庞德《诗章》的互文性阐释

发布时间：2018-05-14 12:38

本文选题：庞德 + 《诗章》　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：庞德是20世纪充满争议性的大诗人,他也是英美诗歌界最难懂的作家之一。他花费五十二年时间仍未创作完成的诗歌代表作《诗章》,被公认为是一部"天书"。除了二十多种语言文字造成的阅读障碍,还有支离破碎的排版印刷、杂乱无章的文本结构、意识流式的表达陈述和透着神秘主义面纱的思想主张,这一切使《诗章》变得佶屈聱牙、晦涩难懂,同时也给欧美和国内的诗歌评论家带来困难和挑战。多年以来,在对《诗章》进行解读和阐释的过程中,有很多细节和篇章一直无法有机联系到一起,而且由于没有一个恰如其分的角度对它们进行全面的分析,致使读者在理解和认知方面容易陷入僵局。朱丽叶·克里斯蒂娃提出的互文性理论提供了一个独特的认知视角,帮助读者转换思维和理解方式,可用来解决这个让人困顿的难题。《庞德诗章的互文性阐释》就是基于上述考虑着手进行研究的。纵观国内外的研究成果,欧美学者围绕庞德和《诗章》主要展开五方面的研究:第一,把庞德生前撰写的各类文稿进行汇编整理,结集出版,为读者进行研究工作准备第一手素材;第二,对庞德的成长经历、个人境遇、人生起伏等展开个案研究;第三,对庞德的诗歌或翻译作品等,以导读和文本指南的形式进行概述;第四,对庞德作品的艺术特色和思想主题进行挖掘和整理;第五,对庞德的个人身份、历史地位和他在现当代文学发展中的作用和价值等进行讨论。国内学者围绕庞德和《诗章》也展开多方面的研究,其中五大板块最引人注目:第一,就庞德的翻译思想和翻译理论展开具体研究;第二,借助文学理论的相关知识,讨论庞德与中国传统文化之间的内外在联系;第三,借助比较文学的研究方法,对庞德的创作历程和诗学思想进行文学考察;第四,围绕庞德的《休·塞尔温·莫伯利》、《比萨诗章》等诗歌作品展开风格、主题、艺术特色等方面的研究和讨论;第五,从美学视角对庞德的《神州集》、《诗经》等翻译作品进行解读和透视等。经过文献梳理可知,目前国内外还没有学者正式提出以互文性为视角对庞德的《诗章》进行系统的文本研究的。劳伦斯·S·瑞尼的《一首蕴含历史的诗:诗章的文本研究》(1997)、理查德·泰勒的《诗章的文本》(1999)和詹妮弗·玛丽·努尔米的《埃兹拉·庞德诗章里的认识论以及互文性实践》(2007)涉及文本及互文性理论,但是明显有一些缺陷。国内学者主要关注庞德翻译理论及翻译实践方面的研究,对庞德在诗歌领域的贡献,尤其对他的诗歌代表作《诗章》进行文本细读方面,还有待开拓和创新。截至目前,国内还没有博硕士论文旗帜鲜明地借助互文性理论对庞德的《诗章》进行综合评价和系统研究的。鉴于此,本研究希望以互文性为视角,对庞德的《诗章》进行较为全面、系统的分析和讨论,以弥补国内外学者在该方面研究的不足。本研究除绪论和结论两部分之外,主要涉及五个章节的内容:第一章讨论作为诗歌艺术文本的《诗章》,认为《诗章》用诗的语言和诗的形式艺术地再现了庞德一生中的所见所闻和真情实感,实现了诗言志、歌咏言的诗学功能。从互文性的视角看,《诗章》是一部众声喧哗的诗歌总集,里面不仅有富含诗意的意象在相互唱和,而且还有意象构成的漩涡充满各种回声和余音。此外,《诗章》作为诗歌艺术文本,其字里行间镶嵌着荷马、但丁、惠特曼、布朗宁、叶芝、艾略特、H.D.等诗人的影子,是一部众星闪烁、杂语纷呈的抒情戏剧史诗。实际上,《诗章》对史诗《奥德赛》和《神曲》进行了思想体系和叙述风格的戏仿,同时融合了惠特曼的自由体诗风、布朗尼的戏剧独白体、叶芝的象征主义风格以及艾略特、H.D.等诗人的叛逆文风。这一切造就了庞德独一无二的艺术体验和特立独行的诗学品格。第二章讨论作为人类文化文本的《诗章》,认为《诗章》不是狭隘的宣扬美国文化至上的表述和话语,而是相反,庞德认为美国文化充斥着腐朽和堕落的内容,问题重重,只有借助古希腊、古罗马文化的批判精神和东方文化的包容精神,才能使美国和美国文化走向光明,重新焕发生机。这也影射了人类文化文本之间相互作用、全面对话的倾向和事实。从互文性视角考察,庞德的确主动地在《诗章》里借助多样性的文本形式,展现丰富多彩的民族文化:一方面有的放矢地再现各民族文化的对话和狂欢,另一方面淋漓尽致地呈现庞德要真实表达的文化诉求。第三章讨论作为社会历史文本的《诗章》,认为《诗章》名副其实地承担着历史记事和历史警示等社会功能。作为一种特殊的社会历史文本,《诗章》不仅吸收和改编历史上前人或后人的文字作品,而且借助戏仿、拼贴、引用、模仿等手段,对同时代的社会历史文本进行了文本间的重组和改造。庞德的诗就是要整合古往今来的历史力量,并相信这些历史力量会对社会产生积极的影响。所以,在《诗章》中,读者不难读到许许多多历史事件转化为历史文本,历史文本转化为社会公众意识,社会公众意识又转化为文学的事例。第四章讨论作为政治经济学文本的《诗章》,认为《诗章》自出版以来之所以争议不断,其中一个重要原因,就是庞德把自己不成熟的政治经济学思想完全暴露在《诗章》的具体情节。庞德最初受到家族传统的影响,后来因为笃信激进主义者奥拉格·拉奇和道格拉斯的政治变革和经济学思想,希望为民族振兴撰写教科书。与此同时,他还不识时务地寄希望于像墨索里尼这样的法西斯头目,以为"公牛"可以将理论付诸实践,结果成为政治糊涂虫。他还在《诗章》中流露出一种反犹太主义思想,那是一种带有民族偏见的反犹太主义的罪恶。虽然庞德对自己的反犹太主义思想有所忏悔,但是显然不够深刻。庞德的政治经济学带着伤疤,但也不是没有好的方面,比如,庞德的政治经济学体系中有中国古代政治经济学的影子。第五章讨论作为道德哲学文本的《诗章》,认为《诗章》是庞德道德哲学思想的宣言书,里面点缀着闪光的细节,充满对正、明、仁以及真、善、美的追寻、叩问和反思,是庞德道德意识和哲学观念互文作用的结果。纵观《诗章》,不难发现,其字里行间不仅仅是庞德自己的人生感悟和道德理念,还有古希腊古罗马哲学、英法的启蒙哲学、德国的理性哲学、美国的超验主义哲学,甚至包括以孔子为代表的中国儒家哲学。这些不仅反映了庞德对西方哲学思想的融会贯通,也反映了他对东方道德哲学的开放式理解和接受。庞德对中、诚、仁、道等哲学思想的吸收和消化,使他自觉地与治国治民的实用主义哲学建立互文性的联系;他对是非、美丑、正邪哲学观念的阐释和发挥,使他对社会道德标准有了全新的诠释。在《诗章》中,还会发现庞德是新柏拉图主义理念的热情崇拜者,他也是平民主义道德哲学的代言人。庞德站在平民百姓的立场上维护社会正义,认为那不是权力而是职责,同时希望他维护百姓利益的话百试不殆。互文性理论是解读《诗章》的一把钥匙。借助该理论来关照《诗章》,不难看出,《诗章》作为文本的确具有开放、多元和跨语境的特征。当然,通过解读《诗章》再反观互文性理论本身,会发现对《诗章》的互文性阐释,在某种程度上又是对互文性理论的一种贡献,或者说是一种开拓和发展。需要指出的是,庞德的《诗章》是一部百科全书式的伟大作品,该研究只是借助互文性视角对庞德的《诗章》进行尝试性的理论分析和实践探索,因此只能是管中窥豹,不可能面面俱到。虽然依据克里斯蒂娃等文艺理论家的文本理论和互文性理论,可以把《诗章》视为诗歌艺术文本、人类文化文本、社会历史文本、政治经济学文本和道德哲学文本,但是不可能穷尽这些领域所有现象的研究,因为《诗章》本身就是由各种所指和无数话语组成的集合体,充斥着无限的可能性;而且,从一首诗的所指可以引申出更多的所指,以至于从某个诗歌话语中可以读出无数隐含话语。或许正因为这样,关于庞德《诗章》的研究才充满了扑朔迷离;或许正因为这样,关于庞德《诗章》的研究才变得趣味横生、意义无穷。
