范式视阈下的跨文化适应理论

发布时间：2018-03-25 02:01

  本文选题：跨文化适应理论　切入点：范式　出处：《浙江大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：跨文化适应研究是人类学、社会学、心理学、跨文化交际学等诸多学科领域研究兴趣的交汇点。自上世纪30年代至今,各学科领域的跨文化适应研究取得了丰硕的成果。但是,跨文化适应理论研究相对较少,且理论研究集中在理论的建构、检验、修订等方面,理论的系统梳理和反思相对较少。基于此,本研究以Kuhn的范式理论为理论基础,力图突破学科的界限,较为系统地梳理现有的跨文化适应理论,并反思理论之间的本质异同,以明晰跨文化适应理论的发展脉络,把握跨文化适应理论未来的发展方向。 本研究首先从内在合理性和实践可能性两个方面详细论证了范式理论应用于社会科学研究的适用性问题,并对“范式”概念进行了适应性重塑,为跨文化适应理论研究奠定了理论基础。而后,本研究从宏观、中观、微观三个层面分别对跨文化适应理论研究的主要范式、跨文化适应理论和跨文化适应案例进行分析。宏观层面上,本研究参照社会科学领域和跨文化交际领域的范式分类方法,结合跨文化适应理论研究的学科背景和跨文化适应的本质,区分了指导跨文化适应理论研究的主要范式——实证主义范式、批判理论范式和建构主义范式,并对各范式的本体论、认识论、方法论基本假设进行解析。该层面的研究主要采用文献研究法。中观层面上,本研究分别介绍了以实证主义范式、批判理论范式和建构主义范式为指导的主要跨文化适应理论。同时,该层面的研究采取内容分析的方法和以点带面的分析策略,以各范式的典型理论为重点,详细分析了理论的目标、概念及关系,以及建构／检验方法等表现特征,从而揭示理论背后的范式基本假设。微观层面上,在宏观分析和中观分析的基础上,采用对比研究的方法,进一步对比实证主义范式、批判理论范式、建构主义范式对同一跨文化适应案例的分析视角,从而揭示跨文化适应理论研究的主要范式的优势与局限,指明理论的发展方向。宏观、中观、微观三个层面逐层递进、有机结合,不仅从抽象的范式层面梳理和反思现有的跨文化适应理论,把握理论之间的本质异同,而且使抽象的范式差异具体化。 基于上述研究,我们得出的主要观点和结论包括：(1)Kuhn的范式理论具有应用于跨文化适应理论研究的合理性和可能性；(2)跨文化适应理论研究是由实证主义范式、批判理论范式和建构主义范式共同指导的；(3)范式的本体论、认识论、方法论基本假设影响和决定着理论的目标、概念及关系,以及建构／检验方法等表现特征,而理论的表现特征体现范式的基本假设；(4)跨文化适应理论研究的主要范式具有多元性、互补性、通约性和运用不均衡性的特点,其中范式的多元性、互补性、通约性有助于我们对跨文化适应的全面而深入理解,而范式运用的不均衡性则有碍于我们对跨文化适应的全面而深入理解；(5)跨文化适应理论的发展和完善需要培养范式自觉性、观照跨文化适应的语境性、关注跨文化适应的主体间性、以开放的姿态迎接更多范式可能性。 本研究从范式角度对跨文化适应理论的梳理和反思具有重要的理论意义和实践意义。理论上,本研究不仅从更广阔的视野审视跨文化适应理论的发展状况,有助于把握理论之间的本质异同,而且突破了跨文化适应理论研究的学科分野,有助于学科之间的对话与合作；不仅为范式理论应用于社会科学研究的适用性提供了例证,而且对跨文化交际领域的其它相关研究具有重要的借鉴意义。实践上,本研究不仅为全球化社会中的流动人口提供了更为完善的理论指导,有助于增强他们的跨文化适应能力和不同文化成员的和谐共生,也为跨文化教育和培训提供了相关的理论指导,有助于跨文化教育和培训效果的提升。 总体而言,本研究将范式视角应用于跨文化适应理论的系统梳理和反思在跨文化交际领域尚属首次,是跨文化交际理论研究的新视角；宏观、中观、微观相结合的分析框架,逐层递进、有机结合,是深化跨文化适应理论研究的新框架；对跨文化适应理论的系统梳理和反思是跨学科综合研究的有益尝试。这些都是本研究的创新所在。
[Abstract]:Research on the cross cultural adaptation is the anthropology, sociology, psychology, intersection of intercultural communication and many other fields of interest. Since the last century in 30s, various disciplines of cross cultural adaptation study has achieved fruitful results. However, relatively few theoretical studies of cross cultural adaptation, and the theoretical research is focused on the theory of construction test, revision, review and reflection of the theory of the system is relatively small. Based on this, based on the Kuhn paradigm theory as the theoretical foundation, trying to break through the boundaries of disciplines, systematically combing the existing cross-cultural adaptation theory, and the essence of similarities and differences between the theory of reflection, with the development of clear cross cultural adaptation theory, grasp the development direction of cross cultural adaptation theory in the future.
