尼雷尔与坦桑尼亚国家建构研究

发布时间：2018-04-27 11:39

本文选题：尼雷尔 + 坦桑尼亚　；参考：《华东师范大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：1964年,坦桑尼亚联合共和国的成立开启了现代坦桑尼亚历史的新篇章,第一任总统尼雷尔是具有卓越领导才能的非洲领袖,被国际社会称赞为争取自由的先驱、清正廉洁的非洲贤人。他追求自由与公平为核心的国家观及其非洲解放理论与统一思想成为人民宝贵的精神财富。在坦桑尼亚国家建构进程中,尼雷尔采取的一党制下的民主体制、乌贾马社会主义、民族聚合以及不结盟外交等一系列政策措施奠定了今天坦桑尼亚在非洲乃至世界的地位与影响。本文主要包括以下几个部分。导论部分简要介绍了国家建构的基本理论和内涵,以此为基础引出国家建构的非洲视角和坦桑尼亚的特殊性。第一章主要论述现代坦桑尼亚国家的形成。从坦噶尼喀疆域的形成以及德国和英国的殖民统治开始,对坦桑尼亚地区独立与联合前的政治现状进行分析。旨在说明从更广阔的长时段来看,坦桑联合的实现有更久远的历史渊源,然后进一步结合两个主权国家的现实利益与尼雷尔政府政策的作用进行讨论。在此基础上对坦桑国家建构初期的政治机遇和经济挑战进行梳理。第二章主要讨论尼雷尔的国家观和坦桑尼亚现代政治体系的建构。现代坦桑尼亚国家建构,尼雷尔的贡献与影响无可争辩是第一位的,不仅在于和平独立与联合建国,更在于执政以后主导了这个国家的经济发展与政治轨迹。本章对尼雷尔的早年经历、政治思想、国家发展观等方面进行比较全面的考察,对于坦桑尼亚现代政治体系的形成,从政党性质、一党制民主实践与法制化进程三个方面予以梳理。尼雷尔建构的政治体系及其取得的执政业绩为自己赢得了极好的口碑、为国家赢得相当可观的外援,为坦桑尼亚下一步的发展打下了坚实的基础,积累了宝贵的经验。第三章分析了极具特色的坦桑尼亚乌贾马社会主义运动。乌贾马运动是一次果断勇敢的政治实验,是非洲社会主义的一个典型,是坦桑尼亚维护政治独立与发展经济的需要。本章从尼雷尔社会主义思想理论、乌贾马社会主义运动实践、乌贾马运动对国家建构的影响三个方面展开论述,按照从思想到理论,从理论到实践,从实践到影响的历史逻辑梳理乌贾马社会主义的正能量与消极后果。乌贾马社会主义运动,政治意识形态起了重要作用,尼雷尔关于农业机械化和规模经济的观念已经成为当时国际发展论坛不可或缺的一部分。乌贾马运动后期也是强制的,有时也很暴力。这个运动在经济上是失败的,在生态上也是失败的。但是在政治理念上是有价值的,在历史逻辑上有其合理性,在精神上则令人鼓舞的,从历史的长时段来看有一定的意义与影响。第四章主要梳理了尼雷尔的社会整合举措。现代国家建构不仅是政治独立与经济发展的过程,更是一个社会体系与公共服务设施不断完善的过程。在这个过程中,尼雷尔总统从坦桑尼亚的社会现状着手,不断建构新的服务平台,完善基础设施,增强国家安全力量,聚合分散的民族,大力发展教育事业,追求公平与正义,提高人民素质,推进国家现代化进程。本章重点分析了坦桑尼亚公共服务设施的逐步完善、现代民族的形成以及教育事业的发展等三个方面,从社会发展层面对国家建构理论进行探讨。第五章主要研究尼雷尔的非洲解放理论与不结盟外交政策。在外交方面,尼雷尔为推动非洲统一、南南合作和建立公正合理的国际经济政治秩序而奔走呐喊,为南部非洲人民的解放斗争提供慷慨援助,以敢于发言、坚持正义的形象出现在国际舞台,在非洲乃至世界范围内产生了一定的影响。尼雷尔的非洲解放理论以非洲现实为依据,批判了新旧殖民主义的弊端,主张非洲公民在拥有政治权利的基础上追求尊严、自由与公平。在实际行动上大力支援非洲尤其是南部非洲的民族解放运动,为非洲的政治合作与经济发展做出了自己的贡献。尼雷尔在世界范围内坚持不结盟政策,维护民族独立,通过不结盟运动倡议发展中国家经济合作形成独立于世界强国的第三种力量。尼雷尔的非洲解放理论、统一思想、不结盟政策以及建构国际政治经济新秩序措施等共同构成其外交观的基本内容。这既是尼雷尔辛苦劳动的成果,也是尼雷尔解决发展中国家问题的一种智慧与方案。文章结语部分对尼雷尔与坦桑尼亚国家建构进行评析,从国家建构理念、公平自由原则、尼雷尔的政治智慧、对发展中国家的启示等方面展开讨论。坦桑尼亚的国建构之路在非洲历史上有特色,对其他发展中国家产生一定影响；尼雷尔的价值取向显示了一种力量与理念,其一党制下的民主是一种创新。研究尼雷尔与坦桑尼亚国家建构不仅可以帮助我们理解坦桑尼亚,认识当代非洲,而且为我国在改革开放时代条件下,实现中华民族复兴梦,完成祖国统一大业,完善与非洲国家的关系等方面都提供理论与实践上非常有益的经验教训。
[Abstract]:In 1964, the establishment of United Republic of Tanzania opened a new chapter in the history of modern Tanzania. Nyerere, the first president, was an African leader with excellent leadership. He was praised by the international community as a pioneer of freedom and a clean and honest African sage. His pursuit of freedom and equity as the core of the country and the liberation of Africa In the process of Tanzania's national construction, a series of policies and measures, such as the democratic system under one party system, Ujama socialism, national aggregation and non alignment diplomacy, established the status and influence of Tanzania in Tanzania and the world in the process of national construction of the state. The following sections.
The introductory part briefly introduces the basic theory and connotation of national construction, and based on this, leads to the African perspective of national construction and the particularity of Tanzania.
The first chapter mainly discusses the formation of the modern Tanzania state. From the formation of the territory of Tanganyika and the colonial rule of Germany and Britain, the political status of the independence and the United States before the Tanzania region is analyzed. On the basis of the discussion of the practical interests of the two sovereign states and the role of the Nyerere government policy, the political and economic challenges in the early construction of the Tanzania state are combed on this basis.
The second chapter mainly discusses Nyerere's view of state and the construction of modern political system in Tanzania. The construction of modern Tanzania state, the contribution and influence of Nyerere is indisputably the first, not only in the peace independence and the Union and the founding of the nation, but also in the economic development and political trajectory of the country after the ruling. The early experience, political thought and the national development view are comparatively comprehensive inspected, and the formation of the modern political system in Tanzania is combed from three aspects: the nature of the political party, the practice of one party system of democracy and the process of legalization. The political system constructed by Nyerere and its ruling achievements have won an excellent mouth for himself. The tablet has won considerable foreign aid for the country, laying a solid foundation for Tanzania's next development and accumulating valuable experience.
