鲁迅在法语世界的传播与研究（1926-2016）

发布时间：2018-03-03 19:10

  本文选题：鲁迅　切入点：法语世界　出处：《湖南师范大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：鲁迅因其思想和作品的独特性率先吸引了西方学界的目光,成为引领中国现当代文学在法语世界的传播与研究的主角。九十年以来,法语世界的鲁迅传播与研究取得了丰硕的成果,鲁迅作品被系统地翻译成法语,鲁迅研究机构和研究专家队伍逐渐壮大,鲁迅形象不仅在法国学术界得到了肯定,也渗透到法国社会和人民的日常生活中,越来越被法语读者所了解和接受。“五四”新文化运动以来中国文学的文化价值被越来越多的西方学者所认同和重视,国外学术界充分认识到了中国文学是世界文学一个不可分割的重要组成部分。法国著名汉学家弗朗索瓦·于连在《为什么我们西人研究哲学不能绕过中国?》中指出“西方的单一经验”背景下形成的人文科学需要东方思想给其“自省的机会”、“解救”西方理性主义。新世纪是一个全球化的新时代,我们既要遵循“五四”以来中国学界的优良传统,注重吸收外国先进文化的营养成分,也要积极把中国的文化精品和优秀文学成果推向世界。在全球化的语境下系统研究中国文化和文学在国外的传播和接受已经成为了中西比较文学的一个重要的研究方向。因而,系统地梳理、归纳法语世界鲁迅研究活动的历史与现状,以及未来发展趋势,既是弘扬中华文学和文化在异域语境中的传承与影响力,也是引进西方先进研究方法和借鉴西方视角反思东方文明的一个价值取向。论文的研究目标是渊源学、流传学、媒介学视域下的鲁迅在法语世界的传播与研究的特点、规律和启示,希冀进一步探索鲁迅资源的当下意义,促进全球语境下的鲁迅传播与文化的双向交流。论文的研究内容分为八章,分别从不同时期分析了鲁迅在法语世界的传播与研究状况及特点,包括域外对鲁迅作品的译介、对鲁迅文本与文艺理论的研究、对鲁迅的启蒙思想和革命思想的研究以及文化、文学交流活动中的鲁迅形象研究等内容。第一章是“法兰西与鲁迅思想的形成”。本章简要介绍了鲁迅的生平及创作、鲁迅的法国文学翻译活动,重点分析了法国思潮在鲁迅的文艺理论、启蒙思想和革命思想的形成进程中所起的作用。第二章是“中国留法学生的鲁迅译介(1926-1936)”。本章搜集了1926至1936年间法国鲁迅作品的译介与传播资料,这时期面向法语读者的鲁迅译介与研究的主导模式是以中国留法学生为主力军的个人翻译方式,重点介绍了敬隐渔的鲁迅译介及其作用,以及徐仲年的鲁迅作品的法语译介,阐述了这期间影响鲁迅及其作品在法语世界传播的主客观因素。第三章是“外国传教士的鲁迅传播与研究(1937-1948)”。本章围绕1937至1948年间法国、比利时等国的在华传教士的鲁迅译研活动展开研究,重点研究了善秉仁、文宝峰、明兴礼、欧克塔·布里埃尔的鲁迅研究成果及其局限性。第四章是“‘毛主义者’与‘原样派’的鲁迅传播与接受(1949-1976)”。本章介绍了1949至1976年间鲁迅作品在法国的传播与接受情况,以“毛主义者”和“原样派”的鲁迅研究活动为主要研究对象,分析了该时期的研究特点和局限性,重点分析了波伏瓦的《长征》和布拉格学派成员贝尔塔·克莱布索娃的鲁迅译研活动。第五章是“20世纪末对鲁迅的全面译介与研究(1977-1999)”。本章主要分析了1977年至20世纪末当代汉学家的鲁迅译研特点。重点分析了米歇尔·露阿、弗朗索瓦·于连等汉学家的鲁迅研究活动及其鲁迅观。第六章是“新世纪的鲁迅形象(2000-2016)”。本章对新世纪鲁迅形象在法语世界的塑造与接受情况展开研究,重点分析了塞巴斯蒂安·魏简的鲁迅译介与研究成果、勒·克莱齐奥的鲁迅接受以及鲁迅在中法文化交流中的贡献。第七章是“《阿q正传》的重译与解读”。本章通过对保罗·让马迪、玛蒂娜·瓦莱特·艾玛丽、米歇尔·露阿和北京外文出版社的《阿q正传》法文译本之间的比较,分析译者对鲁迅的理解和接受状况及特点,揭示阿q的多面性。第八章是“论争”。本章主要探讨了以下内容:(一)关于《野草》的论战;(二)阿q还存在吗?(三)鲁迅是人道主义者吗?(四)罗曼·罗兰与鲁迅的信事件;(五)鲁迅是否因罗曼·罗兰的“托庇有了名”。对上述存在争论的问题重新追根溯源,澄清某些存在争议的历史问题。结语部分是对全篇的总结,通过分析鲁迅在法语世界的传播和研究规律,揭示鲁迅作品在未来法语世界的发展前景、鲁迅的启蒙思想和革命精神对于当下社会的发展、进步的指导意义。在不同的历史时期,法语世界鲁迅的传播与研究呈现出不同的态势和特点,顺应了历史潮流的发展规律。总之,法语世界对鲁迅及其著作的评价很高。20世纪鲁迅在法语世界的传播与研究历程完成了鲁迅从中国作家走向世界作家的历史认知,21世纪鲁迅的传播与研究将继续前进,逐步完成鲁迅世界文化名人形象的塑造与接受。未来的法语世界鲁迅研究可能呈如下发展态势:一方面21世纪的法语世界鲁迅研究继续加强鲁迅文本的民族性阅读,更为注重作品的国民性批判和启蒙思想的现代性价值检验,并结合西方哲学思想、西方文艺理论创作机制论证鲁迅文学的世界性特征。另一方面研究重心将从文学领域逐步转向社会学领域,从有形的文本研究转向无形的机理研究,即鲁迅的社会学影响研究,影响对象不局限于某个种群、某个阶级,影响时间不局限于某个时代,影响范围不局限于文学、文化领域。这种影响力作用下的结果可能是有形的文本输出,也有可能是无形的人格塑造。21世纪法语世界的鲁迅研究将进一步深入发展,相关研究成果更加全面、系统和深刻。鲁迅的世界性不仅仅体现在其作品产生的世界共识,还体现在其精神产生的普遍心理认知,其人格力量辐射下对社会心理机制产生的普遍约束,在世界范围内思考“理想的人性”并寻求答案。
[Abstract]:Lu Xun because of his unique ideas and works to attract Western academic attention, become the dissemination and guidance of research Chinese contemporary literature in the French speaking world of the protagonist. In ninety years, Lu Xun spread and research of the French speaking world has achieved fruitful results, Lu Xun's works were systematically translated into French, Lu Xun research institute the research team of experts and gradually grow, not only the image of Lu Xun has been affirmed in the French academic circles, has penetrated into French society and people's daily life, more and more to be understood and accepted by French readers. "54" since the new culture movement China cultural value by more and more western scholars acknowledged and valued. Foreign academic circles are fully aware of the China literature world literature is an integral and important part. The famous French Sinologist Francois Julien why we study in the west " Philosophy cannot bypass China? > that "Western single experience" formed under the background of humanities to Eastern thought to its "introspection opportunity", "save" of western rationalism. The new century is a new era of globalization, we should follow the fine tradition in