奥登的思想历程及其诗歌创作研究

发布时间：2018-06-08 21:30

  本文选题：奥登 + 思想历程　； 参考：《湖南师范大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：威斯坦·休·奥登是20世纪英美诗坛上的一位举足轻重的诗人,一般认为在他的创作生涯中,其思想发展经历了三个阶段的转变。第一阶段主要为心理学思想,第二阶段主要为左倾政治思想,第三阶段主要为基督教思想。本文采取新历史主义、文化研究、心理分析等批评方法深入分析奥登不同时期思想的主要内容、产生根源、转变缘由,以及三种主要思想之间的矛盾、联系、承接等问题。在此基础上,借助大量的文本分析,对奥登思想在作品中的具体显现和对不同时期诗歌创作的影响进行详尽的探讨。本文主要分为五章。前面两章探讨奥登的多种思想及其关系,后面三章阐述奥登三种思想和诗歌创作的联系。具体而言,第一章论述奥登三种主要思想的具体内容和转变过程。他的心理学思想受到弗洛伊德、格罗代克、霍默·莱恩、莱亚德、荣格等心理学家的影响,形成了带有诊断性质的艺术观,将诗歌艺术作为观察人性的工具和治愈人心的药方。他的政治思想根源于1930年代动荡的时局,他选择站在无产阶级立场上关注社会现实,马克思主义理论中的劳动价值理论、剩余价值理论、历史唯物论等对他影响深远,他了解到资产阶级背后的丑陋,对共产主义拯救世界寄予期待。他的基督教思想根源于其教会家庭,他幼年时一直遵从母亲的宗教引导,直到青少年时期接触了大量科学理论,他开始对宗教产生怀疑,宣称放弃原有的信仰。不过当1930年代末他开始研究克尔恺郭尔的基督教存在主义理论之后,他逐步理解了基督教的真正含义,重新参加礼拜,并承认自己对基督教信仰的回归。第二章研究奥登三种思想的重要特点——交融性与持续性。交融性体现在虽然三种思想截然不同,但依然存在着交叉与融合。奥登对于世界的整体看法由基督教转向心理学分析再转向左倾政治最后又回归基督教,这是一个继承与累积的过程,它们都建立在奥登救民救世的基本初衷之上。持续性则表现为尽管三种思想阶段分明,但都对他的创作产生了持续一生的影响。心理学赋予了奥登治愈人心的使命感和心理分析的科学方法,马克思主义教会奥登客观、历史、辩证的思考方式,而基督教则给予奥登对爱的关注与对人的关怀,这三方面融入到奥登的创作思想之中,在其创作的不同阶段都有体现。第三章分析奥登的心理学思想与诗歌创作之间的关系,具体从病态人格、死亡阴影、自我困境、以及爱的治愈等方面探讨了心理学思想在内涵方面对奥登诗歌创作的影响,同时指出心理学思想在形式上也影响了奥登的诗歌创作,并分别从寓言式写作和诗歌的风格两方面进行了论述。第四章讨论奥登的左倾政治思想对其诗歌创作的影响,阐述他是如何通过作品表明他的左翼立场,表达他对资产阶级的批评和对无产阶级斗争的鼓动,同时他还常在作品中表达了对社会问题的高度关注,并试图通过诗歌去呼吁人们反抗不公与暴政,进行社会变革。本章还从“鹰的视域”及言语风格两方面分析了奥登左倾政治思想对其诗歌创作在形式上的影响。第五章论述基督教思想在奥登诗歌创作中的表现。通过对他晚年诗歌的研读,可以发现他的基督教信仰是虔诚的,但也是理性的。虔诚表现在他通过大量颂祷式写作和宗教式隐喻来表达对上帝之光的信赖与推崇,而理性则表现在他有着自己独特的宗教观念,他对宗教的颂扬也更多在于其能够实现他“爱邻如己”的救世信条。通过上述讨论,本文得出的结论为,奥登的三种思想彼此之间存在着交集和联系,并且对奥登都有终其一生的深刻影响。心理学思想对于奥登的诗歌创作产生最大的影响在于诊断性的艺术观,认为可以借助诗歌艺术来治愈人病态的心灵;而左倾政治思想的影响在于让奥登持续地对现实社会保持关注,并学会以客观、辩证、理性的角度来看待社会问题,提出社会改革;基督教信仰的影响在于让奥登坚信“爱邻如己”是与生俱来的使命,只有沐浴在上帝的光环之下,才能获得灵魂的栖息之所,获得平和的精神乐土,从而在荒芜的世界中坚强而安定地生存。
[Abstract]:Weinstein Hugh Oden is one of the most important poets in the Anglo American poetry world in twentieth Century. It is generally believed that in his creative career, his ideological development has undergone three stages of transformation. The first stage is mainly psychological thought, the second stage is mainly left leaning political thought and the third stage is mainly Christian thought. This article takes a new history. The criticism methods, such as doctrine, cultural research, psychological analysis, and so on, deeply analyze the main contents of Auden's thought in different periods, cause the origin, change the reason, and the contradiction, connection and undertaking between the three main ideas. On this basis, with the help of a large number of text analysis, the concrete manifestation of Auden thought in the works and the poetry of different periods are made. The influence of the creation is discussed in detail. This article is divided into five chapters. The first two chapters discuss Auden's various thoughts and their relations, and the other three chapters explain the connection between Auden's three thoughts and poetic creation. In particular, the first chapter discusses the specific content and transformation process of Auden's three main ideas. His psychological thoughts are Freud, The influence of grosdeco, Homer Ryan, Layard, Carl Jung, and other psychologists, formed a view of the nature of the art of art, the art of poetry as a tool for observing human nature and a prescription for the healing of people. His political thoughts were rooted in the turbulent times of the 1930s, and he chose to stand on the proletarian position and pay attention to social reality and Marx. The theory of labor value theory, the theory of surplus value and historical materialism have profound influence on him. He understands the ugly behind the bourgeoisie and hopes to save the world by communism. His Christian thought is rooted in his church family, and he has been guided by the mother's religion at a young age until he is in contact with