清末国会请愿运动研究

发布时间：2018-05-06 02:34

本文选题：立宪派 + 请愿　；参考：《西南政法大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：1840年,鸦片战争爆发,英国的坚船利炮轰开了长期闭关锁国的中国国门,中国开始了近代化的历程。在近代化的过程中,西方列强不断凌辱中国,疯狂攫取利益,中国沦为了半殖民半封建社会,但西方的先进政治制度和民主宪政思潮也渐次传入了中国,并被先进的知识分子和开明官绅所接受,立宪思潮在中国开始萌芽。1905年,日俄战争,日本的胜利,更使国人看到,国家强盛并非是因为技艺的先进,最根本还在于拥有先进的政治制度,立宪思潮高涨,要求“立宪”的呐喊声不断。晚清政府迫于内外压力,从维护自身统治的角度开始了中国历史上前所未有的政治改革,推行君主立宪,试图达到国家强盛的目的。由于在推行立宪的进程中,没有确定召集国会的办法和期限,于是立宪派组织领导国民发起了声势浩大的国会请愿运动,对晚清政局产生了重大的影响。由于主客观原因请愿运动最终失败,但对国人进行了宪政教育并普及宪法知识,开启了民智,对中国近代的民主宪政生活具有重要的意义。全文共五个部分,以请愿活动为主线,详细的介绍了请愿运动爆发的背景、发展历程、请愿的诉求以及该事件对晚清政局的影响,最后对该事件作了客观公正的评述。第一部分论述了立宪思潮在中国兴起并高涨,国会请愿运动正是在这样的背景下爆发;第二部分对请愿运动的由来、发展历程以及他们的诉求进行了详细介绍;第三部分分析了请愿运动对晚清政局的积极和消极影响;第四部分对请愿运动进行了客观公正的评述;第五部分得出结论,总结分析请愿失败的根源以及事件对中国民主宪政生活的影响。
[Abstract]:In 1840, the Opium War broke out, the British strong ship and the artillery bombardment opened the national gate of China for a long time, and China began the course of modernization. In the process of modernization, the Western powers constantly humiliated China, grabbed the interests, and China was reduced to semi colonial and semi feudal society, but the advanced western political system and democratic constitutionalism trend of thought were also gradually coming. It was introduced into China and accepted by advanced intellectuals and enlightened gentry. The constitutional trend of thought began to germinate in China for.1905 years, the war of Japan and Russia, and the victory of Japan. The national strength was not due to the advanced technology, and the most fundamental was the advanced political system, the high constitutional trend of thought, and the cry for "constitutionalism". In the late Qing Dynasty, the government of the late Qing Dynasty, under the pressure of internal and external, began the unprecedented political reform in Chinese history from the angle of maintaining its own rule, carried out the constitutional monarchy and tried to achieve the goal of the state's prosperity. The great congressional Petition Movement had a great influence on the political situation in the late Qing Dynasty. Because of the subjective and objective reasons, the Petition Movement was finally failed, but the constitutional education and knowledge of the Constitution were carried out to the people of the country, the wisdom of the people was opened up and the Democratic constitutional life in modern China was of great significance. The five parts of the whole article, taking the petition activity as the main line, were detailed. This paper introduces the background of the Petition Movement, the course of development, the appeal of the petition and the influence of the event on the political situation in the late Qing Dynasty. Finally, it makes an objective and impartial review of the event. The first part discusses the rise and rise of the constitutional trend of thought in China, the Congress Petition Movement is just under such a background; the second part of the petition movement is the origin of the movement, The third part analyses the positive and negative effects of the Petition Movement on the political situation in the late Qing Dynasty; the fourth part makes an objective and impartial review of the Petition Movement; the fifth part draws a conclusion, summarizes and analyzes the root cause of the petition failure and the impact of the event on the democratic and constitutional life of China.

【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：K252

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