the Ancient Chinese Literature Search circles since the "54", pay attention to absorb the nutrients foreign advanced culture, but also actively to China cultural products and outstanding literary achievements to the world. In the communication system of China culture and literature in the context of globalization in the world and accept has become an important research direction in the West comparison literature. Therefore, systematically, the history and current situation Lu Xun summed up French speaking world research activities, as well as the future trend of development, is the inheritance and influence of Chinese literature and culture in foreign context, but also the introduction of advanced western research methods From a Western perspective to reflect the value orientation of the Oriental civilization. The object of this thesis is to study origin, popular science, characteristics of communication and media studies research from the perspective of Lu Xun in the French speaking world, law and enlightenment, hoping to further explore the contemporary significance of Lu Xun resources, two-way communication and cultural exchanges to promote Lu Xun in the global context the research content of the thesis is divided into eight chapters, respectively, from different periods of analysis of Lu Xun in the French speaking world communication and research status and characteristics, including foreign to the translation of Lu Xun's works, the study of Lu Xun text and literary theory, Lu Xun's enlightenment and revolutionary thought research and culture, the content of literary exchange activities the image of Lu Xun research. The first chapter is "form" of France and Lu Xun thought. This chapter briefly introduces Lu Xun's life and creation, Lu Xun's French literary translation activities, focus on Analysis of the French Thought in Lu Xun's literary theory, the formation process of enlightenment and revolution in the role. The second chapter is "the introduction of Lu Xun Chinese students in France (1926-1936)." this chapter collected 1926 to 1936 French translation of Lu Xun's works and the dissemination of information, translation and research of the dominant mode of Lu Xun during the period of French readers is oriented to China leave law students as the main force of the personal style of translation focuses on the introduction of Lu Xun and King Yinyu, and Xu Zhongnian Lu Xun's works in French translation, discusses the influence of Lu Xun and his works in French during the world of subjective and objective factors. The third chapter is "the spread of Lu Xun and Study on foreign missionaries (1937-1948)". In this chapter, 1937 to 1948 years in France, Belgium and other countries Lu Xun translation of the missionaries in China research activities carried out research, focusing on the good grasp of the kernel. BaoFeng, Xingli Ming, Lu Xun research achievements and limitations of Octa Gabriel. The fourth chapter is "the" Maoists "and" original faction "Lu Xun spread and acceptance (1949-1976)". This chapter introduces the spread of 1949 to 1976 years of Lu Xun works in France and acceptance, "Maoist" and "the original school" Lu Xun research activities as the main research object, analyzes the characteristics and limitations of the study period, mainly analyzes Lu Xun's translation of Beauvoir "Long March > and member of the Prague School of Berta Klebusova's research activities. The fifth chapter is" at the end of twentieth Century on Lu Xun's comprehensive translation and Research (1977-1999) ". This chapter mainly analyzes Lu Xun from 1977 to the end of twentieth Century contemporary