a large number of subjects. In theory, he began to doubt about religion and claimed to give up the original belief. But after he began to study Kerr Key Gol's Christian existentialism in the late 1930s, he gradually understood the true meaning of Christianity, rejoined the church, and acknowledged his return to the Christian faith. The second chapter studied the three ideas of Auden. It is an important feature - blending and sustainability. The integration is embodied in the fact that although the three ideas are completely different, there are still intersecting and merging. Auden's overall view of the world is from Christianity to psychology and then to leftist politics and finally to Christianity. This is a process of succession and accumulation, all of which are established in Auden's rescue. On the basis of the basic original intention of the people's salvation, persistence shows that although the three ideological stages are distinct, they all have a lasting influence on his creation. Psychology gives Auden the sense of mission and the scientific method of psychoanalysis. Marx teaches Auden to be objective, historical, and dialectical thinking, while Christianity is given to him. Auden's attention to love and concern for people, these three aspects are integrated into Auden's creative thinking and in the different stages of his creation. The third chapter analyses the relationship between Auden's psychological thoughts and poetic creation, and discusses the psychological thoughts from the morbid personality, the shadow of death, the self stranded condition, and the cure of love. In the connotation of the influence of Auden's poetic creation, it also points out that psychological thought also affects Auden's poetic creation in form, and discusses the two aspects of the allegorical writing and the style of poetry. The fourth chapter discusses the influence of Auden's leftist political thought on his poetic creation, and expounds how he shows him through his works. The left-wing position expressed his criticism of the bourgeoisie and the agitation of the proletarian struggle. At the same time, he often expressed his high attention to the social problems in his works, and tried to appeal to people to resist injustice and tyranny and carry on social change through poetry. This chapter also analyzed Odenzzo from the "Eagle's horizon" and the language style. The fifth chapter discusses the expression of Christian thought in the creation of Auden's poetry. Through the study of his later years, he can find that his Christian faith is pious, but also rational. The trust and worship of the light, while reason shows that he has his own unique religious concept, and his praise of religion is more about the salvation of his "loving neighbor as yourself". Through the above discussion, the conclusion of this article is that Auden's three ideas are intersecting and connected with each other, and that Auden has the end of each other. The profound influence of the psychological thought on Auden's poetic creation lies in a diagnostic art view that can be used to heal the sick mind with the help of poetic art, while the influence of the leftist political thought lies in keeping Auden continuing to pay attention to the real society and learning to be objective, dialectical and rational. To look at social problems and put forward social reform, the influence of Christian faith lies in making Auden firmly believe that "love the neighbor as yourself" is an inherent mission. Only under the aura of God can we get the place of the soul, get the peaceful spirit, and survive in the barren world.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：I712.074
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本文编号：1997209