爱默生思想中的东方元素新探

发布时间：2018-09-01 11:38

【摘要】：拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生(Ralph Waldo Emerson,1803-1882)在美国思想史中有重要的地位,他的思想深邃悠远,历久弥新。在美国思想先父中,爱默生是第一位真正把东方思想引入美国文化的重要学者。他一生勤于阅读东方典籍,在他的随笔里流露出鲜明的东方元素和情愫。虽然关于他的研究在欧美学界汗牛充栋,但是他的东方元素直到上世纪三十年代才得到几位美国学者的关注。近年来,一些国内学者也开始关注这方面的研究,但研究成果有限。笔者在阅读中发现了爱默生不断闪现的道家思想,基于对道家的个人兴趣,笔者开始从学术角度研究爱默生的东方元素。由于爱默生一生未曾读过任何道家典籍,他与道家的自然契合便成为研究他东方元素的绝佳切入点。本文旨在通过这个角度,揭示爱默生思想的维度,探索爱默生以及跨文化研究开阔的新思路。本文采用实证及归纳法的科学研究方法,依据爱默生生平基本事实、文本比照和广角的历史和地缘背景,梳理爱默生思想主旨,从中提炼其东方元素并加以评述。生平基本事实包括爱默生个人经历与治学方法；文本比照包括与可参比的老子概念做仔细的文本比照。章节以爱默生思想的框架概念,类似道家的概念和内核概念为划分依据,分别选取了超灵与道、德性与德、自然与万物；纯真与朴、率性与无为、敬畏与居下；个体人与人、群体人与民、天才与圣人九组概念。在比照的基础上,本文进一步将爱默生思想放到全景的历史与地缘的时空纵横坐标中,从他与东方／中国的思想联系以及欧洲／美国的思想联系中,评价他的东方元素。在他与东方和中国的比照中,分别探讨同一论／性善论,关联性思维／内在道德律；在他与欧洲的联系中,呈现了他与前苏格拉底等希腊学派、斯多葛学派、苏格兰常识派和基督教的思想渊源；美国本土角度着力从时代背景、地区文化、国民性格和文化心理方面阐述。本文试论证东方元素是爱默生思想的特质,他的东方元素大都是糅杂普世思想,同时他又有鲜明的美国思想,这两个维度合一构成了自立的爱默生。爱默生思想庞杂又凝练、细腻又粗犷、明朗又晦涩。他的思想非一人一文所能涵盖。本文旨在抛砖引玉,从全新的视角寻找爱默生研究的突破口,为更深入的研究做基础的铺垫。
[Abstract]:Ralph Waldo Emerson (Ralph Waldo Emerson,1803-1882) plays an important role in the history of American thought. Among the fathers of American thought Emerson was the first important scholar to introduce oriental thought into American culture. He spent his whole life reading oriental classics, revealing his oriental elements and feelings in his essays. Although his research is very popular in the European and American academic circles, his oriental elements did not get the attention of several American scholars until the 1930s. In recent years, some domestic scholars have begun to pay attention to this aspect of research, but the research results are limited. In reading, the author finds Emerson's Taoist thought flashing constantly. Based on his personal interest in Taoism, the author begins to study Emerson's oriental elements from an academic point of view. Because Emerson had never read any Taoist books in his life, his natural harmony with Taoism became the perfect starting point for studying his oriental elements. The purpose of this paper is to reveal the dimension of Emerson's thought and explore the new ideas of Emerson and cross-cultural research. Based on the basic facts of Emerson's life, the text contrasts with the historical and geographical background of wide angle, this paper combs Emerson's thought purport, extracts its oriental elements from it and comments it on the basis of empirical and inductive scientific research methods. The basic facts of life include Emerson's personal experience and scholarly methods; the text of comparison includes careful textual comparisons with the comparable Laozi concept. Based on the frame concept of Emerson's thought, Taoist concept and kernel concept, the chapter selects superanimate and Tao, virtue and virtue, nature and all things, innocence and simplicity, bluntness and inaction, awe and subordination, individual and human, respectively. Group people and people, geniuses and saints nine groups of concepts. On the basis of comparison, this paper further puts Emerson's thought in the panoramic historical and geographical space and vertical coordinates, and evaluates his oriental elements from his ideological connections with the East / China and Europe / America. In his comparison with the East and China, he explores respectively the same theory / theory of good sex, the theory of relevance thinking / the law of internal morality; in his connection with Europe, he presents himself with the Greek school of thought, such as the former Socrates, the stoic school, The ideological origin of Scottish common-sense school and Christianity; American native angle focuses on the background, regional culture, national character and cultural psychology. This paper tries to demonstrate that the oriental elements are the characteristics of Emerson's thought, his oriental elements are mostly a mixture of universal thoughts, and at the same time he has a distinct American thought, and these two dimensions combine to form a self-supporting Emerson. Emerson's thoughts were complex and concise, delicate and rough, bright and obscure. His thoughts are beyond the reach of one person. The purpose of this paper is to find a breakthrough in Emerson's research from a new angle of view, and to lay the groundwork for more in-depth research.
【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B712.41

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