当代非洲史学进程研究
发布时间：2018-07-28 06:43
【摘要】：近年来,中国和非洲都在积极探索自身文明的“复兴”之路,要实现复兴需要具备哪些条件呢?中国和非洲该如何携手并进才能实现两个民族的复兴呢?复兴不是复古,是文化传承与创新的统一,而史学是文化中的文化。因此,非洲复兴不仅需要非洲文化的传承与创新的统一,也需要史学传承和创新的统一。本文通过对于当代非洲史学进程的研究,来探讨非洲史学对于非洲复兴的意义及其影响。当代非洲史学是在西方统治时期的殖民主义史学的胚胎内产生的。在殖民统治时期,西方列强为了攫取最大的殖民利益,为了使殖民地居民在心理上产生自卑感而对非洲人实行思想文化方面的殖民,他们将非洲大陆“虚构”成是没有历史的大陆,将欧洲人看成是非洲历史上一切重大变革的推动者。这些观念主要体现在“含米特假设”中。20世纪50、60年代随着非洲民族独立解放运动的蓬勃发展以及非洲大陆上一系列新国家的建立,从政治上宣布了非洲人与欧洲人的平等性。然而政治上的独立只是非洲独立的第一步,消除非洲人的自卑心理还需要从思想文化上来证明非洲人与欧洲人的平等性,自卑心理的消除需要依靠一种强大的文化自信,而文化自信则来源于对于自身悠久历史与文明的认知。因此,非洲民族独立之后的“新”史学的主要任务就变成了发现、寻找非洲悠久的历史与文明。这种新史学是与殖民统治时期对于非洲的种种“虚构”针锋相对的,殖民主义史学认为非洲是没有历史的大陆,新史学则认为非洲不但是有历史的大陆,并且有着悠久的历史；殖民主义史学认为非洲大陆上一切重大变革都是由欧洲人推动的,新史学则认为非洲人是非洲大陆上一切重大变革的积极推动者;殖民主义史学认为非洲没有记载史实的文献资料,所以说非洲是没有历史的,新史学家认为口头传说是非洲人保存自己历史的独特形式,用口头传说可以来研究非洲历史。尼日利亚伊巴丹大学历史系最能体现非洲新史学的相关特征,由联合国教科文组织组织编撰的《非洲通史》是非洲新史学的集大成者。20世纪70年代,非洲政府开始面临着严峻的经济发展、工业化和国家整合的任务,要实现这些任务,必须找到一种能够超越政治史而看到政治经济秩序潜在决定因素的新历史。非洲史学出现了用依附理论和欠发达理论来解释当时非洲经济发展困境,用马克思主义阶级的方法来分析非洲不能彻底实现发展的原因。同时,这种史学也批判了之前强调政治史研究的民族主义史学。非洲史学的经济史分支最能体现20世纪70年代非洲史学的主要研究内容和研究方法。20世纪80、90年,面对着实施结构调整方案后的大多数非洲国家的经济衰退、政治动荡的困境,非洲史学家们开始怀疑西方强加的结构调整方案背后的新自由主义对于非洲的适用性,并试图从非洲社会的实践出发,找出能够更有效地解决非洲问题的新史学,这种新史学的主要特征是从文化上批判西方建构起来的单一、简单的非洲“他者”形象,主张研究非洲社会的多样性和复杂性,这些主张主要反映在社会史的研究上。21世纪的非洲是发展与危机并存的大陆,其国际关系重点由欧美国家转向金砖国家。面对着这些变化,非洲史学研究呈现出了非洲史学与全球史学的互动研究、金砖国家、与非洲社会问题相关的史学研究并出现了多维度的研究视角、多元化的研究主题、比较的研究方法、自主性的研究主题等未来发展趋势。通过对于当代非洲史学进程的研究,本文认为,非洲过去不仅是非洲史学的主要研究内容,同时也是非洲要“复兴”的主要内容。因此,当代非洲史学的发展进程就本身就是不断完善非洲“复兴”内容的过程。同时,当代非洲史学的发展也对实现非洲复兴具有积极的推进作用,这种作用主要体现在：首先,通过史学,认识非洲文明。非洲复兴的根本在于非洲文明的复兴,而实现非洲文明复兴的首要条件是先了解非洲有哪些文明,这些文明是如何形成的。其次,史学有助于找到一条为非洲量身定做的复兴之路。非洲史学,通过对于西方、非洲以及金砖国家发展历程的全面分析研究,取其精华,弃其糟粕,能为实现非洲复兴目标提供有益的借鉴。再次,通过书写共同历史经历的史学,有助于培养和增强非洲人民对于国家的认同感、归属感,增强非洲人的民族精神,携手共创非洲复兴。最后,非洲史学在研究进程中所形成的正视历史、从现实问题出发,追求现实问题解决的优良史学传统,有助于非洲史学家们肩负起实现非洲复兴的时代使命。
[Abstract]:In recent years, China and Africa are actively exploring the road to the "revival" of their own civilization. What are the conditions for the realization of a revival? How should China and Africa go hand in hand to achieve the revival of the two nations? Revival is not an ancient, a cultural heritage and a cultural heritage, and history is a culture. Therefore, African Renaissance is not The unity of the inheritance and innovation of the African culture and the unity of the history of history and innovation are also needed. This article, through the study of the process of contemporary African historiography, explores the significance and influence of African historiography on the African Renaissance. Contemporary African historiography is produced within the embryo of the colonial history of Western rule. In the period of governance, in order to seize the greatest colonial interests, the Western powers colonized the Africans with a sense of inferiority in the mentality of the colonies. They made the African continent "fictitious" as a continent without history, and regarded Europeans as the promoters of all the major changes in the history of Africa. In the 50,60 age of the.20 century, with the flourishing development of the national liberation movement in Africa and the establishment of a series of new countries on the African continent, the equality between Africans and Europeans is declared politically. However, the political independence is only the first step of Africa's independence, and the inferiority of Africans is eliminated. It is necessary to prove the equality between the Africans and the Europeans from the ideology and culture. The elimination of the inferiority complex needs to rely on a strong cultural confidence, while the cultural confidence comes from the recognition of its own long history and civilization. Therefore, the main task of the "new" history after the independence of the African nation has become a discovery and a long search for Africa. History and civilization. This new history is opposed to the "fiction" of Africa in the colonial period. Colonialist historiography thinks that Africa is a continent without history. The new historiography thinks that Africa is not only a historical continent but also has a long history; colonialist historiography thinks that all the great changes on the African continent have changed. The