sinologists. Research focuses on Michel Lua, Francois Julien etc. Sinologist Lu Xun research activities and views. The sixth chapter is Lu Xun "The image of Lu Xun in the new century (2000-2016)". This chapter of the new century, the creation of the image of Lu Xun in the French speaking world and accepted research situation, mainly analyzes Lu Xun's translation and research achievements of Sebastian Weija, Clay Zio and le Lu Xun to accept Lu Xun's contribution to the Sino French cultural exchange. The seventh chapter is "Ah Q < > the retranslation and interpretation. This chapter by Paul, Jean Madi, Martina Valette Emma Li, comparison between Michel Lua and Beijing foreign languages press < Ah Q > French translation, translator's understanding of Lu Xun's analysis and accept the situation and features of revealing the multi-faceted Ah Q. The eighth chapter is" controversy ". This chapter mainly discusses the following contents: (a) a < weeds > debate; (two) Ah Q still exist? (three) Lu Xun is a humanitarian? (four) Roman Roland and Lu Xun's letter; (five) Lu Xun Inroman Roland's "body with". The controversial re traced, clarify some controversial historical issues. The conclusion part is the summary of the whole thesis, through the analysis of Lu Xun in the French speaking world and spread of the works of Lu Xun, revealing the development prospects in the future development of the French speaking world, Lu Xun and enlightenment the revolutionary spirit for contemporary society, progress significance. In different historical periods, the spread and research of French Lu Xun's world show different trends and characteristics, development law conform to the historical trend. In conclusion, the evaluation of Lu Xun and his works in French world high.20 century Lu Xun in the French speaking world communication and study the course was completed by Lu Xun from the China writers towards the world writers historical cognition, communication and Study on Lu Xun in twenty-first Century will continue to move forward, the gradual completion of Lu Xun culture in the world Shaping the image of celebrities and acceptance. French world Lu Xun future research may be as follows: the development trend of the world on the one hand the French Lu Xun in twenty-first Century to continue to strengthen the national reading of Lu Xun's text, pay more attention to the work of national criticism and Enlightenment of the modern value of inspection, and combined with the western philosophy, western theory of literature creation the mechanism demonstrated the world feature in Lu Xun's literature. On the other hand, the research focus from the field of literature gradually turned to the field of sociology, research on the mechanism of invisible text research shifted from tangible, namely Lu Xun's Sociological Study on impact, influence of the object is not limited to one population, a class, time is not limited to one effect of age, not confined to literature, cultural field. The result of this influence may be visible text output, there may be invisible personality.21 Century Law The world Lu Xun study will further develop relevant research results more comprehensive, systematic and profound. The world of Lu Xun is not only reflected in the works of the world consensus, also reflects the widespread psychological cognition in the spirit of the universal constraints on social psychological mechanism of its GREE radiation under the thinking of "in the world in the ideal human nature and seek answers.

【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：H32;I046
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本文编号：1562312