华兹华斯与英国湖区的浪漫化

发布时间：2018-03-18 21:15

  本文选题：华兹华斯　切入点：湖区　出处：《武汉大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：作为“湖畔派”代表诗人,威廉·华兹华斯(William Wordsworth)以地方生活、地方书写作为其个人标签。他一生长居家乡湖区,以“北方村民”自居,最具影响力的诗篇皆因湖烟水光而起,为山色岚气而作。他描绘了一幅幅湖区山川湖泊和乡村生活的图画,所歌咏或涉及到的景观具有地形学的真实。他将情感和想象注入现实中,使湖区许多具体地点或场所不仅成为引人神往的美丽风景,而且成为深邃的视觉意象。最重要的,他发现湖区的地方精神和地方特质,并在诗文中精确地再现出来。湖区是英格兰西北部一个传统的农牧区,所包含区域跨越了英格兰几个古老的郡县：坎伯兰郡、威斯特摩兰郡、北兰开夏郡。这些郡县虽然在自然要素和人文因素中有明显的相似性和连续性,但最初并没有形成一个整体的地理概念。从18世纪开始,随着如画美学和英国民族主义兴起,它们逐渐成为文化精英关注的中心,并最终被建构为一个整体形象“湖区”。用文化地理学、风景学的理论观照,湖区是一个典型的“空间/地方/风景”复合体：既是一个被当地人实践和活动的具体地方,又是一片风景,还是各种权力话语交锋的空间。华兹华斯对这个复合体的书写也具有三个向度。首先,是对风景的客观呈现。华兹华斯诗文中,有大量关于湖区自然景观和乡村生活的现实主义细节,它们汇集起来,堪称一副湖区文字风景图。本章在大量文本梳理的基础上,对这些细节进行考察。地理上,以华兹华斯生平活动密集的几个区域——科克茅斯、霍克斯海德、格拉斯米尔与赖德尔——为中心：内容上,基于湖区地貌的总体特征,选取构成湖区风景的四大元素“水、石、木、建筑”为考察对象,从中勾勒出对华兹华斯笔下湖区的风景概貌。其次,是对地方的情感投射和想象升华。主要体现在三方面：其一,对自然的美学加工。受到如画美学的影响,华兹华斯观察、欣赏、再现自然的过程中,使用了如画审美原则及多种绘画技巧。他笔下的湖区风景是一种田园与荒野混融的状态,呈现出介于优美与壮美之间的如画美。其二,对人物的精神提升。华兹华斯有着很强的社群意识,对故乡乡邻怀有深深的感佩与挚爱,故而把朴素、勤劳、谦卑、善良等一系列美德理想化地赋予到湖区居民身上。其三,对乡村生活的诗意萃取。时间观念方面,华兹华斯使用与城市机械时间截然不同的自然时间,如季节、农时、节庆等；乡间劳作方面,华兹华斯不否认其艰辛劳苦,却仍然赋予其诗意；人际关系方面,华兹华斯始终强调乡村是一个以地缘与血缘关系为基础的稳固社群。最后,是对空间的价值赋予。作为文化精英的一份子,华兹华斯参与到18、19世纪湖区赋值的浪潮中,并发出自己的强力声音。文化层面,经他的再现和想象,湖区呈现出英国传统乡村的某些特质,与工业革命中的城市和农业革命后的其他乡村形成强烈对照,成为英国乡村的标杆、乡土精神的代表。美学层面,他在湖区书写中挖掘地方特性,宣扬地方骄傲,强调个体体验,传达出独特性、差异性、多样性、个体性等浪漫主义精神,从而使湖区与“东方”一样成为英国浪漫主义的典型意象。政治层面,他歌咏湖区山水的话语中饱含民族情感,而他对湖区的理想化书写汇入19世纪不列颠民族认同建构中,使湖区成为英国的窗口、民族的象征。经由现实、想象和象征三个向度的书写,华兹华斯完成了对湖区的浪漫化过程,并在这里打上自己的标签。湖区被很多人描绘、想象和赋值过,但华兹华斯将人们对这个地方的集体言说转变为一个“个人神话”。因为他,湖区被定位为一个诗性空间,其地貌也部分地发生变化。最终,它还被称为“华兹华斯郡”。华兹华斯的影响力如此之大,以至于反过来又成为一种新的集体记忆,影响了后世观看、书写湖区的方式。华兹华斯与湖区的关系已经成为一种母题,对其他诗人与地方、文学与地理研究有很好的参照意义。
[Abstract]:As a "lake school" on behalf of the poet, William Wordsworth (William Wordsworth) to the local life, local writing as its individual labels. His life in hometown lake, the northern village itself, the most influential of the lake water and light poem because, for the mountains. He painted a LAN gas picture area lakes and mountains and rural life picture, singing or involving the landscape with real topography. He will be feeling and imagination into reality, so many lakes specific locations or place not only become attractive fascinated the beautiful scenery, but also become a visual image deep. Most importantly, he found the place spirit and local area in the poems and characteristics accurately reproduce. Northwest England lake is a traditional agricultural and pastoral areas, including areas across England in several ancient counties: Cumberland, Westmore Lan county, North Lancashire. Although these counties in the natural factors and human factors in the similarity and continuity of the obvious, but initially did not form a whole geographic concept. From the beginning of eighteenth Century, with the picturesque and British nationalism, they gradually become the focus of the elite, and eventually the construction is a whole image of the "Lake District". With the theory of cultural geography, landscape science, the lake is a typical "space / place / scenery" complex is a kind of specific local people and practice activities, is also a piece of scenery, or a variety of power discourse space. Wordsworth writing the complex also has three dimensions. First of all, is an objective presentation of the landscape. In the poems of Wordsworth, a large number of realistic details about lake natural landscape and rural life, they set up exchange, Is a lake scenery map. This text chapter based on a large amount of