new historiography believes that Africans are active promoters of all major changes on the continent of Africa; colonialist historiography holds that Africa has no historical documents, so that Africa is not historical, and that the new historians believe that oral legends are the unique forms of the African people to preserve their history. The History Department of the African University of Ibadan, Nigeria, can reflect the characteristics of the new history of Africa. The general history of Africa, compiled by the UNESCO, is an aggregation of the new history of Africa in the 70s of.20, and the African government began to face the task of severe economic development, industrialization and national integration. In order to achieve these tasks, we must find a new history that can transcend the political history and see the potential determinants of the political and economic order. The African historiography appears to explain the predicament of the African economic development at that time with the theory of attachment and the underdeveloped theory, and to analyze the reasons why Africa can not be completely developed by the Marx class method. This history also criticized the nationalist historiography which emphasized the study of political history. The branch of economic history of African historiography can most reflect the main research contents and research methods of African history in the 1970s.20 century 80,90, facing the economic recession of most African countries after the implementation of the structural adjustment scheme, the plight of political turmoil, African historians have begun to doubt the applicability of Neo liberalism behind the structural adjustment program imposed by the west, and try to find out new historiography that can solve African problems more effectively from the practice of African society. The main feature of this new history is to criticize the western culture from the West. The image of "the other" of the continent advocates the study of the diversity and complexity of African society. These ideas are mainly reflected in the study of social history. Africa is the continent of development and crisis in the.21 century. Its international relations are shifted from European and American countries to the BRICs countries. The interactive study of history, the BRICs countries, the historical research related to the African social problems and the emergence of a multi-dimensional research perspective, a variety of research themes, comparative research methods, and the future trend of self-determination research. Through the study of the process of contemporary African historiography, this article holds that Africa used to be not only African historiography. The main content of the study is also the main content of Africa's "revival". Therefore, the process of the development of contemporary African history is itself a process of improving the content of the "revival" of Africa. At the same time, the development of contemporary African historiography also has a positive impact on the realization of the African Renaissance. Through history and understanding of African civilization. The root of African Renaissance lies in the revival of African civilization, and the first condition for the revival of African civilization is to understand the civilizations in Africa and how these civilizations have been formed. Secondly, history helps to find a way of rejuvenation for Africa. The comprehensive analysis of the development process of the BRIC countries, the essence and the discard can provide useful reference for the realization of the African revival goal. Again, through the writing of the history of the common historical experience, it helps to cultivate and strengthen the African people's sense of identity and belonging to the country, to strengthen the ethos of the Africans, and to create an African recovery hand in hand. In the end, the African historians will shoulder the mission of realizing the African Renaissance by looking at the history in the course of the study, starting from the realistic problems and pursuing the excellent historical tradition to solve the realistic problems.