The third chapter analyzes the highly distinctive Tanzania Ujama socialist movement. The Ujama movement is a decisive and brave political experiment, a typical example of the African socialism and the need for Tanzania to maintain political independence and develop the economy. This chapter from Nyerere's socialist ideological theory and the practice of the Ujama socialist movement, Ujama's movement discusses three aspects of the influence of national construction. According to the historical logic of Ujama's socialism, from thought to theory, from theory to practice, from practice to influence, the positive energy and negative consequences of socialist socialism are combed. The political ideology of Ujama socialist movement plays an important role, and Nyerere about agricultural mechanization and regulation. The concept of model economy has become an integral part of the International Development Forum at that time. The movement was also compulsory and sometimes violent. The movement was economically failed and ecologically failed. However, it was valuable in the political philosophy, in historical logic, and in the spirit of the drum. Dance has a certain meaning and influence from a long historical period.
The fourth chapter mainly combs the social integration measures of Nyerere. The construction of modern state is not only a process of political independence and economic development, but also a process of continuous improvement of a social system and public service facilities. In this process, President Nyerere begins with the social status of Tanzania, constantly constructs a new service platform and consummate the foundation. Infrastructure, strengthening national security forces, aggregated and dispersed nationalities, vigorously developing education, pursuing fairness and justice, improving the quality of the people and promoting the process of national modernization. This chapter focuses on three aspects of the gradual improvement of the public service facilities, the formation of modern nationalities and the development of educational undertakings, from the social development. The layer is discussed in the face of the theory of state construction.
The fifth chapter mainly studies the theory of Nyerere's emancipation of Africa and the non aligned foreign policy. In the diplomatic aspect, Nyerere is running out to promote the unity of Africa, South South cooperation and the establishment of a fair and reasonable international economic and political order, to provide generous assistance to the liberation struggle of the Southern African people, to speak and to persist in the image of justice. On the international stage, it has had a certain influence in Africa and in the world. Based on the reality of Africa, Nyerere's theory of African liberation criticized the malpractices of the new and old colonialism, and advocated the pursuit of dignity, freedom and fairness on the basis of political rights of African citizens. In practical action, the African citizens, especially southern Africa, were strongly supported. The national liberation movement of the continent has made its own contribution to the political cooperation and economic development of Africa. Nyerere adhered to the non alignment policy in the world, maintained national independence and formed third forces independent of the world power through the non aligned movement initiative to develop the economic cooperation of the developing countries. Nyerere's Theory of African emancipation was a unified thought. It is thought that the non alignment policy and the construction of the new international political and economic order measures together constitute the basic content of the external outlook. This is the result of Nyerere's hard work and a kind of wisdom and plan for Nyerere to solve the problems of developing countries.
The concluding part of the article makes an analysis of the construction of Nyerere and Tanzania. From the concept of national construction, the principle of fair and free, the political wisdom of Nyerere and the enlightenment to the developing countries, the construction of Tanzania has its own characteristics in the history of Africa, and has a certain influence on other developing countries; Nyerere The value orientation shows a kind of power and idea, and the democracy under one party system is a kind of innovation. The study of Nyerere and Tanzania national construction can not only help us understand Tanzania, understand contemporary Africa, but also realize the national rejuvenation dream of China and China under the conditions of reform and opening to the outside world, complete the great cause of the reunification of the motherland and perfect it. African countries' relations provide very useful theoretical and practical lessons.

【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D742.5;K425

【参考文献】