[Abstract]:Pound is a controversial big poet in twentieth Century. He is one of the most difficult writers in the Anglo American poetry world. He took fifty-two years of unfinished poetry as a "book of poetry". It is recognized as a "book of heaven". In addition to the reading barrier caused by more than 20 languages, and the fragmentary typesetting printing, it is disorderly. The structure of the text, the expression of the flow of consciousness and the idea of the mysticism veil, all of which make the chapter of the poem more difficult and difficult to understand, but also bring difficulties and challenges to the European and American poetry critics. For years, there are many details and chapters in the process of reading and interpreting the poem. Juliet Christiva's intertextuality theory provides a unique cognitive perspective to help readers transform their thinking and understanding, which can be used to solve this problem. The intertextual interpretation of Pound's poetry is based on the above considerations. Looking at the research results at home and abroad, the European and American scholars focus on the five aspects of Pound and the "chapter of poetry": first, assemble and organize all kinds of manuscripts written by Pound in order to make research work for readers. Prepare the first hand material; second, carry out a case study of Pound's growth experience, personal circumstances, and life ups and downs; third, summarize Pound's poems or translations, etc. in the form of guide reading and text guide; fourth, excavate and organize the artistic features and thinking themes of Pound's works; fifth, personal identity to Pound. The historical status and his role and value in the development of contemporary and contemporary literature are discussed. The domestic scholars have carried out a number of studies around Pound and his poetry. Five of them are the most striking. First, a specific study of Pound's translation theory and translation theory is carried out; and second, with the help of the relevant knowledge of literary theory, Pound is discussed and discussed. The internal and external relations between Chinese traditional culture and the internal and external relations; third, with the help of comparative literature research methods, Pound's creative process and poetic thought are studied in literature. Fourth, the research and Discussion on the style, theme, and artistic features of Pound's poetry, such as Hugh salwy mobury, and pizza poetry, and so on; fifth, from aesthetics From the perspective of Pound's translation works such as "Shenzhou Collection >" and "Book of Songs >" and so on. Through literature review, there are no scholars at home and abroad to put forward a systematic text study on Pound's < poetry > from the perspective of intertextuality. Laurence S Reni's "a poem containing history: the text of poetry" (1997), The text of Chad Taylor's "text of poetry" (1999) and Jennifer Mary Nurmi's "epistemology in Ezra Pound's poetry and intertextuality practice > (2007) involve text and intertextuality theory, but there are some obvious defects. The domestic scholars focus on Pound's translation theory and translation practice, and Pound is in the field of poetry." In particular, he still needs to be explored and innovated in his poetry representative works, which is still to be explored and innovated. At present, there has not been a comprehensive evaluation and systematic study of Pound's < poetry > with the help of intertextuality theory in China. In view of this, this study hopes to take the intertextuality as the perspective to Pound's < poetry. In addition to the two parts of the introduction and