【学位授予单位】：云南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K4
，
本文编号：2149246
[Abstract]:In recent years, China and Africa are actively exploring the road to the "revival" of their own civilization. What are the conditions for the realization of a revival? How should China and Africa go hand in hand to achieve the revival of the two nations? Revival is not an ancient, a cultural heritage and a cultural heritage, and history is a culture. Therefore, African Renaissance is not The unity of the inheritance and innovation of the African culture and the unity of the history of history and innovation are also needed. This article, through the study of the process of contemporary African historiography, explores the significance and influence of African historiography on the African Renaissance. Contemporary African historiography is produced within the embryo of the colonial history of Western rule. In the period of governance, in order to seize the greatest colonial interests, the Western powers colonized the Africans with a sense of inferiority in the mentality of the colonies. They made the African continent "fictitious" as a continent without history, and regarded Europeans as the promoters of all the major changes in the history of Africa. In the 50,60 age of the.20 century, with the flourishing development of the national liberation movement in Africa and the establishment of a series of new countries on the African continent, the equality between Africans and Europeans is declared politically. However, the political independence is only the first step of Africa's independence, and the inferiority of Africans is eliminated. It is necessary to prove the equality between the Africans and the Europeans from the ideology and culture. The elimination of the inferiority complex needs to rely on a strong cultural confidence, while the cultural confidence comes from the recognition of its own long history and civilization. Therefore, the main task of the "new" history after the independence of the African nation has become a discovery and a long search for Africa. History and civilization. This new history is opposed to the "fiction" of Africa in the colonial period. Colonialist historiography thinks that Africa is a continent without history. The new historiography thinks that Africa is not only a historical continent but also has a long history; colonialist historiography thinks that all the great changes on the African continent have changed. The new historiography believes that Africans are active promoters of all major changes on the continent of Africa; colonialist historiography holds that Africa has no historical documents, so that Africa is not historical, and that the new historians believe that oral legends are the unique forms of the African people to preserve their history. The History Department of the African University of Ibadan, Nigeria, can reflect the characteristics of the new history of Africa. The general history of Africa, compiled by the UNESCO, is an aggregation of the new history of Africa in the 70s of.20, and the African government began to face the task of severe economic development, industrialization and national integration. In order to achieve these tasks, we must find a new history that can transcend the political history and see the potential determinants of the political and economic order. The African historiography appears to explain the predicament of the African economic development at that time with the theory of attachment and the underdeveloped theory, and to analyze the reasons why Africa can not be completely developed by the Marx class method. This history also criticized the nationalist historiography which emphasized the study of political history. The branch of economic history of African historiography can most reflect the main research contents and research methods of African history in the 1970s.20 century 80,90, facing the economic recession of most African countries after the implementation of the structural adjustment scheme, the plight of political turmoil, African historians have begun to doubt the applicability of Neo liberalism behind the structural adjustment program imposed by the west, and try to find out new historiography that can solve African problems more effectively from the practice of African society. The main feature of this new history is to criticize the western culture from the West. The image of "the other" of the continent advocates the study of the diversity and complexity of African society. These ideas are mainly reflected in the study of social history. Africa is the continent of development and crisis in the.21 century. Its international relations are shifted from European and American countries to the BRICs countries. The interactive study of history, the BRICs countries, the historical research related to the African social problems and the emergence of a multi-dimensional research perspective, a variety of research themes, comparative research methods, and the future trend of self-determination research. Through the study of the process of contemporary African historiography, this article holds that Africa used to be not only African historiography. The main content of the study is also the main content of Africa's "revival". Therefore, the process of the development of contemporary African history is itself a process of improving the content of the "revival" of Africa. At the same time, the development of contemporary African historiography also has a positive impact on the realization of the African Renaissance. Through history and understanding of African civilization. The root of African Renaissance lies in the revival of African civilization, and the first condition for the revival of African civilization is to understand the civilizations in Africa and how these civilizations have been formed. Secondly, history helps to find a way of rejuvenation for Africa. The comprehensive analysis of the development process of the BRIC countries, the essence and the discard can provide useful reference for the realization of the African revival goal. Again, through the writing of the history of the common historical experience, it helps to cultivate and strengthen the African people's sense of identity and belonging to the country, to strengthen the ethos of the Africans, and to create an African recovery hand in hand. In the end, the African historians will shoulder the mission of realizing the African Renaissance by looking at the history in the course of the study, starting from the realistic problems and pursuing the excellent historical tradition to solve the realistic problems.
【学位授予单位】：云南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K4
，
本文编号：2149246
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