冀南西豆庄农业生产变迁研究（1923-2013）

发布时间：2018-05-05 12:56

  本文选题：冀南 + 西豆庄　； 参考：《河北大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：农业生产,是农村经济的重要组成部分,对农村经济格局和农村经济发展有着极为重要的影响。本文以1923到2013年冀南平乡县西豆庄村为研究对象,对此问题展开讨论。西豆庄村是20世纪20年代卜凯中国农村调查的具体调查点之一,是一个比较有代表性的华北平原内陆村庄。在长达近百年的时间里,该村庄历经数次变革,政治、经济、文化和社会生活都发生了结构性的变迁,这些变迁深刻的影响了农业生产活动,由此带来了农业生产力的根本性变化。历史上的农业,是现实农业发展的基础和前提。研究农业生产的长时段变迁,目的在于充分认识历史上的农业,探寻农业生产变迁的脉络和动力,以便更全面的解释农业生产的现状并为农业发展战略的制定提供历史依据和现实观察的角度。在研究过程中,笔者将农业生产问题划分为地权、农业生产经营方式和农业技术条件三个子问题,并重点讨论了农业生产变迁的阶段性特征和小农经营体制的优劣。笔者综合运用了文本资料(卜凯中国农村调查资料、地方档案馆档案资料、西豆庄村委会和村民个人收藏)、实地访谈记录和问卷调查等多种形式的资料并注意对各种资料加以甄别,在此基础上,将实证研究与理论思考结合起来,对西豆庄的农业生产变迁历程进行了客观分析。本文认为:1923年至2013年间西豆庄的农业生产走过了一个螺旋式上升的发展轨迹,即从民国时期的低土地产出率、低劳动生产率,到集体化时期的土地产出率稳步提高、劳动生产率停滞不前,再到转型时期的土地产出率增速由快变慢、劳动生产率快速提高。近百年来,地权和农业生产经营方式的变迁经历了否定之否定的历程,而农业技术条件的变迁则经历了由传统到现代渐次递进的历程。地权问题上,从民国时期较为分散的土地占有格局,到集体化时期公有制基础上的地权集中,到转型时期公有制基础上的土地使用权下放,再到近年来土地流转政策的实施使分散在农户手中的土地使用权得以重新整合。地权的变迁历经分散与集中的反复转换,直至目前出现分散与集中共存的情况。农业生产经营方式问题上,从民国时期小农的个体自主经营,到集体化时期的集体统一经营,到转型时期个体自主经营的复归,再到近年来出现的新型农民经济合作。农业生产经营方式的变迁在自主与合作之间循环联动,直至目前出现自主与合作相融的现象。农业技术条件问题上,从民国时期以人力为主,到集体化时期由人力向机械力的过渡,再到转型时期农机时代的到来,农业技术条件逐步走向了现代化。在这一过程中,劳动力的过剩与转移问题始终与农业技术条件的变革速度和发展方向交织在一起,相互制约并相互协调。在长达近百年的时间里,由于制度、技术和劳动力要素不同的配比情况,西豆庄不同阶段的农业生产呈现出各具特色的时代特征,但不管是过去还是现在,农业生产问题都尚未得到真正有效的解决,实现中国农业“有增长的发展”目标依然任重而道远。小农经营是一种低效率高效用的经营方式,它的存在和发展有其历史的合理性。小农的经济行为之所以固守“安全第一”的原则,源于其自身的局限性和农村社会保障体系还较为脆弱。转型时期,政府应当做的并非通过彻底改造来消除或毁灭小农经营,而是因势利导,一方面,推行家庭承包经营基础上的农民合作;另一方面建立健全农村社会保障体系和农业公共服务体系。政府应当成为一种导向型、辅助型而非控制型的力量,才能够保障农业的健康顺利发展。
[Abstract]:Agricultural production is an important part of the rural economy, which has a very important influence on the rural economic pattern and the development of rural economy. This paper takes the village of Xi Dou village, Pingxiang County, Hebei Province from 1923 to 2013 as the research object, to discuss the problem. The village of West Dou Zhuang is one of the specific investigation points of the rural China survey of Bu Kai in 1920s. A relatively representative inland village in the North China Plain. In the last hundred years, the village has undergone several changes, political, economic, cultural and social life have undergone structural changes. These changes have profoundly affected agricultural production activities, thus bringing about fundamental changes in agricultural productivity. The basic and prerequisite of the development of real agriculture is to study the long period changes of agricultural production in order to fully understand the history of agriculture, to explore the context and motive force of the changes in agricultural production, so as to provide a more comprehensive explanation of the current situation of agricultural production and to provide a historical basis and practical observation for the formulation of agricultural development strategy. The author divides the problem of agricultural production into three sub issues: land rights, agricultural production and management and agricultural technical conditions, and focuses on the stage characteristics of agricultural production changes and the advantages and disadvantages of small farmers' management system. In this paper, the agricultural production of West Dou Zhuang is considered as an objective analysis of the agricultural production process of West Dou Zhuang from 1923 to 2013. It has gone through a spiral development track, that is, the low land property rate, low labor productivity, the land output rate in the period of collectivization, the labor productivity stagnation, the growth rate of land output rate in the transition period and the rapid increase of labor productivity. The change of the mode of operation has experienced the course of negative negation, and the change of agricultural technology conditions has experienced a gradual progress from traditional to modern. On the issue of land rights, the scattered land occupancy pattern in the period of the Republic of China, the centralization of the land rights on the basis of the public ownership in the period of collectivization, and the land on the basis of the public ownership system in the period of transition. With the decentralization of rights and the implementation of the land transfer policy in recent years, the right to use the land dispersed in the hands of the farmers has been reintegrated. The change of the land rights has been changed through the dispersion and centralization, until the present situation of decentralization and centralization. Collective unified management in the period of collectivization, to the return of independent management in the period of transition, and then to the new type of peasant economic cooperation in recent years. The change of agricultural production and operation mode has been circulated between autonomy and cooperation until the phenomenon of autonomy and cooperation. In the process of this process, the surplus and transfer of labor force intertwined with the speed and direction of agricultural technological conditions, and interacted and coordinated each other. For nearly a hundred years, the agricultural production in the different stages of the West Dou Zhuang was characterized by different characteristics in different stages of the system, technology and labor factors. However, the problem of agricultural production has not been effectively solved in the past or now, and the goal of "growth development" in China's agriculture is to be achieved. The management of small farmers is a kind of low efficiency and efficient operation, and its existence and development have its historical rationality. The reason why the economic behavior of small farmers adhered to the principle of "safety first" stems from its own limitations and the rural social security system is relatively fragile and weak. The government should do not through the transition period. To eliminate or destroy the management of small farmers is to be completely reformed and destroyed. On the one hand, the farmer cooperation on the basis of household contract management is carried out. On the other hand, the rural social security system and the agricultural public service system are established. The government should be a guiding, auxiliary, not controlled power to guarantee the health of agriculture. Development.

【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K29
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本文编号：1847770