conclusion, this study mainly involves the contents of the five chapters: Chapter One discusses the chapter of poetry as the artistic text of poetry, and thinks that "poetry" reproduces Pang Deyi in the form of the language and poetry of poetry. From the perspective of intertextuality, the poem is a collection of poetry, which not only contains poetic images in each other, but also the whirlpool of images is full of echoes and cones. In addition, < poetry > as a poetic art. The text, which is inlaid with Homa, Dante, Whitman, Browning, Yeats, Eliot, H.D. and other poets, is a lyric and dramatic epic which is sparkling and miscellaneous. In fact, the poem is parody of the thought system and narrative style of the epic < Odyssey > and < Divine Comedy >, and combines Whitman's free style poetry style. The dramatic monologue of brownies, the symbolism style of Yeats and the rebellious style of the poets such as Eliot and H.D.. All these bring up Pound's unique artistic experience and the unique poetic character. The second chapter discusses the chapter of poetry as the text of human culture, and thinks that the poem is not a parochial expression of the supremacy of American culture. On the contrary, Pound thinks that American culture is full of decadent and depraved content and has many problems. Only with the aid of ancient Greece, the critical spirit of ancient Rome culture and the tolerance of the oriental culture, can the American and American culture be bright and revitalized. This also reflects the interaction between the human cultural texts and the whole face. From the perspective of intertextuality, Pound did take the initiative to display the rich and colorful national culture in the "poetry" with the help of diversity. On the one hand, the dialogue and Carnival of all ethnic cultures were reproduced on the one hand, and on the other hand, the cultural appeal of Pound was vividly presented. The third chapter was discussed. As a special social and historical text, the poem, as a special social and historical text, not only absorbs and adapts the literary works of the former or the later generations, but also uses parody, collage, citations, imitation and other means of social history of the same times. The text is reorganized and reformed between texts. Pound's poetry is to integrate the historical forces of the past and present, and believe that these historical forces will have a positive influence on society. So, in the chapter of poetry, readers can not read many historical events translated into historical texts, historical texts translated into public awareness, social public. The fourth chapter discusses the chapter of poetry as the text of political economics, and argues that the reason why the "poetry" has been controversial since its publication is that Pound exposes his immature political economic thought to the specific plot of the poem. Pound was initially influenced by the family tradition, Later, because of the political change and economics of radicer Rudge and Douglas, he hoped to write textbooks for the rejuvenation of the nation. At the same time, he had no time to hope for the fascist head like Mussolini, thinking that the bull could put the theory into practice and became a political muddleer. There is an anti Semitism in the poem, which is a crime of anti Semitism with national prejudice. Although Pound confessed his anti Semitism, it is obviously not profound enough. Pound's