君师权力的崛起：朱元璋与明初太学空间重构

发布时间：2018-03-24 16:50

  本文选题：君师权力　切入点：太学空间重构　出处：《华东师范大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：明初“君师合一”历程塑造了一种皇权新形态——君师权力。以往的研究一般从思想史与政治史的宏大视角进行,缺乏深入细节的微观分析。本研究旨在另辟蹊径,立足朱元璋规划与设计的南雍建筑,从微观空间史视角追溯、探讨并澄清明初“君师权力崛起”的历史真相与详情。这项个案研究的理论、方法与路径,包含密切关联的三个要点：1、“彝伦秩序”与皇权正当性的塑造。明初“君师权力的崛起”发生于儒家政治文化传统中,集中折射了皇权正当性塑造方式的嬗变。儒家“圣王精神”植根于天人之际的超越意识,以建构“彝伦秩序”为最高目标,并表现为“天人相应”与“天人合一”两种正当性形式。朱元璋通过将两种正当性方式结合起来,实现了皇权正当性的新型塑造方式。2、太学空间结构与彝伦秩序的“表征关系”。借鉴空间生产、文化研究与社会学的理论与方法,提出“叙位机制”概念分析太学空间结构与皇权正当性塑造的内在联系。这一概念的基本内涵如下：一方面,太学空间层面的“位”与社会关系层面的“伦”存在“表征关系”,使得太学空间结构成为表征“彝伦秩序”的意识形态符号；另一方面,受到这种符号制约的不同个体,又能在实践中理解、领会、认同并遵循“彝伦秩序”内在的行为逻辑。基于“叙位机制”,太学空间结构成为塑造皇权正当性的重要权力媒介。3、明初太学空间重构与君师权力的构形。借鉴空间政治学的空间矛盾分析法,具体剖析了“斋”与“堂”的空间矛盾。作为表征“彝伦秩序”的两种神圣“原型空间”,“斋”与“堂”的空间矛盾密切关联着明初皇权对“符号权力元资本”的控制、争夺与垄断。朱元璋正是利用这一空间矛盾,发起了塑造朱明皇权正当性的太学空间政治运动,这使得明初皇权“垄断了具有合法性的符号权力”,由此诞生了作为“符号权力元资本”的君师权力。基于上述要点,本研究依次探讨了构成叙述框架的四个“子问题”：1、“明初太学空间重构”的基本内涵。在明初官学大复兴语境中,勾勒三座太学的营建历程。通过对明初三座太学建筑史料进行文献分析,澄清明初太学空间发生的三项历史性变化：改孔庙塑像为木主；彝伦堂“御座正位”的诞生；从“六斋”到“六堂”的空间嬗变。2、朱元璋成为“道统承续者”的历史真相。引出宋濂“天子立学之法”及其论争,并以贝琼对宋濂的驳斥为切入点,论述这场论争的焦点问题是孔子圣师地位；在道统与治统的思想史框架中,探寻宋濂的折衷立场；剖析朱元璋“再编道统”的目的是为明初“君师合一”提供合法性论证。3、朱元璋“位居君师”的具体表现。从政教体制“深层结构”视角,进一步分析明初“再编道统”的可能性与可行性；进而分析朱元璋对“以道抗势”士大夫的打压,并从“纳师儒入官僚”与“惩罚性学规”等视角,论述明初“君师合一”统治策略的主要表现。4、君师权力在南雍空间结构中的铭刻与表达。返归明初太学空间重构问题,立足“木主与孔子神圣性的表达”、“作为皇极之象的御座正位”以及“由斋到堂的空间重构”等三个主题,剖析朱元璋如何通过“叙位机制”将“君师权力”铭刻于南雍空间结构中,从而实现其再生产。经过四个“子问题”的分析,本研究提出如下基本结论：1、作为一种微观空间史现象,南雍建筑的诞生是明初政教关系结构性调整的空间史信号,是明太祖朱元璋主导的一场太学空间政治运动,旨在将“君师合一”的新型权力关系与支配方式——“君师权力”——铭刻于太学空间中,由此造成明初太学空间重构及其物态化的空间产品——南雍建筑。2、明太祖朱元璋开启了明清帝王建构自身“君师形象”从而塑造“皇权正当性”的先河与传统。作为一种垄断了正当性资源的“皇权新形态”,君师权力或许是明清皇权与宋元皇权的根本区别,不但极度强化了明清帝王的“文化与教育霸权”,而且深刻影响了明清中国的历史进程。
[Abstract]:The "Jun division one" process creates a new form of imperial power - Jun division. Previous research from the perspective of Ideological and political history of grand history, microscopic analysis of the lack of in-depth details. The purpose of this study is to find, based on planning and design of the South Zhu Yuanzhang Yong building, dating back from the micro space history perspective to investigate, and clarify the historical truth and the details of the "Eagle division rise to power". The case study of the theory, method and route, contains three points: 1, closely related to "shape the Yi Lun and the imperial order" legitimacy. The "rise" Eagle division power occurred in the political culture of the Confucian tradition that reflects the evolution of the imperial power concentrated legitimacy shaping. Beyond consciousness of Confucian "sage spirit" is rooted in the construction of "combination of heaven with man, with the order of Yi Lun" as the highest goal, and the performance of the "man" and "day One of two forms. The legitimacy of Zhu Yuanzhang by two just combine to achieve a new way of building the legitimacy of the imperial.2, imperial space structure and the order of the "Yi Lun characterization". From the space production theory and cultural studies and sociology of law, put forward a concept of "Syria the mechanism analysis of spatial structure of the imperial power and the legitimacy of the shape of the inner link. The basic connotation of the concept are as follows: on the one hand, the space level of the" position "and" social relation "Lun" characterization of relations ", the ideology symbol space structure become the characterization of" Imperial Yi Lun order "; another by different individuals, the symbolic constraints, but also can understand, grasp in practice, identify and follow the" Yi Lun order ". Based on the internal logic of behavior" narrative mechanism ", imperial space has become plastic The important media of the legitimacy of the imperial power.3, the imperial eagle division of power and space reconstruction configuration. From the politics of space space contradiction analysis method, analyzes the