能和形态变化等标准采用三级分类法,每一级分类都有不同侧重的原则,首先将满语词分为实词和虚词两个大类。本文研究的是虚词这一部分。本文主要包括如下内容:助动词、后置词、连词、联系动词、语气词等。对这些词的语法意义、语法功能和使用方法等进行了详细分析研究,在此基础上提出了自己看法。
[Abstract]:Function words play an important role in language, they are a big part of speech corresponding to notional words, and they are more focused on grammatical meaning. Therefore, function words play an important role in the study of grammar. It is a research field which can not be ignored in the study of grammar. Manchu is a language of adherent type. Although the grammatical meaning of Manchu is mainly expressed by affixes, But function words also play a complex and important role in the grammatical system. As a word, function words still retain the complete lexical form and grammatical change form of words, but the lexical meaning is already empty. Function words are developed by semantic vacuity, therefore, function words and notional words maintain many relations. With the semantic vacuity of words, they gradually lose the function of syntactic independence. The meaning of function words is closer to grammatical form. According to the actual situation of Manchu, according to lexical meaning, syntactic function and morphological change, the function words are classified into three levels. At first, the Manchu words are divided into two categories: notional words and function words. This paper mainly includes the following contents: auxiliary verbs, postposition words, conjunctions, and associative verbs. The grammatical meaning, grammatical function and usage method of these words are analyzed in detail, and their own views are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：黑龙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：H221
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本文编号：1560629