Applicability of two aspects of this study from the intrinsic rationality and practice possibility is demonstrated in detail application of paradigm theory in social science research, and the concept of "paradigm" of adaptive remodeling, which is the theoretical foundation of cross-cultural adaptation. Then, this study from the macro, meso and micro three levels respectively the main theoretical research paradigm of cross-cultural adaptation, cross-cultural adaptation theory and cross-cultural adaptation case analysis. On the macro level, the research paradigm of classification method according to the field of social science and the field of intercultural communication, cross-cultural adaptation combined with theoretical research and academic background of cross-cultural adaptation of the essence of the distinction between the main guidance of cross cultural adaptation the paradigm theory research: positivism, critical theory and constructivism paradigm and the paradigm of ontology, epistemology, methodology of false A study on the level of analysis. Mainly adopts the literature research method. The meso level, this study introduces to positivism, theory of cross cultural critique theory paradigm and constructivist paradigm to guide adaptation. At the same time, the research level analysis method and strategy to adopt content analysis, taking the typical theories the paradigm of focusing on the detailed analysis of the theory, concepts and relations, and the construction / inspection method features, so as to reveal the basic assumptions behind the theory paradigm. On the micro level, based on the analysis of macro and meso analysis on using the comparative research method, further comparison of positivism, critical theory paradigm construction from the perspective of case adaptation paradigm on the same cross culture, cross cultural adaptation so as to reveal the advantages and limitations of the main paradigm of theoretical research, pointed out the theory The direction of development is macroscopical, meso and micro. The three levels should be progressively integrated and organically combined. Not only can we sort out and reflect the existing theories of intercultural adaptation from the perspective of abstract paradigm, grasp the essential similarities and differences between theories, and make the difference between abstract paradigms materialized.
Based on the above research, we draw the main points and conclusions include: (1) the Kuhn paradigm theory has applied to the cross-cultural adaptation theory of rationality and possibility; (2) the cross-cultural adaptation theory research by positivism, critical theory paradigm and constructivist paradigm guide; (3) the paradigm of ontology the theory of knowledge, methodology, basic assumptions influence and determine the goal of the theory, concepts and relations, and the construction / inspection method features, basic assumptions and features of the embodiment of theory paradigm; (4) the main paradigm of cross-cultural adaptation theory is pluralistic and complementary, and the use of commensurability is not balanced the characteristics of the multi paradigm, complementarity, commensurability will help us on the cross cultural adaptation of the comprehensive and in-depth understanding, and the imbalance of the paradigm could be a hindrance to the cross cultural adaptation A comprehensive and in-depth understanding; (5) the development and improvement of intercultural adaptation theory need to cultivate paradigm consciousness, observe the contextual nature of intercultural adaptation, pay attention to intersubjectivity of intercultural adaptation, and embrace more paradigms in an open manner.
This study from the perspective of paradigm research and reflection of the theory of cross-cultural adaptation has important theoretical significance and practical significance. Theoretically, this research not only examines the cross-cultural adaptation theory development from a broader perspective and helps to grasp the nature of similarities and differences between theories, but also break the cross-cultural adaptation theory, research help, dialogue and cooperation between disciplines; not only provides examples for the applicability of the theory of paradigm in social science research, and other related research in the field of intercultural communication is of great significance. In practice, this study not only provides theoretical guidance for improving the global society of floating population that helps to enhance cross-cultural adaptation ability and different cultural harmony of their members, but also provides the theoretical guidance for cultural education and training, to help Yu Kua The promotion of cultural education and training.
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