contradiction of space "vegetarian" and "Hall". As the characterization of "Yi Lun" order two "prototype sacred space", "Zhai" and "Hall" the spatial conflicts are closely associated with the imperial control of "symbolic power yuan capital", competition and monopoly. Zhu Yuanzhang is the contradiction between use of the space, launched a political movement shaped space Taixue Zhu Ming Imperial legitimacy, which makes the imperial "monopoly symbol power with legitimacy, which was born as a" symbolic power yuan capital "power. Based on the above points Eagle division, this study discusses in turn constitute the narration of four" sub "framework: 1," the basic connotation of the imperial space reconstruction. "In the Ming Dynasty At the beginning of grand revival in the context of the construction process of the three seat outline. Through literature analysis is done on the third base building Ming Imperial College historical data, to clarify three historical changes in the imperial space: change the Confucian Temple statue "is born Yiluntang tablets; the throne"; from "six room" to "space evolution.2 six hall", Zhu Yuanzhang became the "orthodoxy inheritance" historical truth. The concept of Song Lian "Emperor Li Xue" law and debate, and to refute the on Song Lian Bei June as the starting point, discusses the focus of this controversy is the St. Confucius division status in the history of ideas; road system and framework the rule system, explore the song's compromise position; the analysis of Zhu Yuanzhang "teiiin orthodoxy" aims to "provide legitimacy for the.3" Eagle division, "in the concrete manifestation of the Zhu Yuanzhang Eagle division. From the perspective of political system, into a" deep structure " Further analysis of the "possibility and feasibility of teiiin orthodoxy"; and then analyzes Zhu Yuanzhang of "anti potential" literati's pressure, and from the "division of nano Confucianism into bureaucratic" and "punitive regulations" from the point of view, discusses the "Jun division one" governance strategy mainly.4, and the expression of Jun division of power in the Nanyong spatial structure in mind. Returning to the Ming Imperial College space reconstruction, based on the "expression" Mu Zhu and Confucius of the sacred, "as Huangji as the throne of normotopia" and "by the vegetarian hall to space reconstruction and other three topics, such as through the analysis of Zhu Yuanzhang" Syria mechanism "the" Eagle division power "engraved on the Nanyong spatial structure, so as to realize its reproduction. Through the analysis of the four" problem ", this research put forward the basic conclusions are as follows: 1, as a micro phenomenon in the history of space, the building is the birth of Nanyong Zheng Guan to teach The history of space signal system of structural adjustment, is a political movement space imperial Ming Zhu Yuanzhang led, aims to "Jun division one" new relation of power and domination, "Eagle division power", engraved on the imperial space, resulting in the product space structure and state space heavy imperial - building.2 Nanyong, mingtaizu Zhu Yuanzhang opened the emperors of the Ming and Qing Dynasties to construct their "Eagle division image" to create "beginning with the traditional imperial legitimacy". As a monopoly of the legitimate resources of the "imperial new form", or Xu Jun division power is a fundamental difference between the Ming and Qing Dynasties of song and Yuan Dynasty imperial power and imperial power, not only to strengthen the culture of extreme the emperors of the Ming and Qing Dynasties "and education hegemony", but also has a profound impact on the historical process of the Ming and Qing Dynasties China.

【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K248
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本文编号：1659171