文学伦理学批评视野下的《失乐园》研究

发布时间：2018-07-28 06:49

【摘要】：本论文致力于考察《失乐园》中的伦理世界,乃是从两个着眼点出发:一方面,研究《失乐园》这部作品是如何以诗歌为话语媒介从宗教、性别、语言、宇宙论诸维度进行伦理探讨和伦理表达的;另一方面,以伦理维度为切入口考察想象性文学对宗教、性别、语言及宇宙论等重大领域的探索与干预。通过以上两方面的互质与互证,本论文试图揭示诗歌作为工具性话语进行伦理探讨与实践所具有的独特价值,同时期待从中探触到诗人所处时代的伦理脉息,观照到时代的伦理变迁,体察到诗人的伦理理想。论文主体分四个方面展开:第一章从基督教神正论角度对《失乐园》中与宗教相关的伦理论题进行探讨。《失乐园》开篇即宣称此诗的目的是要"向人类确证条条天道的正确性"(《失乐园》第一卷,第26行),因此,对自由意志与上帝意旨、受造物之理性与造物主的律法之间的矛盾冲突的探讨是其中绕不开的内容,这些问题既是神学问题,更与伦理密切相关。弥尔顿通过《失乐园》对这些悖论展开了诗性的探讨,并表达出如下信念:自由与理性作为人本精神的核心价值,一旦被抽掉神性根基,失去上帝的依持,就在恶的诱惑下不堪一击。第二章从性别与爱欲角度考察《失乐园》中"性"与爱欲的伦理价值以及通过爱欲和身体传达出的伦理观念的嬗变。首先,通过分析《失乐园》中爱欲的认知价值,指出爱欲是人类存在者走向真知的必由之路;其次,通过分析爱欲及身体所表征的政治伦理意义,指出爱欲既可以是催生秩序的建设性力量,也可以是摧毁秩序的破坏性力量。最后,《失乐园》还通过爱欲话语传达出一系列启蒙伦理观念:首先是它所表达的人之爱的特定性和不可替代性的特点,由此带来的一个观念上的后果就是对个人身份的强调;然后,诗歌文本极为具体深刻地表现了这一时期女性身体所具有的复杂政治意义。第三章从语言这一话语载体及媒介本身考察《失乐园》中语言的伦理意涵及伦理功能。具体而言,首先分析"命名"的伦理意义;然后分析由语言缔结的叙述契约,以及由此契约结成的伦理关联;最后分析语言对主体意义创建的重要作用及其与主体欲望的紧密关联。第四章从文艺复兴时期宇宙论的角度探讨《失乐园》中宇宙的相关叙事所传达的伦理意义。首先指出物理与伦理的紧密关联;接下来分析宇宙创生叙事中的伦理话语;其次,通过对宇宙中的等级秩序的分析指出它所具有的伦理意义。除此之外,这个宇宙的时间和空间也具有伦理上的重要象征意义。结论部分回答绪论中提出的三个问题:首先,《失乐园》作为一部文学作品在伦理探讨和伦理表达中具有理性伦理学无法替代的独特优势。其次,诗歌要实现从现世人伦到神义伦理的"超越"",捕捉"生命激流中的'上帝显现",呈现真实世界留在感性世界的印迹,就必须借助于中介。这中介就是形象和象征。最后,概括《失乐园》的人类堕落叙事向读者呈现出的伦理图景。
[Abstract]:This thesis is devoted to the study of the ethical world in paradise lost. It is from two points of view: on the one hand, the study of "Paradise Lost" is an ethical discussion and ethical expression on the aspects of religion, sex, language and cosmology with poetry as the medium of discourse; on the other hand, an ethical dimension as an entrance examination of imaginative literature. Through the two aspects of mutual quality and mutual evidence, this thesis attempts to reveal the unique value of poetry as a tool for ethical discussion and practice, and to explore the ethical changes in the times of the poets, and to observe the ethical changes of the times. The subject of the poet's ethical ideal is observed. The main body of the thesis is divided into four aspects: the first chapter discusses the ethical issues related to Religion in paradise lost from the point of view of the Christian God. Paradise lost is the beginning of that the purpose of the poem is to "confirm the correctness of the way to the human being" (< Paradise Lost > the first, twenty-sixth lines). The discussion of the conflict between the will and the intention of God, the contradiction between the rationality of creation and the law of the creator is an inseparable content. These problems are both theological and ethical. Milton explored the paradoxes through the paradise lost and expressed the following beliefs: freedom and reason as human essence. The core value of God, once it is removed from the divine foundation, loses the support of God, and is unbearable under the temptation of evil. The second chapter examines the ethical value of "sex" and "love" in paradise lost and the transmutation of ethical ideas conveyed through love and body from the angle of sex and desire. First, through the analysis of the cognitive price of love in paradise lost. It points out that love is the only way for human beings to come to the true knowledge. Secondly, by analyzing the political and ethical significance of love and body, it is pointed out that love can be a constructive force to promote order and a destructive force to destroy order. In the end, Paradise Lost also conveys a series of enlightenment ethics through the utterance of love. The first is the specific and irreplaceable character of the human love that it expresses, and the consequent consequence is the emphasis on personal identity. Then, the poetry text is very specific and profound to show the complex political meaning of the female body in this period. The third chapter is from the language as a discourse carrier and media book. The ethical meaning and ethical function of the language in paradise lost is investigated. In particular, the ethical significance of "naming" is analyzed first; then the narrative contract concluded by language is analyzed, and the ethical relevance formed by this contract is analyzed. Finally, it analyzes the important use of language for the creation of the subject and its close relationship with the desire of the subject. The fourth chapter is from the text. The point of view of the Renaissance cosmology discusses the ethical meaning conveyed by the related narration in paradise lost in paradise. First, it points out the close relationship between physics and ethics; then it analyzes the ethical discourse in the universe's creative narrative; secondly, it points out the ethical significance of the universe by the analysis of the order of the universe. The time and space of the Zeus also have the important symbolic significance of ethics. The conclusion part answers the three questions raised in the introduction: first, "Paradise Lost >" as a literary work in ethical discussion and ethical expression has the unique advantages that rational ethics can not replace. Secondly, poetry should realize "transcendence" from the present human ethics to the ethical ethics of God. To capture 'God's appearance' in the "life torrent" and to present the imprinting of the real world in the perceptual world, it must be mediated by the intermediary. This intermediary is the image and the symbol. Finally, the ethical landscape of the decadent narrative of paradise lost to the reader is summarized.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：I561.072

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