text on the comb, the details were investigated. Geographically, in several areas of Wordsworth's life activities are concentrated -- Cockermouth, Hawkes Hyde, and Rider, Grasmere as the center: the content, the overall characteristics of lake landscape based on the selection of a lake landscape four the elements of "water, stone, wood, building" as the study object, draw the outline of Wordsworth's Lake scenery picture from it. Secondly, is the sublimation of local emotions and imagination. Mainly embodied in three aspects: first, the processing of natural aesthetics. Affected by the picturesque Wordsworth observation. Enjoy the natural reproduction process, the use of the picturesque aesthetic principles and various painting techniques. The lake landscape is a wilderness pastoral and mixed state, showing between beautiful and strong Picturesque beauty between them. Second, to enhance the spirit of character. Wordsworth has a strong sense of community, with admiration and love deeply to the hometown neighbors, so the simple, hardworking, humble, kind of a series of virtues idealized given to the lake dwellers. Third, poetic extraction of village life the concept of time. Wordsworth, natural time, and use different time city machinery such as seasonal, farming, festivals and other aspects; the country work, Wordsworth does not deny the hardship, but still give its poetry; interpersonal relationships, Wordsworth has always stressed that the country is a geographical and kinship solid community based. Finally it is of value to the space,. As a member of the cultural elite, Wordsworth to participate in the 18,19 century Lake assignment tide, and make their powerful sound. The cultural level, the His reappearance and imagination, showing some characteristics of the traditional rural area in the UK, the formation of strong contrast with the industrial revolution in the city and the agricultural revolution after the other country, the country became a British representative benchmark, local spirit. His aesthetic level, mining characteristics in the region of writing, promote local pride, emphasizing the individual experience, convey the unique characteristics, diversity, diversity, individuality and romantic spirit, so that the lake and the "Oriental" has become the typical image of British Romanticism. The political level, full of national emotion he singing in the discourse of lake landscape, and he idealized writing on the lake into the nineteenth Century British national identity construction. The lake became a British window, a symbol of the nation. Through reality, imagination and a symbol of the three dimensions of writing, Wordsworth completed the romantic process on the Lake District, and here on self Has the label. Lake by many people describe, imagine and assignment, but Wordsworth will change people's collective discourse about the place as a "personal myth". Because of him, the lake is positioned as a poetic space, the landscape also partially changed. Finally, it is also called the "Wordsworth county" Wordsworth's influence so great that in turn has become a new kind of collective memory, influenced later viewing, writing lake. The relationship between Wordsworth and the lake has become a motif for other poets and local, have very good reference significance of literature and geography research.

【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：I561.06
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本文编号：1631338