political economics has scars, but it is not a good aspect, for example, Pound's political economy system. The fifth chapter discusses the shadow of Chinese ancient political economics. The fifth chapter discusses the chapter of poetry as the text of moral philosophy, and thinks that the chapter of poetry is a manifesto of moral philosophy, which is embellished with glittering details, full of the search for positive, bright, benevolent, and true, the pursuit of goodness and beauty, and the intertextuality of Pound's moral and philosophical ideas. It is not difficult to find that between the lines of poetry, it is not difficult to find that the words and words are not only Pound's own feelings and moral ideas, but also ancient Greek ancient Rome philosophy, English and French Enlightenment philosophy, German rational philosophy, American Transcendentalism philosophy, and even the Chinese Confucian philosophy represented by Confucius, which not only reflect Pound's Thought on western philosophy. The integration of thought reflects his open understanding and acceptance of Oriental moral philosophy. Pound's absorption and digestion of philosophical ideas such as honesty, sincerity, benevolence and Taoism make him consciously establish intertextuality with the pragmatism philosophy of governing the people. There must be a new interpretation. In the poem, Pound is also a passionate admirer of the new Platon doctrine. He is also the spokesperson for the moral philosophy of populism. Pound stands on the standpoint of the common people to maintain social justice, and thinks that it is not power but duty. At the same time, he wants him to safeguard the interests of the people. The theory of sex is a key to the interpretation of the chapter of poetry. With the help of this theory, it is not difficult to see that the "chapter >" as a text does have the characteristics of opening, pluralism and cross context. Of course, the intertextuality interpretation of the < poetry > is found by reading the "poetry" and the intertextuality theory itself, and to some extent it is also to the theory of intertextuality. A kind of contribution, or a kind of development and development. It is necessary to point out that Pound's poetry is a great work of encyclopedia. This study is only a tentative theoretical analysis and practical exploration of Pound's < poetry > with the aid of intertextuality. Therefore, it can only be a leopard in the pipe, and it is impossible to meet with each other. Although it is based on Christie The text theory and intertextuality theory of literary theorists, such as Eve, can regard the < poem > as the artistic text of poetry, the text of human culture, the text of social history, the text of political economy and the text of moral philosophy, but it is impossible to exhaustion the study of all the phenomena in these fields, because the poem is itself composed of all kinds of words and countless words. The aggregation is full of infinite possibilities; and, from the point of a poem, more meaning can be extended so that a number of implied words can be read from a poetic discourse. Perhaps it is precisely because of this, that the study of Pound's chapter of poetry is full of confusing; perhaps it is precisely because of this, that the study of Pound's poetry has become the only one. The taste is born, and the meaning is infinite.

【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：I712.072

【参考文献】